theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... recording electrode was determined by the distance (.200 mm) from the polarity reversal of the perforant path-evoked response. After the extracellular and intracellular recordings electrodes were inserted into the brain, and the bone window was covered by a mixture of paraffin and paraffin oil to pr ...
... recording electrode was determined by the distance (.200 mm) from the polarity reversal of the perforant path-evoked response. After the extracellular and intracellular recordings electrodes were inserted into the brain, and the bone window was covered by a mixture of paraffin and paraffin oil to pr ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
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... form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide range of stimuli and firing frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to ...
... form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide range of stimuli and firing frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to ...
EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
... EXAMINATION OF NERVES OF LOWER LIMB OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students should know: •The sensory and motor nerve supplies of the different regions of lower limb •Examination of nerves of lower limb •Significance of lesions of different nerves of lower limb and what abnormality would ...
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... We propose that Neurabin functions as a scaffold to facilitate SAD-1-mediated phosphorylation for substrates specific for restricting axonal fate during neuronal polarization. ...
... We propose that Neurabin functions as a scaffold to facilitate SAD-1-mediated phosphorylation for substrates specific for restricting axonal fate during neuronal polarization. ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... quantity, such as the concentration of a substance or the flux of ions between compartments. The advantage of such models that explicitly describe biophysical processes, is the simplicity with which e.g. channel blockers can be introduced, allowing for “in silico” experiments. On the other hand ther ...
... quantity, such as the concentration of a substance or the flux of ions between compartments. The advantage of such models that explicitly describe biophysical processes, is the simplicity with which e.g. channel blockers can be introduced, allowing for “in silico” experiments. On the other hand ther ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... different ORs, this combinatorial coding scheme could allow for the discrimination of an almost unlimited number of odorants. Even if each odorant were detected by only three ORs, this scheme could potentially generate almost one billion different odor codes. These studies also provided insight into ...
... different ORs, this combinatorial coding scheme could allow for the discrimination of an almost unlimited number of odorants. Even if each odorant were detected by only three ORs, this scheme could potentially generate almost one billion different odor codes. These studies also provided insight into ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branches have smaller diameters than proximal ones. Furthermore, dendrites and axons contain different types of organelles — such as Golgi outposts, found primarily in dendrit ...
... main excitatory synaptic sites that are not found in axons. Unlike axons, dendrites have tapering processes such that distal branches have smaller diameters than proximal ones. Furthermore, dendrites and axons contain different types of organelles — such as Golgi outposts, found primarily in dendrit ...
3-Morpholinylsydnonimine Inhibits Glutamatergic Transmission in
... coupled signaling pathways. Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is ...
... coupled signaling pathways. Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... as small, densely packed, darkly stained nuclei. This layer also contains a few larger Golgi interneurons and, in some cerebellar regions, a smattering of other neurons such as cells of Lugaro, unipolar brush cells, and chandelier cells. The mossy fibers, one of the two principal afferent inputs to ...
... as small, densely packed, darkly stained nuclei. This layer also contains a few larger Golgi interneurons and, in some cerebellar regions, a smattering of other neurons such as cells of Lugaro, unipolar brush cells, and chandelier cells. The mossy fibers, one of the two principal afferent inputs to ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn is reciprocally connected with many visual cortical a ...
... can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn is reciprocally connected with many visual cortical a ...
Variant Median and Absent Musculocutaneous Nerve - Kamla
... performing block dissection of Axilla, reconstructive flap surgeries, treating Humeral fractures by open reduction and even while performing incision and drainage of an Axillary abscess. Presence of such variation should always be kept in mind while testing of muscle after administration of neuromus ...
... performing block dissection of Axilla, reconstructive flap surgeries, treating Humeral fractures by open reduction and even while performing incision and drainage of an Axillary abscess. Presence of such variation should always be kept in mind while testing of muscle after administration of neuromus ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... are characterized by abnormally synchronized population activity. Therefore, reducing cellular response to fast ripple input should help reduce epileptic activity. The second objective is accordingly to investigate whether KA can suppress fast ripple activity. • Objective 3: Reversing nerve cell pat ...
