Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... region, the first challenge in examining the neurophysiology of DA systems is to ensure that the neurons recorded are indeed DAergic in nature. The first ...
... region, the first challenge in examining the neurophysiology of DA systems is to ensure that the neurons recorded are indeed DAergic in nature. The first ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a nonmammalian species. We would also argue that they are the most straightforward example of neural correlates of ...
... memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a nonmammalian species. We would also argue that they are the most straightforward example of neural correlates of ...
Neural Prostheses - Gert Cauwenberghs
... surface of the retina or underneath the retina (electrode array not shown for subretinal implant). ...
... surface of the retina or underneath the retina (electrode array not shown for subretinal implant). ...
2 - New Page 1
... • Percentage of REM time is positively correlated with maze-learning performance and during exam time ...
... • Percentage of REM time is positively correlated with maze-learning performance and during exam time ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... (903 AA), and Synpo-T (181 AA). All 3 isoforms specifically interact with alphaactinin and elongate alpha-actinin-induced actin filaments. According data from recent studies, we can suggest that dendritic spines containing sinaptopodin greatly differ in structural and functional properties from the ...
... (903 AA), and Synpo-T (181 AA). All 3 isoforms specifically interact with alphaactinin and elongate alpha-actinin-induced actin filaments. According data from recent studies, we can suggest that dendritic spines containing sinaptopodin greatly differ in structural and functional properties from the ...
PDF file
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
The Premotor Cortex and Mirror Neurons
... everal neurophysiological studies in monkeys demonstrated that neurons of the agranular frontal cortex code goal-related motor acts, such as reaching an object, grasping it, etc., rather than simple movements. In particular, single neurons of ventral premotor area F5 (Figure 1) code the motor goal a ...
... everal neurophysiological studies in monkeys demonstrated that neurons of the agranular frontal cortex code goal-related motor acts, such as reaching an object, grasping it, etc., rather than simple movements. In particular, single neurons of ventral premotor area F5 (Figure 1) code the motor goal a ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... b. Activation of nicotinic receptors causes excitation of the postsynaptic cell. c. Activation of muscarinic receptors can cause either excitation or inhibition depending on the cell that bears the receptors. B. Adrenergic Neurons and Adrenergic Receptors 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepineph ...
... b. Activation of nicotinic receptors causes excitation of the postsynaptic cell. c. Activation of muscarinic receptors can cause either excitation or inhibition depending on the cell that bears the receptors. B. Adrenergic Neurons and Adrenergic Receptors 1. The adrenergic neurons release norepineph ...
Optogenetics Review1 - Department Of Biological Sciences
... C1C2 forms a homodimer at N domain, each monomer may form a channel. C, C-terminal; N, N-terminal; ECL1–3, extracellular loops; ICL1–3, intracellular loops. C. Photocycle of ChR2. A model derived from spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements. For each state, the number is the wavelength of peak ab ...
... C1C2 forms a homodimer at N domain, each monomer may form a channel. C, C-terminal; N, N-terminal; ECL1–3, extracellular loops; ICL1–3, intracellular loops. C. Photocycle of ChR2. A model derived from spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements. For each state, the number is the wavelength of peak ab ...
Letter to Neuroscience
... It would appear that directional information is particularly critical for a rat (and other species) when engaged in locomotor/exploratory behaviors and less so during non-locomotor activities such as grooming or consumatory acts. Accordingly, theta may serve as an important signal involved in the di ...
... It would appear that directional information is particularly critical for a rat (and other species) when engaged in locomotor/exploratory behaviors and less so during non-locomotor activities such as grooming or consumatory acts. Accordingly, theta may serve as an important signal involved in the di ...
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... failures, 26 timeouts), 177 out of 256 intra-hemispheric but interregional competitions were successful (69.1%; 45 failures, 34 timeouts) and 72 out of 112 intra-regional competitions were successful (64.0%; 30 failures, 10 timeouts). There is no significant difference between these groups at the P ...
... failures, 26 timeouts), 177 out of 256 intra-hemispheric but interregional competitions were successful (69.1%; 45 failures, 34 timeouts) and 72 out of 112 intra-regional competitions were successful (64.0%; 30 failures, 10 timeouts). There is no significant difference between these groups at the P ...
