Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... These results show that transforming an originally stationary image into one that varies spatiotemporally—thus mimicking real fixational eye movements—enhances retinal activity. Single-unit response profiles to fixational movements For the analysis of single-unit activity, we used idealized step-li ...
... These results show that transforming an originally stationary image into one that varies spatiotemporally—thus mimicking real fixational eye movements—enhances retinal activity. Single-unit response profiles to fixational movements For the analysis of single-unit activity, we used idealized step-li ...
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10:1
... input to the M1 model described here because they interfaced naturally with the arm model used to generate the input data. Real arms have redundant degrees of freedom, allowing multiple postures to reach the same point in space. We used a two-dimensional arm to avoid this ill-posed problem because w ...
... input to the M1 model described here because they interfaced naturally with the arm model used to generate the input data. Real arms have redundant degrees of freedom, allowing multiple postures to reach the same point in space. We used a two-dimensional arm to avoid this ill-posed problem because w ...
Small Networks
... • “Noise…poses a fundamental problem for information processing and affects all aspects of nervous-system function.” (Faisal et al, 2008) • In the context of the “neural code”… – For rate code: “variations in inter-spike intervals might be considered unwanted noise.” – For temporal code: “variabilit ...
... • “Noise…poses a fundamental problem for information processing and affects all aspects of nervous-system function.” (Faisal et al, 2008) • In the context of the “neural code”… – For rate code: “variations in inter-spike intervals might be considered unwanted noise.” – For temporal code: “variabilit ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... (J. Yan and N. Suga, unpublished observations), but did not at all reduce the responses of three thalamic and one collicular DSCF neuron tested. Muscimol applied to the DSCF area had no effect on thalamic FM-FM neurons, which were located immediately dorsomedial to thalamic DSCF neurons. These contr ...
... (J. Yan and N. Suga, unpublished observations), but did not at all reduce the responses of three thalamic and one collicular DSCF neuron tested. Muscimol applied to the DSCF area had no effect on thalamic FM-FM neurons, which were located immediately dorsomedial to thalamic DSCF neurons. These contr ...
Evolving Connectionist and Fuzzy-Connectionist Systems for
... all case neurons with activation above an activation threshold ( Athr) ("many-ofon" mode) is passed to the next level of neurons. Evolving can be achieved in both supervised and unsupervised modes. In a supervised mode the final decision which class (e.g., phoneme) the current vector x belongs to, i ...
... all case neurons with activation above an activation threshold ( Athr) ("many-ofon" mode) is passed to the next level of neurons. Evolving can be achieved in both supervised and unsupervised modes. In a supervised mode the final decision which class (e.g., phoneme) the current vector x belongs to, i ...
Beyond Control: The Dynamics of Brain-Body
... Although our earliest work on the evolution of walking utilized a traditional binary genetic algorithm, we switched to a real-valued evolutionary algorithm in subsequent work (Bäck, 1996). In this case, each individual is encoded as a vector of real numbers representing the time constants, biases a ...
... Although our earliest work on the evolution of walking utilized a traditional binary genetic algorithm, we switched to a real-valued evolutionary algorithm in subsequent work (Bäck, 1996). In this case, each individual is encoded as a vector of real numbers representing the time constants, biases a ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... inflammatory pain within two hours as previously reported (Yu et al. 2009). All behavioral tests were performed by observers blinded to the experimental conditions as previously reported (Yu et al. 2009). To assess heat hypersensitivity, rats were placed in a plastic chamber on the surface of a 2 mm ...
... inflammatory pain within two hours as previously reported (Yu et al. 2009). All behavioral tests were performed by observers blinded to the experimental conditions as previously reported (Yu et al. 2009). To assess heat hypersensitivity, rats were placed in a plastic chamber on the surface of a 2 mm ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... underlying computations remains rather limited. This fact stands in contrast with a wide variety of speculative theories about how action recognition might work, and how it might interact with other cognitive brain functions. This review focuses on new fundamental electrophysiological results in mon ...
... underlying computations remains rather limited. This fact stands in contrast with a wide variety of speculative theories about how action recognition might work, and how it might interact with other cognitive brain functions. This review focuses on new fundamental electrophysiological results in mon ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... discuss some new methodological innovations that tackle these challenges. Keywords: inferior temporal cortex; pair-association memory; prefrontal cortex; top-down signal; fMRI of macaque monkeys; local neuronal circuit ...
... discuss some new methodological innovations that tackle these challenges. Keywords: inferior temporal cortex; pair-association memory; prefrontal cortex; top-down signal; fMRI of macaque monkeys; local neuronal circuit ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... cats, rats and guinea pigs. We studied the effect of cortical deactivation on the association of neural activity within the thalamus during spontaneous activity. The corticofugal influence was suppressed by temporary cooling of the auditory cortex. Pairs of spike trains recorded from the same electr ...
