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World music: Arabic Music
World music: Arabic Music

... Melodic pattern: Arabic music uses a different scale than we do. In their scales, they use very small intervals, like quarter steps (as opposed to half steps). This is one of the most important characteristics of Arabic music. ...
AP Music Theory
AP Music Theory

... 16. Notate and analyze 2 bar counterpoint in 16th-18th century styles 17. Realize a figured bass according to the rules of the Common Practice Period in major and minor utilizing diatonic triads and inversion, seventh chords and inversions, non harmonic tones and secondary dominant and leading tones ...
6560117th_music_terms_glossary_(annotated).
6560117th_music_terms_glossary_(annotated).

... accelerando (accel.)........Gradually increase tempo; speed up (accelerate) accent…………….……….To emphasize by making louder; a sudden loud note. Looks like a tiny decrescendo (arrow). accompaniment….………Instrumental background; the instruments that go along with singing allegro…………….………Quick tempo (fas ...
Film Music
Film Music

... * The leitmotif is a short melodic or harmonic idea which is associated with characters, events, concepts, objects or situations (e.g. ‘Jaws’ and ‘James Bond’). These ideas can undergo considerable thematic and harmonic transformation – where a melodic idea is repeated growing louder and louder and ...
Glossary
Glossary

... Accent A single pitch played or sung with more emphasis than those around it. Accompaniment Music that supports the sound of the featured performer or performers. / The underlying sounds used to support a melody line. Allegro Fast. Articulation Clear rhythm and enunciation words in singing. Body per ...
document - Far Western District
document - Far Western District

... • As we discussed in week 3, a goal of singing barbershop properly is to create and match/reinforce each other’s overtones. To that end, we practice “just intonation.” Fixed pitch instruments (e.g. pianos) are tuned to equal temperament, where the notes play exactly the same regardless of context. J ...
Vocabulary List for Music and Movies
Vocabulary List for Music and Movies

... Motif – a short repeating pattern within music, which can include rhythmic and/or melodic material. Mode – music is generally written in major or minor mode, but there are also other modes, known as medieval modes (see below). Interval – the distance between two notes Texture – the density of the mu ...
Analysis Guide
Analysis Guide

... G. Tone Painting: If there is text or a programmatic intent, how is this reflected in the music (give specific examples) H. Non-harmonic tones: how are non-harmonic tones used, if at all? II. HARMONY (vertical pitch relationships) A. Chord structures: 1. What types of vertical structures are used (t ...
Unit 1 - Carroll County Schools
Unit 1 - Carroll County Schools

... *Explore the half note through movement *Identify two tied quarter notes and half note *Identify half rest *Perform simple ostinato to accompany chants *Perform an American Folk Song Vocabulary: *low do *half note *tied notes *half rest *ostinato *folk song Standards Addressed: *AH-P-SA-S-Mu1: begin ...
Mathematical Properties of the Octatonic “Diminished
Mathematical Properties of the Octatonic “Diminished

... There are only 3 different diminished scales, as if one transposes it up three semitones one repeats the initial scale, only starting a minor third higher. There are two modes, one starting with a tone and the second starting with a semitone (see Uses, 2 nd para). Uses In classical music this is use ...
2 – First Species Counterpoint
2 – First Species Counterpoint

... and 6ths are by far the most prevalent. But even so at no point do more than three thirds or three sixths occur in a row. If too many parallel 3rds or 6ths occur in succession it undermines the sense of two independent voices and sounds like one melody with another in parallel harmony. You will also ...
26. World Music - South Axholme Academy
26. World Music - South Axholme Academy

... If one of the main elements of western music is harmony – chords played by different instruments within the bass and melody lines – then a comparable element of West African music is rhythm. Many people think that traditional drumming in West Africa has no particular pitch. However they would be qui ...
One page overview of set works
One page overview of set works

... interweaving rhythms gives a feeling of movement and shifting texture. It then thins out towards the end (by guitars 5-7 and then the 2 basses fading out) but finishes dramatically with the crescendo and forceful E5 chord. It is polyphonic and guitars play in a canon. Metre and rhythm The piece is i ...
Popular Music Theory - The Academy Of Popular Music
Popular Music Theory - The Academy Of Popular Music

