A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical
... the model proposed by Wendling et al. [7]. It consists of four neural populations which communicate via excitatory and inhibitory synapses: pyramidal cells, excitatory interneurons, inhibitory interneurons with slow synaptic kinetics (GABAA,slow ), and inhibitory interneurons with faster synaptic ki ...
... the model proposed by Wendling et al. [7]. It consists of four neural populations which communicate via excitatory and inhibitory synapses: pyramidal cells, excitatory interneurons, inhibitory interneurons with slow synaptic kinetics (GABAA,slow ), and inhibitory interneurons with faster synaptic ki ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... spontaneous activity have been characterized most completely for STN neurons. In these neurons, voltage-gated Na+ channels that inactivate slowly are the primary source of current during the depolarizing phase of the oscillation [57–58]. The period and precision of the oscillation are controlled, at ...
... spontaneous activity have been characterized most completely for STN neurons. In these neurons, voltage-gated Na+ channels that inactivate slowly are the primary source of current during the depolarizing phase of the oscillation [57–58]. The period and precision of the oscillation are controlled, at ...
Now you see it: frontal eye field responses to invisible targets
... one of which was within the receptive field of the FEF neuron under study; on the remaining trials, no target appeared (Fig. 1). On all trials, a ring of bright spots then masked all eight locations. The monkeys’ job was to saccade to the location of the target if it was visible, but to withhold the ...
... one of which was within the receptive field of the FEF neuron under study; on the remaining trials, no target appeared (Fig. 1). On all trials, a ring of bright spots then masked all eight locations. The monkeys’ job was to saccade to the location of the target if it was visible, but to withhold the ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... neuronal processes that are crucially associated with perceptual decision-making. In the ideal case, the neuronal signals do indeed reflect the shift in perceptual appearance, because the external stimulus delivered to the sensory receptors remains the same. Thus, (it is argued) these particular neu ...
... neuronal processes that are crucially associated with perceptual decision-making. In the ideal case, the neuronal signals do indeed reflect the shift in perceptual appearance, because the external stimulus delivered to the sensory receptors remains the same. Thus, (it is argued) these particular neu ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... Fast frequencies appeared often as a wide-band signal modulated by other slower rhythms. This aspect was illustrated with the help of the envelope of the fast-filtered signal (20-60 Hz) (see Fig. IB). An envelope rides over the peaks of the oscillation and is generated by the rectification of the si ...
... Fast frequencies appeared often as a wide-band signal modulated by other slower rhythms. This aspect was illustrated with the help of the envelope of the fast-filtered signal (20-60 Hz) (see Fig. IB). An envelope rides over the peaks of the oscillation and is generated by the rectification of the si ...
Regulation of rCBF by Diffusible Signals: An Analysis of Constraints
... taken from gray matter. They take this to suggest that NO generated from parenchymal NOS activity plays an important role in the cerebrovascular response to somatosensory stimulation. The time-course of hernodynamic responses to changes in neural activity ...
... taken from gray matter. They take this to suggest that NO generated from parenchymal NOS activity plays an important role in the cerebrovascular response to somatosensory stimulation. The time-course of hernodynamic responses to changes in neural activity ...
Neural computations associated with goal
... However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate ...
... However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... of amplitude of slow 1-4 Hz oscillations (delta) and the accompanying alpha power could even increase at the same time (Childers and Perry 1970, Bekisz and Wróbel 1993, 1999, Herculano-Houzel et al. 1999). Interesting from this point of view are observations of increased beta activity in subjects ha ...
... of amplitude of slow 1-4 Hz oscillations (delta) and the accompanying alpha power could even increase at the same time (Childers and Perry 1970, Bekisz and Wróbel 1993, 1999, Herculano-Houzel et al. 1999). Interesting from this point of view are observations of increased beta activity in subjects ha ...
The honeybee as a model for understanding the basis of cognition
... faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components of a particular memory have been identified and characterized. The small size of the bee brain offers the opportunity to trace neural plasticity to specified neural circuits 9 and to single neurons7, ...
... faculties6–8. Patterns of activity in synaptic ensembles and of single neurons that store components of a particular memory have been identified and characterized. The small size of the bee brain offers the opportunity to trace neural plasticity to specified neural circuits 9 and to single neurons7, ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... through an inserted electrical synapse due to negative charge flowing from We first considered the salt sensing from ASER to ASEL (Fig. 3A, middle). AWC into AIY through the new electrical neurons ASEL and ASER. The original C. We were thus able to introduce a qualita- synapse (Fig. 3B, middle). Alt ...
... through an inserted electrical synapse due to negative charge flowing from We first considered the salt sensing from ASER to ASEL (Fig. 3A, middle). AWC into AIY through the new electrical neurons ASEL and ASER. The original C. We were thus able to introduce a qualita- synapse (Fig. 3B, middle). Alt ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... Dense Statistical Connectome of Rat Barrel Cortex Daniel Udvary, Robert Egger, Vincent J. Dercksen, and Marcel Oberlaender Synaptic connectivity is one important constrain for cortical signal flow and function. Consequently, a complete synaptic connectivity map (i.e., connectome) of a cortical area ...
... Dense Statistical Connectome of Rat Barrel Cortex Daniel Udvary, Robert Egger, Vincent J. Dercksen, and Marcel Oberlaender Synaptic connectivity is one important constrain for cortical signal flow and function. Consequently, a complete synaptic connectivity map (i.e., connectome) of a cortical area ...
