The Autonomic Nervous System
... These include the activity of the adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels ...
... These include the activity of the adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels ...
Nerve activates contraction
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
Document
... increased onset in the majority of MGB sites. This response was mostly suppressed after AS+ES pairing when the delay between ES and AS was between 10 and 30ms and the suppression declined at longer intervals. In most cases the suppression affected the late part of the response. ES alone evoked short ...
... increased onset in the majority of MGB sites. This response was mostly suppressed after AS+ES pairing when the delay between ES and AS was between 10 and 30ms and the suppression declined at longer intervals. In most cases the suppression affected the late part of the response. ES alone evoked short ...
Central nervous System Lesions Leading to Disability
... thereby are able to control reflex activity as well as produce voluntary movement. The output of these supraspinal centers is influenced and ultimately integrated by the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Note that receptors in muscles sense the displacement of muscles and limbs and influence the output ...
... thereby are able to control reflex activity as well as produce voluntary movement. The output of these supraspinal centers is influenced and ultimately integrated by the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Note that receptors in muscles sense the displacement of muscles and limbs and influence the output ...
Chapter 15 Autonomic NS
... – vasoconstriction which elevates blood pressure – parasympathetic NS tries to compensate by slowing heart rate & dilating blood vessels above the injury – pounding headaches, sweating warm skin above the injury and ...
... – vasoconstriction which elevates blood pressure – parasympathetic NS tries to compensate by slowing heart rate & dilating blood vessels above the injury – pounding headaches, sweating warm skin above the injury and ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... postsynaptic response was multiphasic and prolonged (Fig. IA), suggesting that at least part of the response was mediated by polysynaptic circuits. Two properties of the evoked synaptic potentials were used to discriminate between monosynaptic and polysynaptic EPSPs. (7 ) Later components of the EPS ...
... postsynaptic response was multiphasic and prolonged (Fig. IA), suggesting that at least part of the response was mediated by polysynaptic circuits. Two properties of the evoked synaptic potentials were used to discriminate between monosynaptic and polysynaptic EPSPs. (7 ) Later components of the EPS ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
chapter 43 The Nervous System
... branched dendrites, enabling those cells to receive information from many different sources simultaneously.' Some neurons have extensions from the dendrites called dendritic spines that increase the surface area available-to receive stimuli. The surface of the cell body integrates the information ar ...
... branched dendrites, enabling those cells to receive information from many different sources simultaneously.' Some neurons have extensions from the dendrites called dendritic spines that increase the surface area available-to receive stimuli. The surface of the cell body integrates the information ar ...
A Biologically Plausible Spiking Neuron Model of Fear Conditioning
... through the same channel, and high-dimensional representations of context and stimuli. There are also critical structural differences between the models: most notably in the way context-dependent extinction is implemented. We also propose a novel, but biologically plausible hippocampal circuit that ...
... through the same channel, and high-dimensional representations of context and stimuli. There are also critical structural differences between the models: most notably in the way context-dependent extinction is implemented. We also propose a novel, but biologically plausible hippocampal circuit that ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... the frequency distribution of spike counts relative to each registered key peck. All spike waveforms within 620 ms of a key peck were plotted separately and compared to spike waveforms detected outside this window to ensure that the former were not pecking artifacts. Spontaneous firing rate was calc ...
... the frequency distribution of spike counts relative to each registered key peck. All spike waveforms within 620 ms of a key peck were plotted separately and compared to spike waveforms detected outside this window to ensure that the former were not pecking artifacts. Spontaneous firing rate was calc ...
Neuromodulation of in Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex I
... SCs and membrane potential resonance at more depolarized pothrough activation of mAChRs, tail currents were measured in 1 tentials (Yoshida and Alonso, 2007; Heys et al., 2010). As such, we M atropine, a competitive mAChR antagonist and measured sought to provide the first direct measurement of M c ...
... SCs and membrane potential resonance at more depolarized pothrough activation of mAChRs, tail currents were measured in 1 tentials (Yoshida and Alonso, 2007; Heys et al., 2010). As such, we M atropine, a competitive mAChR antagonist and measured sought to provide the first direct measurement of M c ...
“Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... • Many Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes are needed to cover one nerve fiber • Myelin sheath is segmented – Nodes of Ranvier: gap between segments – Internodes: myelin-covered segments from one gap to the next – Initial segment: short section of nerve fiber between the axon hillock and the first gli ...
