Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... were reduced for 10--20 s. This phenomenon has been observed in pyramidal cells of the PFC (Trettel and Levine 2003; Fortin et al. 2004; Bodor et al. 2005) and hippocampus (Pitler and Alger 1992) as well as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (Llano et al. 1991; Brenowitz and Regehr 2003). DSI has ...
... were reduced for 10--20 s. This phenomenon has been observed in pyramidal cells of the PFC (Trettel and Levine 2003; Fortin et al. 2004; Bodor et al. 2005) and hippocampus (Pitler and Alger 1992) as well as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (Llano et al. 1991; Brenowitz and Regehr 2003). DSI has ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... wide-spread feedback in the form of closed sensorimotor loops, the brain is able to distinguish external motion from self-generated movements (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008), update sensory representations (Duhamel et al., 1992) and motor execution (Azim et al., 2014), and optimize active sensation (Kle ...
... wide-spread feedback in the form of closed sensorimotor loops, the brain is able to distinguish external motion from self-generated movements (Angelaki and Cullen, 2008), update sensory representations (Duhamel et al., 1992) and motor execution (Azim et al., 2014), and optimize active sensation (Kle ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... Vaadia and Bergman, 1990). As the authors of the latter study say, most areas of association cortex are "not carrying out any computations for the majority of the time." Motor neuron representations are often described as a population code, where it is proposed that the accuracy of a movement is gui ...
... Vaadia and Bergman, 1990). As the authors of the latter study say, most areas of association cortex are "not carrying out any computations for the majority of the time." Motor neuron representations are often described as a population code, where it is proposed that the accuracy of a movement is gui ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... by muscles. If the bursts in HVC projection neurons occur temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, caus ...
... by muscles. If the bursts in HVC projection neurons occur temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, caus ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... the idea that this same laminar pattern is present (Deacon in preparation; Primrose and Strick 1985). Felleman and Van Essen (1991), however, qualify this conclusion with the remark that "The patterns illustrated in the literature are difficult to interpret unamb i g u o u s l y . . . " , (cf. secti ...
... the idea that this same laminar pattern is present (Deacon in preparation; Primrose and Strick 1985). Felleman and Van Essen (1991), however, qualify this conclusion with the remark that "The patterns illustrated in the literature are difficult to interpret unamb i g u o u s l y . . . " , (cf. secti ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
Optical recording of electrical activity in intact neuronal networks
... neuroscience is how simple processes in neurons can generate cognitive functions and form complex memories like those experienced by humans and animals. In principle, if one were able to record from all the neurons in a network involved in a given behavior, it would be possible to reconstruct the r ...
... neuroscience is how simple processes in neurons can generate cognitive functions and form complex memories like those experienced by humans and animals. In principle, if one were able to record from all the neurons in a network involved in a given behavior, it would be possible to reconstruct the r ...
The neuronal structure of the globus pallidus in the rabbit — Nissl
... neurons with smooth or spiny dendrites and simple or complex terminal dendritic arborisations, which received convergent inputs from intrinsic and extrinsic sources and used gamma-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter. A smaller and separate population of pallidal projection neurons contained acetyloch ...
... neurons with smooth or spiny dendrites and simple or complex terminal dendritic arborisations, which received convergent inputs from intrinsic and extrinsic sources and used gamma-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter. A smaller and separate population of pallidal projection neurons contained acetyloch ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... Analysis was restricted to the medial most portion (1–2 mm) of the corpus callosum, in order to avoid confounds with the adjoining, non-callosal WM. Midline was determined by reference to the midline of the gross brain, as bisected after removal from the skull, and by reference to adjoining structur ...
... Analysis was restricted to the medial most portion (1–2 mm) of the corpus callosum, in order to avoid confounds with the adjoining, non-callosal WM. Midline was determined by reference to the midline of the gross brain, as bisected after removal from the skull, and by reference to adjoining structur ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... and occur in silent as well as spontaneously firing cells (Wilson and Groves 1981). In addition to the large amplitude shifts in membrane potential that occur with UP state transitions, numerous small amplitude noiselike fluctuations in membrane potential appear superimposed on the UP and DOWN state ...
... and occur in silent as well as spontaneously firing cells (Wilson and Groves 1981). In addition to the large amplitude shifts in membrane potential that occur with UP state transitions, numerous small amplitude noiselike fluctuations in membrane potential appear superimposed on the UP and DOWN state ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... and occur in silent as well as spontaneously firing cells (Wilson and Groves 1981). In addition to the large amplitude shifts in membrane potential that occur with UP state transitions, numerous small amplitude noiselike fluctuations in membrane potential appear superimposed on the UP and DOWN state ...
... and occur in silent as well as spontaneously firing cells (Wilson and Groves 1981). In addition to the large amplitude shifts in membrane potential that occur with UP state transitions, numerous small amplitude noiselike fluctuations in membrane potential appear superimposed on the UP and DOWN state ...
BJ4102451460
... their mossy fibers (MF) onto CA3 pyramidal neurons. CA3 neurons send Schaffer collateral (SC) axons to excite CA1 pyramidal neurons, the output of the hippocampus (to EC).[7] Granule neurons project their axons (mossy fibers) onto synapses on CA3 pyramidal neurons. CA3 pyramidal neuron axons (Schaff ...