... are characterized by abnormally synchronized population activity. Therefore, reducing cellular response to fast ripple input should help reduce epileptic activity. The second objective is accordingly to investigate whether KA can suppress fast ripple activity. • Objective 3: Reversing nerve cell pat ...
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... spikes propagate, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in the B8 neurons are not recorded. In other systems, synaptic transmission generally occurs when spikes are evoked relatively close to resting membrane potential. Taken together, previous data and these results indicate that our preparation is unique ...
... spikes propagate, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in the B8 neurons are not recorded. In other systems, synaptic transmission generally occurs when spikes are evoked relatively close to resting membrane potential. Taken together, previous data and these results indicate that our preparation is unique ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... activated (AA/M2), growth promoting, macrophages. These two types of macrophages could be involved in different stages, damage and repair, of lesion formation in MS. In the central nervous system (CNS) and specifically in MS relatively little research has been done focusing on the divergent effects ...
... activated (AA/M2), growth promoting, macrophages. These two types of macrophages could be involved in different stages, damage and repair, of lesion formation in MS. In the central nervous system (CNS) and specifically in MS relatively little research has been done focusing on the divergent effects ...
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... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... The present study used 3 saccade tasks (Fig. 1). In both the antisaccade task and the prosaccade task, a gray fixation point (10.7 cd/m2) initially appeared at the center of the screen. After 800 ms, color of the fixation point was changed either to green or red in order to instruct monkeys of the tri ...
... The present study used 3 saccade tasks (Fig. 1). In both the antisaccade task and the prosaccade task, a gray fixation point (10.7 cd/m2) initially appeared at the center of the screen. After 800 ms, color of the fixation point was changed either to green or red in order to instruct monkeys of the tri ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... temporal characteristics of a signal can be seen and calculated. The latent period is the time from stimulus application to neuronal initial response. This is usually a fraction of a millisecond (msec). The time to maximum response can be measured from the initiation of the biological impulse to the ...
... temporal characteristics of a signal can be seen and calculated. The latent period is the time from stimulus application to neuronal initial response. This is usually a fraction of a millisecond (msec). The time to maximum response can be measured from the initiation of the biological impulse to the ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... a single dose. In the case of nicotine, a presynaptic increase in glutamate release through alpha7-containing receptors may represent the trigger for a more enduring plasticity (Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000). On the other hand benzodiazepines trigger the plasticity by dishinibiting the DA neurons vi ...
... a single dose. In the case of nicotine, a presynaptic increase in glutamate release through alpha7-containing receptors may represent the trigger for a more enduring plasticity (Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000). On the other hand benzodiazepines trigger the plasticity by dishinibiting the DA neurons vi ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and a heart rate that can be varied up and down according to circumstance. Ventilation, on the other hand, is a discontinuous activity in the sense that the peripheral organs regulated by central respiratory generators stop their output entirely between each breath and ...
... (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and a heart rate that can be varied up and down according to circumstance. Ventilation, on the other hand, is a discontinuous activity in the sense that the peripheral organs regulated by central respiratory generators stop their output entirely between each breath and ...
Principles of Neural Science
... B. Location and other spatial properties of a stimulus are encoded by the spatial distribution of the population of activated receptors. Each receptor fires action potentials only when the skin close to its sensory terminals is touched, ie, when a stimulus impinges on the receptor's receptive field ...
... B. Location and other spatial properties of a stimulus are encoded by the spatial distribution of the population of activated receptors. Each receptor fires action potentials only when the skin close to its sensory terminals is touched, ie, when a stimulus impinges on the receptor's receptive field ...
Recruitment properties of intramuscular and nerve
... have larger axons, so they tend to be recruited at the lowest stimulation intensities. Because the larger motoneurons innervate large numbers of fast-fatigable muscle fibers, their preferential recruitment results in relatively large increments of force with small changes in stimulus intensity. In a ...
... have larger axons, so they tend to be recruited at the lowest stimulation intensities. Because the larger motoneurons innervate large numbers of fast-fatigable muscle fibers, their preferential recruitment results in relatively large increments of force with small changes in stimulus intensity. In a ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.