Building silicon nervous systems with dendritic tree neuromorphs
... It is clear from a growing body of physiological work on neurons from many areas of the brain that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the ...
... It is clear from a growing body of physiological work on neurons from many areas of the brain that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the ...
Somatosensory Systems: Pain and Temperature - Dr
... will need to do on your own. There are two aspects of the pathways to learn. The first is the details of the pathway, that is, in what structures are the cell bodies located, where are the synapses made, and at what level of the pathway do axons cross the midline. You will get this information from ...
... will need to do on your own. There are two aspects of the pathways to learn. The first is the details of the pathway, that is, in what structures are the cell bodies located, where are the synapses made, and at what level of the pathway do axons cross the midline. You will get this information from ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... d. Neurons may have any number of dendrites, but are limited to no more than one axon (which may have branches). e. Other terms associated with neurons: Afferent axons: Brings information into a structure. Efferent axons: Sends information away from a structure. Interneurons (intrinsic neurons): Ent ...
... d. Neurons may have any number of dendrites, but are limited to no more than one axon (which may have branches). e. Other terms associated with neurons: Afferent axons: Brings information into a structure. Efferent axons: Sends information away from a structure. Interneurons (intrinsic neurons): Ent ...
The Neurons that Control Axial Movements in a Frog Embryo1
... cipal neuron types discussed here do not My aim here, inspired by the early stud- change much from stage 33/34 to 37/38. ies of Coghill (1929), is to take a broad look Throughout this period it seems that latat a very simple vertebrate nervous system eral eyes, the olfactory systems and the vesand s ...
... cipal neuron types discussed here do not My aim here, inspired by the early stud- change much from stage 33/34 to 37/38. ies of Coghill (1929), is to take a broad look Throughout this period it seems that latat a very simple vertebrate nervous system eral eyes, the olfactory systems and the vesand s ...
Mapping Function Onto Neuronal Morphology
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
... of the neurons, the fitness functions, and the genetic algorithm. The sets of equations are only weakly connected. By this we mean that one set of equations provides only parameters, initial or boundary conditions to the other set of equations. There is, however, no continuous coupling with the stat ...
Chapter 3
... that are slower and longer lasting. • Metabotropic events include such behaviors as hunger, fear, thirst, or anger. ...
... that are slower and longer lasting. • Metabotropic events include such behaviors as hunger, fear, thirst, or anger. ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... deviated downwards from the linearity at higher frequencies. Z~s can be seen from the graph, the STH neuron could fire at the maximum frequency of about 500 Hz (Fig. ?B). The I - f curve obtained from the last interspike interval was almost linear up to 200 Hz and reached its peak at over 300 Hz. Th ...
... deviated downwards from the linearity at higher frequencies. Z~s can be seen from the graph, the STH neuron could fire at the maximum frequency of about 500 Hz (Fig. ?B). The I - f curve obtained from the last interspike interval was almost linear up to 200 Hz and reached its peak at over 300 Hz. Th ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maximal conductances found in a neuron and its intrinsic properties. This is illustrated in a recent modeling study (Goldman, Golowasch, Marder, & Abbott, 2001) in which the maxima ...
... that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maximal conductances found in a neuron and its intrinsic properties. This is illustrated in a recent modeling study (Goldman, Golowasch, Marder, & Abbott, 2001) in which the maxima ...
No Slide Title
... Figure 18-3 Relationships between action potentials in lower motor neurons (A), action potentials in a postjunctional muscle fiber (B), and force production by the muscle fiber (C). (Modified from Nolte J: Elsevier's integrated neuroscience, Philadelphia, 2007, Mosby Elsevier.) ...
... Figure 18-3 Relationships between action potentials in lower motor neurons (A), action potentials in a postjunctional muscle fiber (B), and force production by the muscle fiber (C). (Modified from Nolte J: Elsevier's integrated neuroscience, Philadelphia, 2007, Mosby Elsevier.) ...
Modulation of Synaptic Transmission to Second
... The caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS), where peripheral chemoreceptor afferents and other visceral afferents make their first central synapses (Mifflin, 1992), has intense anatomical connections with central noradrenergic neural structures (Loewy, 1990). The cNTS also contains noradrenergic n ...
