Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-null mice are insensitive to the anorexic effect of peripherally administered leptin. Although their excessive adipo ...
... several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-null mice are insensitive to the anorexic effect of peripherally administered leptin. Although their excessive adipo ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... proponents of the labeled line theory argue that neurons that encode a given taste quality are those that respond most vigorously to exemplars of that quality relative to other taste qualities. These cells are then identified by their ‘‘best’’ stimulus among representatives of the basic taste qualiti ...
... proponents of the labeled line theory argue that neurons that encode a given taste quality are those that respond most vigorously to exemplars of that quality relative to other taste qualities. These cells are then identified by their ‘‘best’’ stimulus among representatives of the basic taste qualiti ...
Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
... of cilia function for cortical development and function is evident in various developmental brain disorders, such as Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Orofaciodigital, and Bardet-Biedl syndromes (commonly referred to as ciliopathies), where disrupted cilia function and the resultant changes in cortical format ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... case of aversive conditioning). If there is an increase in the proportion of the group of flies that orients toward the sucrose-associated odor post-training, flies are considered to have learned an odor preference (70). Both of these assays are classical conditioning paradigms in that the presentatio ...
... case of aversive conditioning). If there is an increase in the proportion of the group of flies that orients toward the sucrose-associated odor post-training, flies are considered to have learned an odor preference (70). Both of these assays are classical conditioning paradigms in that the presentatio ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole cell recordings, we quickly (usually in ⬍2 min) recorded the voltage responses by injecting currents from ⫹0.1 to ⫺1 nA at an interval of ⫺0.1 nA (Fig. 1C) in current clamp. In this condition, we can still obser ...
... low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole cell recordings, we quickly (usually in ⬍2 min) recorded the voltage responses by injecting currents from ⫹0.1 to ⫺1 nA at an interval of ⫺0.1 nA (Fig. 1C) in current clamp. In this condition, we can still obser ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... N IH Image analysis system to measure the area covered by the RGC axons. This measurement takes into account both the number and length of the axons, parameters that could not be accurately measured individually in these three-dimensional cultures. Because outgrowth was not radial, care was taken to ...
... N IH Image analysis system to measure the area covered by the RGC axons. This measurement takes into account both the number and length of the axons, parameters that could not be accurately measured individually in these three-dimensional cultures. Because outgrowth was not radial, care was taken to ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... the GPi and SNr are the two major output stations, sending signals to part of the thalamus and brain stem motor areas. The STN, GPe, and SNc are mostly connected with other basal ganglia nuclei and may act as modulators. The STN, in addition, receives direct inputs from the cerebral cortex. Closely ...
... the GPi and SNr are the two major output stations, sending signals to part of the thalamus and brain stem motor areas. The STN, GPe, and SNc are mostly connected with other basal ganglia nuclei and may act as modulators. The STN, in addition, receives direct inputs from the cerebral cortex. Closely ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... discriminator to a computer. During the recording, the activity of each neuron was first examined in a certain task for ∼40 trials (10 blocks), which constituted one recording epoch. Then the activity was reexamined in this task after one or two recording epochs in another task(s). The data obtained ...
... discriminator to a computer. During the recording, the activity of each neuron was first examined in a certain task for ∼40 trials (10 blocks), which constituted one recording epoch. Then the activity was reexamined in this task after one or two recording epochs in another task(s). The data obtained ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... matter. Neither gliosis nor neuronal loss was observed. However, after analysis with the AMG method, neurons as well as glia cells were found to have accumulated bismuth (Fig. 1a). Astrocytes, in particular, exhibited abundant staining (Fig. 1b). In all patients, cerebellum, thalamus, and neocortex ...
... matter. Neither gliosis nor neuronal loss was observed. However, after analysis with the AMG method, neurons as well as glia cells were found to have accumulated bismuth (Fig. 1a). Astrocytes, in particular, exhibited abundant staining (Fig. 1b). In all patients, cerebellum, thalamus, and neocortex ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... into postsynaptic sites. This was further confirmed by double- and triple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for Venus (with use of anti-GFP antibody), Bassoon (presynaptic marker; Fig. 1D), and drebrin (postsynaptic marker; Fig. 1E). Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images of individual spi ...
... into postsynaptic sites. This was further confirmed by double- and triple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for Venus (with use of anti-GFP antibody), Bassoon (presynaptic marker; Fig. 1D), and drebrin (postsynaptic marker; Fig. 1E). Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images of individual spi ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
Read Neuroglia
... classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, chapter 5 nervous system at the end of this chapter - chapter 5 nervous system at the end of this chapter student will be able to a neuroglia of the pns completely surround axons an ...
... classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, chapter 5 nervous system at the end of this chapter - chapter 5 nervous system at the end of this chapter student will be able to a neuroglia of the pns completely surround axons an ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... of spike repolarization without affecting the rising phase of the spike. We also tested the effects of lower linopirdine concentrations (0.1–3 M) on native (control) resting potential using negative current injection the spike ADP. As shown in Figure 2, linopirdine consistently to counteract the de ...
... of spike repolarization without affecting the rising phase of the spike. We also tested the effects of lower linopirdine concentrations (0.1–3 M) on native (control) resting potential using negative current injection the spike ADP. As shown in Figure 2, linopirdine consistently to counteract the de ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fabrication and experimental set-up, large amounts of protein, and relatively long preparation time. Another novel method based on co ...
... sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fabrication and experimental set-up, large amounts of protein, and relatively long preparation time. Another novel method based on co ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
... is observed after contact of presynaptic neurites of Helisoma B19 motoneurons with their target supralateral radular tensor (SLT) muscles (374). Helisoma motoneuron B19 will form functional chemical connections only with its normal synaptic partner SLT muscle, and not with novel targets (155, 373). ...
Oscillatory phase coupling coordinates
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
... Fig. 1. Patterns of oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas coordinate anatomically dispersed neuronal cell assemblies (schematic). (A–D) Hypothesis 1: Spike timing in single neurons depends on frequency-specific oscillatory phase coupling across multiple brain areas. (A) Spiking in o ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... master’s dynamics unperturbed and change just the slave’s couplings. In this Thesis we will deal with the former case. 1.1.1 Physical systems When Voss introduced the concept of AS, he proposed that it would open new avenues in the study, prediction and control of chaotic systems [4, 6, 5]. Indeed, ...
... master’s dynamics unperturbed and change just the slave’s couplings. In this Thesis we will deal with the former case. 1.1.1 Physical systems When Voss introduced the concept of AS, he proposed that it would open new avenues in the study, prediction and control of chaotic systems [4, 6, 5]. Indeed, ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...