... their mossy fibers (MF) onto CA3 pyramidal neurons. CA3 neurons send Schaffer collateral (SC) axons to excite CA1 pyramidal neurons, the output of the hippocampus (to EC).[7] Granule neurons project their axons (mossy fibers) onto synapses on CA3 pyramidal neurons. CA3 pyramidal neuron axons (Schaff ...
Neural computations associated with goal-directed choice
... Peak activity for choices over gambles representing both monetary gain and loss from Tom et al. [24] is shown in green. Yellow voxels represent the peak for decisions about charitable donations from Hare et al. [34]. Examples of the stimuli associated with each peak are shown on the right inside a ...
... Peak activity for choices over gambles representing both monetary gain and loss from Tom et al. [24] is shown in green. Yellow voxels represent the peak for decisions about charitable donations from Hare et al. [34]. Examples of the stimuli associated with each peak are shown on the right inside a ...
1. Materials and Methods
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
... action. This was assessed by playing back the sound of the best action through a loudspeaker, and visually inspecting histograms of the response induced by this sound. Full testing of the best and less effective action then involved 3 ‘sensory’ conditions: vision-andsound (‘V+S’), vision-only (‘V’) ...
Advanced biomaterial strategies to transplant preformed micro
... three-dimensional (3D) axonal cytoarchitecture that can be used to (a) facilitate regeneration, (b) directly replace, and/or (c) modulate neural circuits to restore nervous system function, as well as potentially serving as (d) anatomically biofidelic models of brain micro-circuitry (Hopkins et al 20 ...
... three-dimensional (3D) axonal cytoarchitecture that can be used to (a) facilitate regeneration, (b) directly replace, and/or (c) modulate neural circuits to restore nervous system function, as well as potentially serving as (d) anatomically biofidelic models of brain micro-circuitry (Hopkins et al 20 ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
... FIGURE 1. Cholinergic, orexinergic, and other neurons involved in sleep–wake state control. Sagittal schematic view of the rat brain depicting neurons with their chemical neurotransmitters and pathways by which they influence cortical activity or behavior across the sleep–wake cycle. Wake (W) is cha ...
(B) rosiglitazone
... c, Loose patch recordings of POMC neurons from wild-type (WT, POMC-GFP) and POMC-mut-Kir6.2 transgenic mice. Recordings were made for 5–10 min in aCSF solution containing 5mM glucose. Once stable activities were observed, the recording chamber was perfused with aCSF solution containing 3mM glucose ...
... c, Loose patch recordings of POMC neurons from wild-type (WT, POMC-GFP) and POMC-mut-Kir6.2 transgenic mice. Recordings were made for 5–10 min in aCSF solution containing 5mM glucose. Once stable activities were observed, the recording chamber was perfused with aCSF solution containing 3mM glucose ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... approximately 15% per day in primary somatosensory cortex [10] (but see [6,11,12] for potential pitfalls of these quantifications). How, then, is the brain able to maintain stable computational capabilities, stable representations of external and internal features and stable behavioural performance ...
... approximately 15% per day in primary somatosensory cortex [10] (but see [6,11,12] for potential pitfalls of these quantifications). How, then, is the brain able to maintain stable computational capabilities, stable representations of external and internal features and stable behavioural performance ...
The Problem of Consciousness by Francis Crick and
... Technology, where he is Lois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology. He studies how single brain cells process information and the neural basis of motion perception, visual attention, and awareness in mice, monkeys and humans. ...
... Technology, where he is Lois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology. He studies how single brain cells process information and the neural basis of motion perception, visual attention, and awareness in mice, monkeys and humans. ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... simpli cation that the neuronal response properties are primarily determined by the organization of a erent synapses. Lateral interactions between neurons are approximated by simple mathematical functions (e.g. Gaussians) and assumed to be uniform throughout the network; the structured lateral conne ...
... simpli cation that the neuronal response properties are primarily determined by the organization of a erent synapses. Lateral interactions between neurons are approximated by simple mathematical functions (e.g. Gaussians) and assumed to be uniform throughout the network; the structured lateral conne ...
Review on Methods of Selecting Number of Hidden Nodes in
... Abstract - Artificial Neural Networks are most effective and appropriate for pattern recognition and many other real world problems like signal processing, Classification problems. Superior results in pattern recognition can be directly provided in the forecasting, classification and data analysis. ...
... Abstract - Artificial Neural Networks are most effective and appropriate for pattern recognition and many other real world problems like signal processing, Classification problems. Superior results in pattern recognition can be directly provided in the forecasting, classification and data analysis. ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... The basal ganglia (BG) are implicated in many movement disorders, yet how they contribute to movement remains unclear. Using wireless in vivo recording, we measured BG output from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in mice while monitoring their movements with video tracking. The firing rate ...
... The basal ganglia (BG) are implicated in many movement disorders, yet how they contribute to movement remains unclear. Using wireless in vivo recording, we measured BG output from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in mice while monitoring their movements with video tracking. The firing rate ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.