... The caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS), where peripheral chemoreceptor afferents and other visceral afferents make their first central synapses (Mifflin, 1992), has intense anatomical connections with central noradrenergic neural structures (Loewy, 1990). The cNTS also contains noradrenergic n ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ventral respiratory column and other medullary regions essential to breathing. Their response to CO2 is presumably intrinsic. RTN neurons uniformly express Phox2b, a transcription factor whose mutation in man causes ...
... neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ventral respiratory column and other medullary regions essential to breathing. Their response to CO2 is presumably intrinsic. RTN neurons uniformly express Phox2b, a transcription factor whose mutation in man causes ...
PDF
... One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic ...
... One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... propagation of an action potential. • 12-6 Discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. ...
... propagation of an action potential. • 12-6 Discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... somatic nervous system. Impulses originating in the brain are carried through the spinal cord, where they synapse with the dendrites of motor neurons. The axons from these motor neurons extend from the spinal cord carrying impulses directly to muscles, causing the contractions that produce voluntary ...
... somatic nervous system. Impulses originating in the brain are carried through the spinal cord, where they synapse with the dendrites of motor neurons. The axons from these motor neurons extend from the spinal cord carrying impulses directly to muscles, causing the contractions that produce voluntary ...
The 18th European Conference on Artificial - CEUR
... When parsing is completed, the control subnet in combination with the NLP subnets cause an orthogonal oscillating CA in the goal net to ignite. This is equivalent to a goal being set in the Maes net. With a simple action, this goal CA causes the corresponding module subnet CA to ignite, which in tur ...
... When parsing is completed, the control subnet in combination with the NLP subnets cause an orthogonal oscillating CA in the goal net to ignite. This is equivalent to a goal being set in the Maes net. With a simple action, this goal CA causes the corresponding module subnet CA to ignite, which in tur ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of orig ...
... posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of orig ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Potassium Currents in an
... current level at time 0, i.e., immediately before the beginning of stimulation (downward arrow). Negative time indicates time before stimulation begins. Dashed lines indicate control values (i.e., 100%). Numbers of measurements are indicated in parentheses under the time axes below the time label; t ...
... current level at time 0, i.e., immediately before the beginning of stimulation (downward arrow). Negative time indicates time before stimulation begins. Dashed lines indicate control values (i.e., 100%). Numbers of measurements are indicated in parentheses under the time axes below the time label; t ...
22_LectureSlides
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
Hox genes and the regulation of movement in Drosophila
... 2005). Here we provide evidence for a more generalized form of genetic control that assigns equivalent cells at different levels in the anterior–posterior axis to form the different networks that underlie regionally specialized patterns of motor behavior. In many animals there is a regional differen ...
... 2005). Here we provide evidence for a more generalized form of genetic control that assigns equivalent cells at different levels in the anterior–posterior axis to form the different networks that underlie regionally specialized patterns of motor behavior. In many animals there is a regional differen ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... detect key; CP, choice period; PT, project to target; R, reward. (C) Passive delivery of the stimulus set. (D) Light instruction task, the same sequence as in (A), but without the moving tactile stimuli. Descriptions of the task sequences, stimulus set and sensory-motor performance are given in the ...
... detect key; CP, choice period; PT, project to target; R, reward. (C) Passive delivery of the stimulus set. (D) Light instruction task, the same sequence as in (A), but without the moving tactile stimuli. Descriptions of the task sequences, stimulus set and sensory-motor performance are given in the ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... the main paradigm of motor control, from correlating primary motor cortical neuronal firing with movements of isolated muscles (Scott and Kalaska, 1995; Scott, 1997) to correlating neuronal firing with whole arm movements (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1991). Piv ...
... the main paradigm of motor control, from correlating primary motor cortical neuronal firing with movements of isolated muscles (Scott and Kalaska, 1995; Scott, 1997) to correlating neuronal firing with whole arm movements (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1991). Piv ...
Common and specific inhibitory motor neurons innervate
... Anti-GABA immunocytochemistry revealed three stained axons entering the posterior intersegmental nerve (N6) from the prothoracic ganglion (T1) (Fig.·2A). One of these three axons entered the first lateral branch of N6, N1A, which innervates muscles 60 and 61 (M60, M61; see Fig.·1). This branch is he ...
... Anti-GABA immunocytochemistry revealed three stained axons entering the posterior intersegmental nerve (N6) from the prothoracic ganglion (T1) (Fig.·2A). One of these three axons entered the first lateral branch of N6, N1A, which innervates muscles 60 and 61 (M60, M61; see Fig.·1). This branch is he ...
PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.