Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in - AJP
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... pia mater is a delicate layer consisting of flattened, impermeable cells and CT fibers; it rests upon a limiting layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tis ...
... pia mater is a delicate layer consisting of flattened, impermeable cells and CT fibers; it rests upon a limiting layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tis ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... origin of VIP contribution to GABA transmission [78, 79]. 2.2. Molecular Rhythms. Circadian rhythmicity of GABA content and GAD activity were detected in the rat SCN under LD and DD conditions, suggesting an endogenous nature of the fluctuations [80]. In LD conditions, GABA concentration increased a ...
... origin of VIP contribution to GABA transmission [78, 79]. 2.2. Molecular Rhythms. Circadian rhythmicity of GABA content and GAD activity were detected in the rat SCN under LD and DD conditions, suggesting an endogenous nature of the fluctuations [80]. In LD conditions, GABA concentration increased a ...
Experimental spinal cord transplantation as a mechanism of
... suitable substrate for the implantation of fetal central nervous system, and that grafts survive for long periods of time.3 Grafts into the spinal cord of the rat, 4 cat, 5 and monkey6 have been made in the form of solid pieces or cell suspensions of fetal brain or spinal cord. These grafts include ...
... suitable substrate for the implantation of fetal central nervous system, and that grafts survive for long periods of time.3 Grafts into the spinal cord of the rat, 4 cat, 5 and monkey6 have been made in the form of solid pieces or cell suspensions of fetal brain or spinal cord. These grafts include ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
Full text article
... dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of GnRH neurons must occur. The GnRH neurons extend their neurosecretory axons to the hypothalamus where GnR ...
... dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of GnRH neurons must occur. The GnRH neurons extend their neurosecretory axons to the hypothalamus where GnR ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control level within 30 s after stimulation was considered a ...
... control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control level within 30 s after stimulation was considered a ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... not significantly vary from animal to animal. In particular, number of neurons (302) in the hermaphrodite worm is consistent across the individuals [1, 2], and synapses (both chemical synapses and electric gap junctions) are stereotypical with more than 75% reproducibility [3]. This consistency make ...
... not significantly vary from animal to animal. In particular, number of neurons (302) in the hermaphrodite worm is consistent across the individuals [1, 2], and synapses (both chemical synapses and electric gap junctions) are stereotypical with more than 75% reproducibility [3]. This consistency make ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... to the cell density, we may expect that the number of cells contributing to the multi-unit activity will get so large that we would no longer be able to discriminate individual action potentials, and we would simply record a gross potential resulting from the summed, synchronized activity of all the ...
... to the cell density, we may expect that the number of cells contributing to the multi-unit activity will get so large that we would no longer be able to discriminate individual action potentials, and we would simply record a gross potential resulting from the summed, synchronized activity of all the ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
... Because different NR2 subunits confer distinct biophysical properties to NMDARs (Laurie and Seeburg, 1994), we then tested whether the change in AMPA/NMDA ratio during lactation was due to a switch in NMDAR subunits. This was done by comparing the kinetics of NMDAR-mediated EPSCs and by assessing th ...
... Because different NR2 subunits confer distinct biophysical properties to NMDARs (Laurie and Seeburg, 1994), we then tested whether the change in AMPA/NMDA ratio during lactation was due to a switch in NMDAR subunits. This was done by comparing the kinetics of NMDAR-mediated EPSCs and by assessing th ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... we mapped the frontal eye fields with electrical sition taken every 4 ms over a 2 s epoch surrounding stimulation without studying neuronal activity ex- the stimulation. One bit represented 0.0825” in the high-precision record and 0.33” in the lower-precept to judge if the electrode were in gray or ...
