PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
Induction of c-fos Expression in Hypothalamic Magnocellular
... pressure and the injection of oxytocin intravenously (i.v.), respectively. Mammary gland responsiveness was checked with single injections of 0.25-l mU of oxytocin (Syntocinon, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, UK). For cranial surgery, the rats were positioned in a stereotaxic frame with the dorsal surface o ...
... pressure and the injection of oxytocin intravenously (i.v.), respectively. Mammary gland responsiveness was checked with single injections of 0.25-l mU of oxytocin (Syntocinon, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, UK). For cranial surgery, the rats were positioned in a stereotaxic frame with the dorsal surface o ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
... immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior ol ...
Chapter 10
... regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the ________, while the trunk the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons the trunk primarily on the _________. ...
... regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the ________, while the trunk the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons the trunk primarily on the _________. ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... tell us whether those particular neurons have excitatory or inhibitory effects on other cells. It also helps to tell us something about the behavior in which the neuron is engaged. In the next section, we will look at the structure of a synapse, the site where chemical communication by means of a ne ...
... tell us whether those particular neurons have excitatory or inhibitory effects on other cells. It also helps to tell us something about the behavior in which the neuron is engaged. In the next section, we will look at the structure of a synapse, the site where chemical communication by means of a ne ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... evidence that this system is able to distinguish agent and observer and then to identify the self with one of them. So, if we still want to talk about “goal-oriented actions”, in relation with MSys activity, we have to do it referring only to the function of the action, eluding the agent’s goal (his ...
... evidence that this system is able to distinguish agent and observer and then to identify the self with one of them. So, if we still want to talk about “goal-oriented actions”, in relation with MSys activity, we have to do it referring only to the function of the action, eluding the agent’s goal (his ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
... Animals moving through their environment are guided by a variety of sensory cues they exploit to control their direction of locomotion and to calculate distances. Spatial orientation in mammals is characterized by internal representations of the spatial relationship between the animal´s body and its ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
... to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
development brain section anatomy gross anatomy
... location of tracts information carried pathway - decussation (in some cases) - termination the big three dorsal column/medial lemniscus ALS (spinothalamic) lateral corticospinal reflex arcs ...
... location of tracts information carried pathway - decussation (in some cases) - termination the big three dorsal column/medial lemniscus ALS (spinothalamic) lateral corticospinal reflex arcs ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... of significant directed connections between recorded neurons with narrow spike waveforms and mean spike rates of at least 1 Hz (to ensure numerical stability) in different time windows. The temporal evolution of the networks in 150 ms windows incremented by 50 ms steps is illustrated in Fig. 3a for m ...
... of significant directed connections between recorded neurons with narrow spike waveforms and mean spike rates of at least 1 Hz (to ensure numerical stability) in different time windows. The temporal evolution of the networks in 150 ms windows incremented by 50 ms steps is illustrated in Fig. 3a for m ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... Neurophysiological studies have succeeded in correlating the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are intere ...
... Neurophysiological studies have succeeded in correlating the firing activity of specific populations of neurons to animal behaviors, defining sites with neuronal activity in particular behavioral contexts as the functional areas corresponding to those behaviors. Although such observations are intere ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
Role of motor cortex in voluntary movements Eye
... • 1.) Oculomotor system moves the eyes in the orbit. • 2.) Head movement system moves the orbits in space. • The gaze system keeps the eye still when the image is still and stabilizes the image when the object moves. • In 1890 Edwin Landott discovered that, when we read, the eyes do not move smoothl ...
... • 1.) Oculomotor system moves the eyes in the orbit. • 2.) Head movement system moves the orbits in space. • The gaze system keeps the eye still when the image is still and stabilizes the image when the object moves. • In 1890 Edwin Landott discovered that, when we read, the eyes do not move smoothl ...
Brain Stem Catecholamine Mechanisms in Tonic and
... Ventrolateral Medulla and Cardiovascular Control Although neurons in the NTS relay all information arising from cardiopulmonary receptors to other centers in the brain, the pathways by which such information is relayed, particularly those that signal an inhibition of vasomotor tone — the hallmark of ...
... Ventrolateral Medulla and Cardiovascular Control Although neurons in the NTS relay all information arising from cardiopulmonary receptors to other centers in the brain, the pathways by which such information is relayed, particularly those that signal an inhibition of vasomotor tone — the hallmark of ...
Target neuron prespecification in the olfactory map of Drosophila
... an octave steps. The probability of a tone pip starting in any one frequency band during any 5-ms time interval was set to values between 1 and 2%, so that, on average, 2.4 to 4.8 tone pips would be on simultaneously at any time during the random chord sequence. Tone onsets in different frequency ba ...