... • Many Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes are needed to cover one nerve fiber • Myelin sheath is segmented – Nodes of Ranvier: gap between segments – Internodes: myelin-covered segments from one gap to the next – Initial segment: short section of nerve fiber between the axon hillock and the first gli ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
a real-time spike domain sensory information processing system
... designed and tested with a neuromorphic silicon retina. Neural activity is communicated between chips at rates of up to 1,000,000 spikes/sec with a bit-parallel Address-Event Representation protocol. This work represents the first step in constructing an autonomous, continuous-time, biologically-pla ...
... designed and tested with a neuromorphic silicon retina. Neural activity is communicated between chips at rates of up to 1,000,000 spikes/sec with a bit-parallel Address-Event Representation protocol. This work represents the first step in constructing an autonomous, continuous-time, biologically-pla ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... Pandya and Kuypers (1969) had first analysed the likely routes through which visual information could be accessed by the motor cortex. They showed that primary motor cortex (M1) did not receive any inputs from the visual associative areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs termi ...
... Pandya and Kuypers (1969) had first analysed the likely routes through which visual information could be accessed by the motor cortex. They showed that primary motor cortex (M1) did not receive any inputs from the visual associative areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs termi ...
Bi150 (2005)
... that moment had been all that I could see); and with the house the town, from morning to night and in all weathers, the Square where I used to be sent before lunch, the streets along which I used to run errands, the country roads we took when the weather was fine . . . “ Olfactory memory The nose ca ...
... that moment had been all that I could see); and with the house the town, from morning to night and in all weathers, the Square where I used to be sent before lunch, the streets along which I used to run errands, the country roads we took when the weather was fine . . . “ Olfactory memory The nose ca ...
PHYLUM-CHAETOGNATHA - NIO Bioinformatics Website
... and serving for flotation and equilibration rather than for locomotion. The anterior end forms a well – delimited head bearing a pair of eyes and on either side the characteristic grasping spines (hooks), hard curved spines used in seizing prey and operated by a complex musculature inside the head. ...
... and serving for flotation and equilibration rather than for locomotion. The anterior end forms a well – delimited head bearing a pair of eyes and on either side the characteristic grasping spines (hooks), hard curved spines used in seizing prey and operated by a complex musculature inside the head. ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... There is evidence that some of the signals and effects that are seen in TANs can be observed in dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Here, we review similarities and differences between the response properties of the two neuron populations. Common features TANs and DA neurons provide a signal that reports r ...
... There is evidence that some of the signals and effects that are seen in TANs can be observed in dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Here, we review similarities and differences between the response properties of the two neuron populations. Common features TANs and DA neurons provide a signal that reports r ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
Modeling stability in neuron and network function: the role of activity
... contrast, multicompartment models couple together individual compartments that can differ in the density and kind of ion channels and receptors, thus capturing loosely the complex spatial segregation of membrane proteins seen in biological neurons. Both kinds of models are widely used in neuroscienc ...
... contrast, multicompartment models couple together individual compartments that can differ in the density and kind of ion channels and receptors, thus capturing loosely the complex spatial segregation of membrane proteins seen in biological neurons. Both kinds of models are widely used in neuroscienc ...
Peripheral nervous system
... The Peripheral Nervous System Reflexes Types of Reflexes • Monosynaptic Reflex – simplest reflex arc – sensory neuron synapses directly on effectors motor neuron – Sensory structure in muscle is the muscle spindle – • when stretched it stimulates the sensory neuron ...
... The Peripheral Nervous System Reflexes Types of Reflexes • Monosynaptic Reflex – simplest reflex arc – sensory neuron synapses directly on effectors motor neuron – Sensory structure in muscle is the muscle spindle – • when stretched it stimulates the sensory neuron ...
07-Control of Movement
... more complex than reflexes, but less complex than other skills maintaining posture, sitting, standing, walking, and eye movement ...
... more complex than reflexes, but less complex than other skills maintaining posture, sitting, standing, walking, and eye movement ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... Common Perceptual Tasks There are a multitude of psychophysical tasks designed to measure different aspects of perception. For use in comparing neurons to perception, each has a unique set of strengths and limitations. These are important to keep in mind when assessing the quality of the evidence t ...
... Common Perceptual Tasks There are a multitude of psychophysical tasks designed to measure different aspects of perception. For use in comparing neurons to perception, each has a unique set of strengths and limitations. These are important to keep in mind when assessing the quality of the evidence t ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.