A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing
... neurons did not result in any suprathreshold activity in the other neurons. With training, the learning rule was effective in generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was obse ...
... neurons did not result in any suprathreshold activity in the other neurons. With training, the learning rule was effective in generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was obse ...
Neurons, Neural Networks, and Learning
... membership is recognized correctly. If so, no action is required. If not, a learning rule must be applied to adjust the weights. • This iterative process has to continue either until for all vectors from the learning set their membership will be recognized correctly or it will not be recognized just ...
... membership is recognized correctly. If so, no action is required. If not, a learning rule must be applied to adjust the weights. • This iterative process has to continue either until for all vectors from the learning set their membership will be recognized correctly or it will not be recognized just ...
File
... Specialized junctions called (gap junctions) allow the spread of current between two cells. Only 2-4nm separates the pre and postsynaptic membranes at the site of gap junctions (and the distance between the cells). Gap junctions are formed by (membrane brides) that are constructed from integral me ...
... Specialized junctions called (gap junctions) allow the spread of current between two cells. Only 2-4nm separates the pre and postsynaptic membranes at the site of gap junctions (and the distance between the cells). Gap junctions are formed by (membrane brides) that are constructed from integral me ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... As the looming parameter l=jvj is varied over one order of magnitude (5–50 ms), the overall time-course of the LGMD’s firing rate remains largely unchanged, consisting of an increase followed by a peak and a subsequent decrease (Fig. 3C; [19]). However, several systematic changes occur as l=jvj is va ...
... As the looming parameter l=jvj is varied over one order of magnitude (5–50 ms), the overall time-course of the LGMD’s firing rate remains largely unchanged, consisting of an increase followed by a peak and a subsequent decrease (Fig. 3C; [19]). However, several systematic changes occur as l=jvj is va ...
Artificial Neuron Network Implementation of Boolean Logic Gates by
... problems that can't easily be quantified into an algorithm; however these tasks are insignificant to humans. The key to Artificial Neural Networks is that their design enables them to process information in a similar way to our own biological brains, by drawing inspiration from how our own nervous s ...
... problems that can't easily be quantified into an algorithm; however these tasks are insignificant to humans. The key to Artificial Neural Networks is that their design enables them to process information in a similar way to our own biological brains, by drawing inspiration from how our own nervous s ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional in nature, it is clear that tracer can be transp ...
... believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional in nature, it is clear that tracer can be transp ...
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters are the nervous system`s “off switches
... Aspartic Acid, also known as aspartate, is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brainstem and spinal cord. Aspartic acid is the excitatory counterpart to glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Low levels have been linked to feelings of fatigue and low mood, whereas high levels have been linked t ...
... Aspartic Acid, also known as aspartate, is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brainstem and spinal cord. Aspartic acid is the excitatory counterpart to glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Low levels have been linked to feelings of fatigue and low mood, whereas high levels have been linked t ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... 2. The basic rhythmicity of stepping is produced by neuronal circuits contained entirely within the spinal cord. 3. The spinal circuits can be modulated by tonic descending signals from the brain. 4. The spinal pattern-generating networks do not require sensory input but nevertheless are strongly re ...
... 2. The basic rhythmicity of stepping is produced by neuronal circuits contained entirely within the spinal cord. 3. The spinal circuits can be modulated by tonic descending signals from the brain. 4. The spinal pattern-generating networks do not require sensory input but nevertheless are strongly re ...
Leech Heart CPG
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... How goal-directed sensorimotor learning induces changes in neuronal networks to alter the flow of information between cortical areas is not well understood. Here, using genetically-encoded calcium indicators in combination with retrograde tracers and two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have beg ...
... How goal-directed sensorimotor learning induces changes in neuronal networks to alter the flow of information between cortical areas is not well understood. Here, using genetically-encoded calcium indicators in combination with retrograde tracers and two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have beg ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... dreaming state while still partially awake. They also have attacks during which they lose muscle tone — similar to what occurs during REM sleep only while they are awake. These attacks of paralysis, known as cataplexy, can be triggered by emotional experiences, even by hearing a funny joke. You can ...
... dreaming state while still partially awake. They also have attacks during which they lose muscle tone — similar to what occurs during REM sleep only while they are awake. These attacks of paralysis, known as cataplexy, can be triggered by emotional experiences, even by hearing a funny joke. You can ...
Trigeminal Nerve
... The facial muscles below the forehead receive contralateral cortical innervation (crossed corticobulbar fibers only). Therefore, a lesion rostral to the facial nucleus—a central facial lesion—results in paralysis of the contralateral facial muscles except the frontalis and orbicularis oculi musc ...
... The facial muscles below the forehead receive contralateral cortical innervation (crossed corticobulbar fibers only). Therefore, a lesion rostral to the facial nucleus—a central facial lesion—results in paralysis of the contralateral facial muscles except the frontalis and orbicularis oculi musc ...
