The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord
... within the developing chick hindbrain (Itasaki et al., 1996; Grapin-Botton et al., 1997). At spinal cord levels, signals from the somites have been shown to restrict the rostrocaudal spread of clonally related cells (Stern et al., 1991). Moreover, different rostrocaudal domains of the embryonic spin ...
... within the developing chick hindbrain (Itasaki et al., 1996; Grapin-Botton et al., 1997). At spinal cord levels, signals from the somites have been shown to restrict the rostrocaudal spread of clonally related cells (Stern et al., 1991). Moreover, different rostrocaudal domains of the embryonic spin ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... the preceding paper (Watanabe, Obara, Akiyama, and Yumoto, 1967). The method of recording is also similar to that in the preceding paper. Various authors disagree on the location of the pacemaker in the Squilla heart ganglion. Irisawa and Irisawa (1957) state, based on transection experiments, that ...
... the preceding paper (Watanabe, Obara, Akiyama, and Yumoto, 1967). The method of recording is also similar to that in the preceding paper. Various authors disagree on the location of the pacemaker in the Squilla heart ganglion. Irisawa and Irisawa (1957) state, based on transection experiments, that ...
File
... potassium and chloride ions, the membrane potential becomes entirely dominated by the concentration gradient of sodium ions alone, and the resulting potential will be equal to the Nernst potential for sodium. The same holds for each of the other two ions if the membrane should become selectively per ...
... potassium and chloride ions, the membrane potential becomes entirely dominated by the concentration gradient of sodium ions alone, and the resulting potential will be equal to the Nernst potential for sodium. The same holds for each of the other two ions if the membrane should become selectively per ...
Cathepsin B–green fluorescent protein
... produced a flat network, where regular polygons could be distinguished (Fig. 1C,D). Laminin organization in polygonal flat arrays had previously been observed on the surfaces of cultured myotubes, Schwann cells and on embryoid bodies (Colognato et al., 1999; Lohikangas et al., 2001; Tsiper and Yurch ...
... produced a flat network, where regular polygons could be distinguished (Fig. 1C,D). Laminin organization in polygonal flat arrays had previously been observed on the surfaces of cultured myotubes, Schwann cells and on embryoid bodies (Colognato et al., 1999; Lohikangas et al., 2001; Tsiper and Yurch ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions are delineated by low density valleys. In this paper, we study these regions of high bouton density, referring to them as clusters. A smooth density landscape was determined by convolving the bouton locations with a spheric ...
... peaks indicate the regions of high bouton density, and the different regions are delineated by low density valleys. In this paper, we study these regions of high bouton density, referring to them as clusters. A smooth density landscape was determined by convolving the bouton locations with a spheric ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (i.e. the difference between expected and actual rewards) these cells also can signal ...
... (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (i.e. the difference between expected and actual rewards) these cells also can signal ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla in rat receive excitatory synaptic input through anterior and posterior divisions of the sympathetic splanchnic nerve. Upon synaptic stimulation, the adrenal medulla releases the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the suprarena ...
... Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla in rat receive excitatory synaptic input through anterior and posterior divisions of the sympathetic splanchnic nerve. Upon synaptic stimulation, the adrenal medulla releases the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the suprarena ...
18
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
Structure-function relationship in hierarchical model of brain networks
... complete synchronization or coherent collective oscillations and the dynamical regimes, such as asynchronous on-going activity with balancing between excitation and inhibition [23, 125] were examined. However, neural networks display several levels of topological organization that are not well-accou ...
... complete synchronization or coherent collective oscillations and the dynamical regimes, such as asynchronous on-going activity with balancing between excitation and inhibition [23, 125] were examined. However, neural networks display several levels of topological organization that are not well-accou ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... are weakened. An observable consequence is that the shape of the spatial tuning curve of hippocampal place cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal corre ...
... are weakened. An observable consequence is that the shape of the spatial tuning curve of hippocampal place cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal corre ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... opening of voltage-gated channels (Laughlin 2001). Axons threshold out noise by generating signals that are much larger and far sharper than the noise inherent in the axon, allowing signals to maintain their integrity over long distances. Although expensive, action potentials better ensure that info ...
... opening of voltage-gated channels (Laughlin 2001). Axons threshold out noise by generating signals that are much larger and far sharper than the noise inherent in the axon, allowing signals to maintain their integrity over long distances. Although expensive, action potentials better ensure that info ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
... task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while the monkey was fixating. The depression at of the magneticsearch-coiltechnique ( Robinson 1963) . The behavioraltasksaswell asstora ...
A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... The Ube3a YFP mice were mated with wild-type (WT) mice to obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish t ...
... The Ube3a YFP mice were mated with wild-type (WT) mice to obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish t ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
... Johanness Purkinje (1787–1869). Later came the pioneering discovery by Camillo Golgi (1843–1956) who developed method for visualization of neurons which lead Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to propose the concept that the nervous system is made of individual units and not just continuous mass of ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... The use of primary neuronal cultures to study mRNA localization offers distinct advantages to tissue sections, as they permit direct visualization of individual cells and their complete sets of processes. Comparablewith the staging of cultured hippocampal neurons (Dotti et al., 1988), most cortical ...
... The use of primary neuronal cultures to study mRNA localization offers distinct advantages to tissue sections, as they permit direct visualization of individual cells and their complete sets of processes. Comparablewith the staging of cultured hippocampal neurons (Dotti et al., 1988), most cortical ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... 2004). A series of recent studies on pontine respiratory activity in cats using multi-electrode arrays and computational modelling supported this view (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF signi ...
... 2004). A series of recent studies on pontine respiratory activity in cats using multi-electrode arrays and computational modelling supported this view (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF signi ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
NIH Public Access
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...