Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... from 50 to 270 ms, with median 110 ms. In area 7a, although the and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, how ...
... from 50 to 270 ms, with median 110 ms. In area 7a, although the and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, how ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders (Forray and Gysling, 2004). The anterior part of the BST receives excitatory inputs primarily from the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSUB) and ...
... neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders (Forray and Gysling, 2004). The anterior part of the BST receives excitatory inputs primarily from the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSUB) and ...
A Cortical Substrate for Memory
... 7 days a week, for 6 months to 1.5 years. After each animal was fully trained, an average of !66,000 trials per rat were collected. Maintaining fixation is likely to require inhibitory control (Narayanan and Laubach, 2006; Munoz and Wurtz, 1992), and individual rats varied in the percentage of trial ...
... 7 days a week, for 6 months to 1.5 years. After each animal was fully trained, an average of !66,000 trials per rat were collected. Maintaining fixation is likely to require inhibitory control (Narayanan and Laubach, 2006; Munoz and Wurtz, 1992), and individual rats varied in the percentage of trial ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... to observe, and beyond the capabilities of most labs. This lesson describes an extracellular recording technique that is much easier to perform, but records the compound or “summed” response from a group of cells, which is why it is called compound action potential (CAP). Although CAP recordings pro ...
... to observe, and beyond the capabilities of most labs. This lesson describes an extracellular recording technique that is much easier to perform, but records the compound or “summed” response from a group of cells, which is why it is called compound action potential (CAP). Although CAP recordings pro ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... connections in such a manner that constitute a network with pacemaker properties. The oscillators have their own discharge frequency, various among different oscillators and dependent on their internal connectivity in spite of close intrinsic electrophysiological properties of single neurons which c ...
... connections in such a manner that constitute a network with pacemaker properties. The oscillators have their own discharge frequency, various among different oscillators and dependent on their internal connectivity in spite of close intrinsic electrophysiological properties of single neurons which c ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited pop ...
... modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited pop ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... the midbrain/hindbrain. In this review, we will focus on the anatomy and connectivity of the habenulae and the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). The latter is a major target of habenular efferent connectivity in all vertebrates and consequently plays a pivotal role in the modulation of nuclei downstrea ...
... the midbrain/hindbrain. In this review, we will focus on the anatomy and connectivity of the habenulae and the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). The latter is a major target of habenular efferent connectivity in all vertebrates and consequently plays a pivotal role in the modulation of nuclei downstrea ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... histograms (PSTHs), and statistical criteria were applied to determine the onset and magnitude of the stimulus-induced responses. Based on the mean rate of spontaneous activity, 99% confidence limits were constructed and displayed on the PSTH of each neuron. Responses to mechanical stimulation were ...
... histograms (PSTHs), and statistical criteria were applied to determine the onset and magnitude of the stimulus-induced responses. Based on the mean rate of spontaneous activity, 99% confidence limits were constructed and displayed on the PSTH of each neuron. Responses to mechanical stimulation were ...
Dynamical Properties of Neuronal Systems with
... spiking activity of large-scale neuronal networks that exhibit several complex network properties. Our main focus lies on the relevance of two particular attributes for the dynamics, namely structural heterogeneity and degree correlations. Although these are fundamental properties of many brain netw ...
... spiking activity of large-scale neuronal networks that exhibit several complex network properties. Our main focus lies on the relevance of two particular attributes for the dynamics, namely structural heterogeneity and degree correlations. Although these are fundamental properties of many brain netw ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a
... While SR in a single element has been verified experimentally using several different models, experimental evidence demonstrating the presence or utility of AESR or CR in physiological neural systems is lacking. Although several different mathematical neural models have been used to investigate AESR ...
... While SR in a single element has been verified experimentally using several different models, experimental evidence demonstrating the presence or utility of AESR or CR in physiological neural systems is lacking. Although several different mathematical neural models have been used to investigate AESR ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... projections from subcortical regions to NAcc elicit aversion. Thus the authors tested whether cortical GABAergic projections could also mediate aversive responses. Indeed, they found that mice refrained from entering a chamber paired with stimulation of GABAergic mPFC fibers in NAcc, suggesting that ...
... projections from subcortical regions to NAcc elicit aversion. Thus the authors tested whether cortical GABAergic projections could also mediate aversive responses. Indeed, they found that mice refrained from entering a chamber paired with stimulation of GABAergic mPFC fibers in NAcc, suggesting that ...
Week 3 – Day 1
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... each rat was cut transversely on a freezing microtome at 100 pm immediately following dissection. Identified spinal cord segments and cauda1 medulla were placed in 10% formalin for at least 12 hr and subsequently sectioned at a thickness of 40 pm. Alternate serial sections were mounted and sealed un ...
... each rat was cut transversely on a freezing microtome at 100 pm immediately following dissection. Identified spinal cord segments and cauda1 medulla were placed in 10% formalin for at least 12 hr and subsequently sectioned at a thickness of 40 pm. Alternate serial sections were mounted and sealed un ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... Wichmann et al. 1994b). These observations indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. It is therefore crucial to know how the activity of STN neurons is regulated for understanding basal ganglia function in motor control. The activity of a neuron is determine ...
... Wichmann et al. 1994b). These observations indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. It is therefore crucial to know how the activity of STN neurons is regulated for understanding basal ganglia function in motor control. The activity of a neuron is determine ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... gustatory receptor normally involved in avoidance behaviors, receive input for both attractive and aversive preferences. We hypothesized that these opposing responses may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expres ...
... gustatory receptor normally involved in avoidance behaviors, receive input for both attractive and aversive preferences. We hypothesized that these opposing responses may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expres ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we used an alternative approach to cortical mapping by investi ...
... subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we used an alternative approach to cortical mapping by investi ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...