Interfacing Real-Time Spiking I/O with the SpiNNaker neuromimetic
... Artificial spiking neural network (ANN) simulation has been widely investigated in the recent past, with many attempts being made to simulate networks in real-time and with increasing biological realism. ANNs have been widely used to interface with sensors, revealing features and details which are t ...
... Artificial spiking neural network (ANN) simulation has been widely investigated in the recent past, with many attempts being made to simulate networks in real-time and with increasing biological realism. ANNs have been widely used to interface with sensors, revealing features and details which are t ...
Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... these glomeruli, DA1, was shown to receive projections from olfactory neurons expressing Or67d, the cVA receptor (Kurtovic et al., 2007). These glomeruli are also the only three glomeruli that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcripti ...
... these glomeruli, DA1, was shown to receive projections from olfactory neurons expressing Or67d, the cVA receptor (Kurtovic et al., 2007). These glomeruli are also the only three glomeruli that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcripti ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... bidirectionality that allows the nerve net to be unpolarized in terms of the direction of propagation of activity. Romanes (1885) was aware that the nerve net is made up of individual, discrete neurons, and that these neurons share some type of physiological connectivity throughout the nerve net. Fr ...
... bidirectionality that allows the nerve net to be unpolarized in terms of the direction of propagation of activity. Romanes (1885) was aware that the nerve net is made up of individual, discrete neurons, and that these neurons share some type of physiological connectivity throughout the nerve net. Fr ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... somatosensory cortex (SmI), digital subgyri of this cortex were electrically stimulated in 6 1 neurons. For this purpose, a multiple-electrode stimulating device was constructed. It consisted of a perimeter of six electrolytically sharpened stainless steel electrodes surrounding a single central ele ...
... somatosensory cortex (SmI), digital subgyri of this cortex were electrically stimulated in 6 1 neurons. For this purpose, a multiple-electrode stimulating device was constructed. It consisted of a perimeter of six electrolytically sharpened stainless steel electrodes surrounding a single central ele ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and in response to salient stimuli has recently been reported, as mentioned above [40]. Classic work has shown that 60% of putative GABAergic interneurons display firing modulation with entorhinal theta oscillations during paradoxical sleep [62]. Fear extinction deficits observed in GAD-65 knock-ou ...
... and in response to salient stimuli has recently been reported, as mentioned above [40]. Classic work has shown that 60% of putative GABAergic interneurons display firing modulation with entorhinal theta oscillations during paradoxical sleep [62]. Fear extinction deficits observed in GAD-65 knock-ou ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... responses of other subcortical neurons tuned to different frequencies are increased, and their preferred frequencies are shifted towards that of the inactivated cortical neurons. Thus the corticofugal system mediates a positive feedback which, in combination with widespread lateral inhibition, sharp ...
... responses of other subcortical neurons tuned to different frequencies are increased, and their preferred frequencies are shifted towards that of the inactivated cortical neurons. Thus the corticofugal system mediates a positive feedback which, in combination with widespread lateral inhibition, sharp ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... more sensitive to subtle changes in both central and peripheral temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–1 ...
... more sensitive to subtle changes in both central and peripheral temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–1 ...
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
... glomeruli, those which get a weak or intermediate RN input revealed a decreased sensitivity, leading to reduced or even no responses in their PNs (CHAPTER I, IV). This indicates specific inhibitory interactions within the AL. Thus, the strong glomerular responses are further emphasized by the specif ...
... glomeruli, those which get a weak or intermediate RN input revealed a decreased sensitivity, leading to reduced or even no responses in their PNs (CHAPTER I, IV). This indicates specific inhibitory interactions within the AL. Thus, the strong glomerular responses are further emphasized by the specif ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pulses of excitation in the rightward direction (5 ms pulse o ...
... transmission based on properties of AMPA and GABA, (yaminobutyric acid A) receptors as determined from wholecell recordings (see Methods). Neurons in the network were exposed to 100 trials of retinotopic sensory input consisting of moving pulses of excitation in the rightward direction (5 ms pulse o ...
26_1986 Wasilewska
... methods in representatives of four mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora). The aim of our study was to give the first detailed morphometric characteristics of the St and GP in the animals. The paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks were cut in the coronal plane into 50 µm sec ...
... methods in representatives of four mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora). The aim of our study was to give the first detailed morphometric characteristics of the St and GP in the animals. The paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks were cut in the coronal plane into 50 µm sec ...
Nervous System - Neuron and Nerve Impulse PowerPoint
... of fibers called nerves. – Some nerves contain fibers from only a few neurons, but others contain hundreds or even thousands of neurons. ...
... of fibers called nerves. – Some nerves contain fibers from only a few neurons, but others contain hundreds or even thousands of neurons. ...
a14a NeuroPhysI
... • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
... • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.