... an octave steps. The probability of a tone pip starting in any one frequency band during any 5-ms time interval was set to values between 1 and 2%, so that, on average, 2.4 to 4.8 tone pips would be on simultaneously at any time during the random chord sequence. Tone onsets in different frequency ba ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... comprised of two to eight spikes which ride on top of a membrane depolarization. While the first two of these spikes are separated by an ISI of 80 ms or less, following spikes tends to have increasing ISIs of up to 160 ms. As such, DA neurons firing in burst tend to display a bimodal ISI distributio ...
... comprised of two to eight spikes which ride on top of a membrane depolarization. While the first two of these spikes are separated by an ISI of 80 ms or less, following spikes tends to have increasing ISIs of up to 160 ms. As such, DA neurons firing in burst tend to display a bimodal ISI distributio ...
Presentation Slides
... a neurological gating process that prevents distracting sensory inputs from generating unnecessary motor outputs Stimulus intensity ...
... a neurological gating process that prevents distracting sensory inputs from generating unnecessary motor outputs Stimulus intensity ...
autonomic nervous system
... • The somatic nervous system contains both sensory and motor neurons. • The somatic sensory neurons receive input from receptors of the special and somatic senses. • These sensations are consciously perceived. • Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle to produce conscious, voluntary movement ...
... • The somatic nervous system contains both sensory and motor neurons. • The somatic sensory neurons receive input from receptors of the special and somatic senses. • These sensations are consciously perceived. • Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle to produce conscious, voluntary movement ...
PDF
... can be suppressed or facilitated in a number of animals according to moment-to-moment functional requirements. An example of this type of reflex regulation can be found in the squid, which acquires the capacity for startle reflex inhibition during development to allow for the capture and consumption ...
... can be suppressed or facilitated in a number of animals according to moment-to-moment functional requirements. An example of this type of reflex regulation can be found in the squid, which acquires the capacity for startle reflex inhibition during development to allow for the capture and consumption ...
Chapter 16: The Autonomic System and Higher
... B. All are polysynaptic, can be long or short 1. Long reflexes coordinate activities of entire organs, involves CNS 2. Short reflexes bypass CNS and control activity in one small part of organ C. Examples of Visceral Reflexes Table 16-4 ...
... B. All are polysynaptic, can be long or short 1. Long reflexes coordinate activities of entire organs, involves CNS 2. Short reflexes bypass CNS and control activity in one small part of organ C. Examples of Visceral Reflexes Table 16-4 ...
neural_networks
... The postsynaptic neuron tallies the votes over the set of inputs—a ‘no’ vote is a zero and a ‘yes’ vote has some positive value (= 1 in simplest model). If tally is large enough, postsynaptic neuron declares ‘yes’ and it fires If the tally is not large enough, the postsynaptic neuron says ‘no’ and d ...
... The postsynaptic neuron tallies the votes over the set of inputs—a ‘no’ vote is a zero and a ‘yes’ vote has some positive value (= 1 in simplest model). If tally is large enough, postsynaptic neuron declares ‘yes’ and it fires If the tally is not large enough, the postsynaptic neuron says ‘no’ and d ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... vivo optical recording of neural activity, (2) the optical dissection of complex neural architectures, and (3) additional fluorescence imaging-based techniques for the anatomical and physiological characterization of these systems. These approaches have provided insights into the descending neural co ...
... vivo optical recording of neural activity, (2) the optical dissection of complex neural architectures, and (3) additional fluorescence imaging-based techniques for the anatomical and physiological characterization of these systems. These approaches have provided insights into the descending neural co ...
Spinal Cord Review
... worsening over the week and more marked on the left lower extremity. The patient also stated that he was unable to feel anything (numbness) in his legs. He also complained of inability to feel when he urinated as well as mild urinary incontinence. The patient had a spinal tumor (meningioma) removed ...
... worsening over the week and more marked on the left lower extremity. The patient also stated that he was unable to feel anything (numbness) in his legs. He also complained of inability to feel when he urinated as well as mild urinary incontinence. The patient had a spinal tumor (meningioma) removed ...
Gain-of-function mutation in Nav 1.7 in familial
... mV where an action potential is triggered, were elicited with 50–65 pA current injections. All-or-none action potentials required stimuli of -130 pA (current threshold for this neuron). In contrast, shows responses from a representative DRG neuron expressing F1449V, where action potentials were prod ...
... mV where an action potential is triggered, were elicited with 50–65 pA current injections. All-or-none action potentials required stimuli of -130 pA (current threshold for this neuron). In contrast, shows responses from a representative DRG neuron expressing F1449V, where action potentials were prod ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.