Brains of Primitive Chordates - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... The jawless cyclostomes, lampreys and hagfish, constitute a basic clade of craniates that shows the major features of brain organization also found in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Externally, the brain of extant cyclostomes consists of a bilaterally symmetric rostral enlargement, the forebrain ...
... The jawless cyclostomes, lampreys and hagfish, constitute a basic clade of craniates that shows the major features of brain organization also found in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Externally, the brain of extant cyclostomes consists of a bilaterally symmetric rostral enlargement, the forebrain ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical fluctuations. We show that this stochastic dynamical approach can be used to help understand not only whether signals are perceptually detected on individual trials, but also how probabilistic decis ...
... outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical fluctuations. We show that this stochastic dynamical approach can be used to help understand not only whether signals are perceptually detected on individual trials, but also how probabilistic decis ...
A Biologically Plausible Spiking Neuron Model of Fear Conditioning
... of dynamics, which we will not be considering in detail here. The single neuron model used in the fear conditioning circuit presented here is the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron. While the NEF can support a wide variety of neural models, there are advantages to choosing LIF neurons: they captu ...
... of dynamics, which we will not be considering in detail here. The single neuron model used in the fear conditioning circuit presented here is the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron. While the NEF can support a wide variety of neural models, there are advantages to choosing LIF neurons: they captu ...
Integrating Optogenetic and Pharmacological Approaches to Study
... occur on a millisecond timescale. Therefore, tools to measure and manipulate electrical activity and synaptic neurotransmission with physiologically relevant precision are essential to understand the neural basis of normal and maladaptive behavior. Traditional electrophysiological tools operate with ...
... occur on a millisecond timescale. Therefore, tools to measure and manipulate electrical activity and synaptic neurotransmission with physiologically relevant precision are essential to understand the neural basis of normal and maladaptive behavior. Traditional electrophysiological tools operate with ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... A holding signal is generated by neurons in the INC. On receiving the pulsed excitation from RiMLF axons, INC neurons transduce this signal into a very long-lasting chain of action potentials. Since INC neurons project their axons into the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, they transmit the long-last ...
... A holding signal is generated by neurons in the INC. On receiving the pulsed excitation from RiMLF axons, INC neurons transduce this signal into a very long-lasting chain of action potentials. Since INC neurons project their axons into the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, they transmit the long-last ...
Modeling Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive-Affective Interaction Abninder Litt () Chris Eliasmith ()
... A key advantage of opponent systems for positive and negative reward prediction error is that we can distinctly calibrate outputs from these systems to other brain areas. Because prediction error is in effect a measurement of surprise, we hypothesize that one target of such outputs is the amygdala, ...
... A key advantage of opponent systems for positive and negative reward prediction error is that we can distinctly calibrate outputs from these systems to other brain areas. Because prediction error is in effect a measurement of surprise, we hypothesize that one target of such outputs is the amygdala, ...
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary
... occurring during natural movements, which are much weaker than those observed during repetitive, stereotyped behaviors typically used in experimental settings. To relate motion of the entire upper limb to neural activity, we combined marker-based motion capture techniques capable of measuring 25 ind ...
... occurring during natural movements, which are much weaker than those observed during repetitive, stereotyped behaviors typically used in experimental settings. To relate motion of the entire upper limb to neural activity, we combined marker-based motion capture techniques capable of measuring 25 ind ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... Figure 2. Analysis of firing activity of VTA DA neurons in rats passively exposed to nicotine. A, B, Scatterplots showing the pulses at frequencies of 100 Hz or greater, and bursting activity as a function of firing rate of individual neurons for rats receiving continuous saline (pump-SAL) or nicoti ...
... Figure 2. Analysis of firing activity of VTA DA neurons in rats passively exposed to nicotine. A, B, Scatterplots showing the pulses at frequencies of 100 Hz or greater, and bursting activity as a function of firing rate of individual neurons for rats receiving continuous saline (pump-SAL) or nicoti ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... receptive field. Gratings drifted orthogonally relative to their orientations in 12 different directions (0, 30, 60, …, 330°). The spatial frequency, size, and moving speed of the gratings were 2.4°/cycle, 12°, and 2°/s, respectively. The choice of these values was driven by the typical response prop ...
... receptive field. Gratings drifted orthogonally relative to their orientations in 12 different directions (0, 30, 60, …, 330°). The spatial frequency, size, and moving speed of the gratings were 2.4°/cycle, 12°, and 2°/s, respectively. The choice of these values was driven by the typical response prop ...
3- Hopfield networks
... In 1982, John Hopfield introduced an artificial neural network to store and retrieve memory like the human brain. Here, a neuron either is on (firing) or is off (not firing), a vast simplification of the real situation. The state of a neuron (on: +1 or off: -1) will be renewed depending on the input ...
... In 1982, John Hopfield introduced an artificial neural network to store and retrieve memory like the human brain. Here, a neuron either is on (firing) or is off (not firing), a vast simplification of the real situation. The state of a neuron (on: +1 or off: -1) will be renewed depending on the input ...
A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... A number of techniques have been employed to classify spike shape. These spikes can be classified by characteristics such as amplitude and temporal features. Two of the classical optimal methods applied to neural spike classification are Template Matching (TM) and Principal Component analysis (PC) [ ...
... A number of techniques have been employed to classify spike shape. These spikes can be classified by characteristics such as amplitude and temporal features. Two of the classical optimal methods applied to neural spike classification are Template Matching (TM) and Principal Component analysis (PC) [ ...
File - McMurray VMC
... Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness. Termed our “biological clock,” it can be altered by artificial light. ...
... Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness. Termed our “biological clock,” it can be altered by artificial light. ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.