... Seventh chord on the dominant: A minor 7 ...
Vocabulary List for Music and Movies
Vocabulary List for Music and Movies

... Motif – a short repeating pattern within music, which can include rhythmic and/or melodic material. Mode – music is generally written in major or minor mode, but there are also other modes, known as medieval modes Interval – the distance between two notes Texture – the density of the music, relating ...
View printable PDF of 6.3 Analyzing Diatonic Modes
View printable PDF of 6.3 Analyzing Diatonic Modes

... When analyzing to determine the scale or mode of a passage: STEP 1: Find the tonal center. See "tonic by assertion" below. STEP 2: Create a pitch inventory by listing all the notes low to high starting on the tonal center. STEP 3: Determine the scale or mode in use, based on the tonal center and pit ...
Music Center
Music Center

... A specific arrangement of notes of a rhythm or melody. Percussion: One of the four instrumental families whose sounds are produced either by hitting, scraping or shaking. Periods (Musical): A specific period of time in which a certain style of music became popular, delineated by a title, such as Bar ...
Impressionism - The Spirit of Great Oak
Impressionism - The Spirit of Great Oak

... – creates fuzzy harmonies. Traditional harmonic progressions are clean and straight forward. • Think of music written in two different keys at the same time. An example is Debussy’s piano piece, “La Puerta Del Vina.” The right hand plays in one key while the left hand plays in another. Together they ...
Read More About Melody - Seycove Music Composition
Read More About Melody - Seycove Music Composition

... A  melody  is  a  sequence  of  notes  or  pitches,  one  after  the  other,  which  create  the   “tune”  of  a  piece.  Most  times,  when  you  sing  a  song,  you  are  singing  its  melody.   ...
Concepts for the Music Theory Sections of the Graduate Preliminary
Concepts for the Music Theory Sections of the Graduate Preliminary

... down by a half-step, a chromatically-raised pitch resolves up by half-step while a chromatically-lowered pitch must resolve down by half-step. Never double a tendency tone because this necessitates parallel octaves for both tendency tones to be resolved correctly. - No augmented intervals when in ha ...
Score Reading Vocabulary Key signature: The sharps or flats that
Score Reading Vocabulary Key signature: The sharps or flats that

... Score: The written deception of all the individual parts sung or played by each of the voices or instruments in an ensemble Staff: An assembly of horizontal lines and spaces that represent different pitches Measure: A group of beats, indicated by the placement of bar lines on the staff Key: The rela ...
Richland School District Two Orchestra Programs Level 2
Richland School District Two Orchestra Programs Level 2

... o Identify on a staff and fingerboard: Unison, M/m 2nds, M/m 3rds, and octaves. o Identify the number of half and whole steps in major/minor 3rds.  Write on a staff and be able to name the musical symbols introduced in book 2. th  Complete a fingerboard map and write out the scales in the 7 Grade ...
Music Terminology - Clinton Public Schools
Music Terminology - Clinton Public Schools

... beats per measure. The bottom number indicates what kind of note gets one beat. ...
Pavan and Galliard - 8 Key Facts
Pavan and Galliard - 8 Key Facts

... 18. Chords – notes played at the same time – 19. Harmony – this means the same as chords 20. Melody/Tune – this are notes played one after another (separately) 21. Phrase – this is a bit (part) of a melody. Different phrases are put together to make longer complete sounding melodies. 22. Scale – Th ...
Listening Guide and Listening Challenge material: Medieval - Renaissance
Listening Guide and Listening Challenge material: Medieval - Renaissance

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Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony



Sub-Saharan harmony is based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (similar chords changing simultaneously), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme). Polyphony (contrapuntal and ostinato variation) is common in African music and heterophony (the voices move at different times) is a common technique as well. Although these principles of traditional (precolonial and pre-Arab) African music are of pan-African validity, the degree to which they are used in one area over another (or in the same community) varies. Specific techniques that used to generate harmony in Africa are the ""span process"", ""pedal notes"" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), ""Rhythmic harmony"", ""harmony by imitation"", and ""scalar clusters"" (see below for explanation of these terms).
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