Y.I. Molkov, Baroreflex models, Encyclopedia of Computational
... (Adapted from Rogers et al. 2000 with permission) ...
... (Adapted from Rogers et al. 2000 with permission) ...
Zebrafish primary neurons initiate expression of the
... from the cell cycle. This early onset of Isl-1 expression strengthens the suggestion that Isl-1 is involved in the initiation of differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes. Isl-1 is selectively expressed in neurons of the primary nervous system Both the Rohon-Beard cells and the primary motor neu ...
... from the cell cycle. This early onset of Isl-1 expression strengthens the suggestion that Isl-1 is involved in the initiation of differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes. Isl-1 is selectively expressed in neurons of the primary nervous system Both the Rohon-Beard cells and the primary motor neu ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... events: either a cell generates an action potential or it remains silent (Adrian, 1926). If we average, either over long periods of time or over many presentations of the same sensory inputs, then we can recover a continuous description of neural responses in terms of the firing rate or probability ...
... events: either a cell generates an action potential or it remains silent (Adrian, 1926). If we average, either over long periods of time or over many presentations of the same sensory inputs, then we can recover a continuous description of neural responses in terms of the firing rate or probability ...
2 3 1 4 3` SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
... onset of 3-5 mW 594 nm light delivery to thalamus. Note that the low power light has a small, though not significant effect, on T4 and T3 electrodes (located within<0.5 mm from optical fiber; see b) but does not modulate the deep thalamic channels (T2 and T1; ~ 1 mm from the optical fiber; see b). b ...
... onset of 3-5 mW 594 nm light delivery to thalamus. Note that the low power light has a small, though not significant effect, on T4 and T3 electrodes (located within<0.5 mm from optical fiber; see b) but does not modulate the deep thalamic channels (T2 and T1; ~ 1 mm from the optical fiber; see b). b ...
08 - Pierce College
... 30. Most abundant neuron type: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons c. Multipolar neurons 31. Found mostly in the PNS: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons c. Multipolar neurons 32. Characterized by having two processes extending from the neuron cell body: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons ...
... 30. Most abundant neuron type: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons c. Multipolar neurons 31. Found mostly in the PNS: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons c. Multipolar neurons 32. Characterized by having two processes extending from the neuron cell body: a. Bipolar neurons b. Unipolar neurons ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Email: [email protected] ...
... Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Email: [email protected] ...
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... • Neurons that aren’t sending signals are "at rest" • At rest – (relatively) more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron ...
... • Neurons that aren’t sending signals are "at rest" • At rest – (relatively) more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... reward is given for all correct trials, so that the motivational state of the subject is assumed to be the same no matter which stimulus (or stimulus feature) represents the correct response. This model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the mot ...
... reward is given for all correct trials, so that the motivational state of the subject is assumed to be the same no matter which stimulus (or stimulus feature) represents the correct response. This model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the mot ...
Chapter 16: Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System
... • Motor commands of reflexes distributed by ANS ...
... • Motor commands of reflexes distributed by ANS ...
fMRI can see M1, premotor activity Corresponding to Individual
... will fit the training data well but will be unable to predict a different test data well. Conversely, an overly simple function will not be able to capture the true mapping between the regressor and the regressand, thus under-fitting the training data. In our case the number of voxels chosen during ...
... will fit the training data well but will be unable to predict a different test data well. Conversely, an overly simple function will not be able to capture the true mapping between the regressor and the regressand, thus under-fitting the training data. In our case the number of voxels chosen during ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Initial Components: Glutamatergic neurons of parabrachial nucleus (PB), Noradrenergic neurons from Locus Coeruleus (LC), Serotonergic neurons from dorsal and medial raphe (DR), and Dopaminergic periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons. Intermediate Connections: Glutamatergic, Histaminergic, and Orexinergic ...
... Initial Components: Glutamatergic neurons of parabrachial nucleus (PB), Noradrenergic neurons from Locus Coeruleus (LC), Serotonergic neurons from dorsal and medial raphe (DR), and Dopaminergic periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons. Intermediate Connections: Glutamatergic, Histaminergic, and Orexinergic ...
Ch12 notes Martini 9e
... • The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell • It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na+ entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 • At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
... • The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell • It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na+ entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 • At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.