... we mapped the frontal eye fields with electrical sition taken every 4 ms over a 2 s epoch surrounding stimulation without studying neuronal activity ex- the stimulation. One bit represented 0.0825” in the high-precision record and 0.33” in the lower-precept to judge if the electrode were in gray or ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... movements of a variety of mechanical, electronic and even virtual external devices3–6. Recently, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has been added to the classical BMI paradigm to allow artificial sensory feedback signals7,8, generated by these brain-controlled actuators, to be delivered back to ...
... movements of a variety of mechanical, electronic and even virtual external devices3–6. Recently, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has been added to the classical BMI paradigm to allow artificial sensory feedback signals7,8, generated by these brain-controlled actuators, to be delivered back to ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... either in liquid- or sound-reinforced trials but rarely distinguished between movement and nonmovement reactions. These instruction responses reflected the predicted motivational outcome rather than the behavioral reaction necessary for obtaining that outcome. Activations preceding the reinforcer be ...
... either in liquid- or sound-reinforced trials but rarely distinguished between movement and nonmovement reactions. These instruction responses reflected the predicted motivational outcome rather than the behavioral reaction necessary for obtaining that outcome. Activations preceding the reinforcer be ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... is the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), which is embedded in the fibers of the corticofugal tracts. The MGP and SNr receive direct projections from the striatum. In addition, an indirect projection from the striatum to the MGP and SNr begins with a projection from the striatum to the lateral globus pall ...
... is the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), which is embedded in the fibers of the corticofugal tracts. The MGP and SNr receive direct projections from the striatum. In addition, an indirect projection from the striatum to the MGP and SNr begins with a projection from the striatum to the lateral globus pall ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000; Mansvelder et al., 2002). Because the interaction between the VTA and other brain regions is interrupted in brain slices, studies in a more intact in vivo system are needed. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the mPFC plays an important role in controlling VTA DA neuro ...
... Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000; Mansvelder et al., 2002). Because the interaction between the VTA and other brain regions is interrupted in brain slices, studies in a more intact in vivo system are needed. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the mPFC plays an important role in controlling VTA DA neuro ...
Read Neuroglia
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... from these parameters ranged from 0.33 to 1.70 m/set, with a mean of 1.01 m/set. However these values are likely to be underestimates, depending on how far the axons deviate from the direct line between the CA3 somata and the stimulating electrode in the SR. In addition, as CA3 axons emerge from the ...
... from these parameters ranged from 0.33 to 1.70 m/set, with a mean of 1.01 m/set. However these values are likely to be underestimates, depending on how far the axons deviate from the direct line between the CA3 somata and the stimulating electrode in the SR. In addition, as CA3 axons emerge from the ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave produced by millions of astrocytes acting as a syncytium would, at the wave's termination, be expected to resu ...
... astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave produced by millions of astrocytes acting as a syncytium would, at the wave's termination, be expected to resu ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... experiments, dyes were added to the intracellular solution (3 mg/ml biocytin or neurobiotin; 20 M Alexa-594). For subcellular ChR2assisted circuit mapping (sCRACM) experiments, TTX (1 M, Tocris Bioscience), 4-AP (100 M, Sigma), and CPP (5 M, Tocris Bioscience) were added to the bath (Petreanu et ...
... experiments, dyes were added to the intracellular solution (3 mg/ml biocytin or neurobiotin; 20 M Alexa-594). For subcellular ChR2assisted circuit mapping (sCRACM) experiments, TTX (1 M, Tocris Bioscience), 4-AP (100 M, Sigma), and CPP (5 M, Tocris Bioscience) were added to the bath (Petreanu et ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... that the degree of radiate or tufted dendritic branching is less well developed, but neither type of cell predominates. Moreover, all of the cell types are overlapping in distribution, although the large ones tend to be more common rostrally in the medial division. Likewise, there is no clear-cut re ...
... that the degree of radiate or tufted dendritic branching is less well developed, but neither type of cell predominates. Moreover, all of the cell types are overlapping in distribution, although the large ones tend to be more common rostrally in the medial division. Likewise, there is no clear-cut re ...