... cats, rats and guinea pigs. We studied the effect of cortical deactivation on the association of neural activity within the thalamus during spontaneous activity. The corticofugal influence was suppressed by temporary cooling of the auditory cortex. Pairs of spike trains recorded from the same electr ...
AND X 2
... Error, Err : The error value is the amount by which the value output by the network differs from the training value. For example, if we required the network to output 0 and it output a 1, then Err = -1 G51IAI – Introduction to AI ...
... Error, Err : The error value is the amount by which the value output by the network differs from the training value. For example, if we required the network to output 0 and it output a 1, then Err = -1 G51IAI – Introduction to AI ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
... Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
... exact relationship between the measured fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural signals and fMRI responses. We compared local ®eld potentials (LFPs), single- and multi-unit spiking activity with highly spatio-temporal ...
... exact relationship between the measured fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural signals and fMRI responses. We compared local ®eld potentials (LFPs), single- and multi-unit spiking activity with highly spatio-temporal ...
LETTER RECOGNITION USING BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM
... Second chapter is to presents the background of the system including the overview of technique that will be used, the existing systems and proposed system. Third chapter is to discuss of methodology used for the application development. It includes and depict on the system development life cycle inc ...
... Second chapter is to presents the background of the system including the overview of technique that will be used, the existing systems and proposed system. Third chapter is to discuss of methodology used for the application development. It includes and depict on the system development life cycle inc ...
Coupled Noisy Spiking Neurons as Velocity-Controlled
... One of the two primary classes of models of grid cell spatial firing uses interference between oscillators at dynamically modulated frequencies. Generally, these models are presented in terms of idealized oscillators (modeled as sinusoids), which differ from biological oscillators in multiple import ...
... One of the two primary classes of models of grid cell spatial firing uses interference between oscillators at dynamically modulated frequencies. Generally, these models are presented in terms of idealized oscillators (modeled as sinusoids), which differ from biological oscillators in multiple import ...
A Small World of Neuronal Synchrony
... called ‘‘small-world’’ properties. A small-world network exhibits a connectivity that constitutes a compromise between random and nearest neighbor regimes resulting in a short average path length despite the predominance of local connections (Watts and Strogatz 1998; Sporns et al. 2004; Bassett and ...
... called ‘‘small-world’’ properties. A small-world network exhibits a connectivity that constitutes a compromise between random and nearest neighbor regimes resulting in a short average path length despite the predominance of local connections (Watts and Strogatz 1998; Sporns et al. 2004; Bassett and ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... Reception rate of neurotransmitters for each neuron: included in the spike reception rate ...
... Reception rate of neurotransmitters for each neuron: included in the spike reception rate ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... moved along simulated 3D trajectories 45° apart in spherical coordinates. The diagram illustrates the 4 planes along which stimuli were moved. B. A typical single neuron from the nucleus rotundus of pigeons exhibiting clear selectivity for a looming visual stimulus. Firing rate is plotted for the di ...
... moved along simulated 3D trajectories 45° apart in spherical coordinates. The diagram illustrates the 4 planes along which stimuli were moved. B. A typical single neuron from the nucleus rotundus of pigeons exhibiting clear selectivity for a looming visual stimulus. Firing rate is plotted for the di ...
Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their
... neurons was quantified in fixed brain sections (see Methods). The analysis was restricted to neurons at the periphery of the injection sites to avoid measurements from superinfected cells in the center of the injections. As shown in Fig. 1, the ␣-CaMKII promoter-based vectors FCK(0.4)GW and FCK(1.3) ...
... neurons was quantified in fixed brain sections (see Methods). The analysis was restricted to neurons at the periphery of the injection sites to avoid measurements from superinfected cells in the center of the injections. As shown in Fig. 1, the ␣-CaMKII promoter-based vectors FCK(0.4)GW and FCK(1.3) ...
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... synaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory cells. These models assume that grid-like firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attrac ...
... synaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory cells. These models assume that grid-like firing patterns are the result of computation of location from velocity inputs, with additional spatial input required to oppose drift in the attractor state. We focus on properties of continuous attrac ...
The Basal Ganglia Anatomy, Physiology, etc. Overview
... strongest output going to motor areas – Ventral thalamus also projects to striatum, forming a potential feedback circuit – Basal ganglia motor output has a somatotopic organization such that the body below the neck is largely represented in GPi, and the head and eyes are largely represented in SNp ...
... strongest output going to motor areas – Ventral thalamus also projects to striatum, forming a potential feedback circuit – Basal ganglia motor output has a somatotopic organization such that the body below the neck is largely represented in GPi, and the head and eyes are largely represented in SNp ...
MirrorBot Report 6
... visual cortex model. Right part of the figure shows the two cortical surfaces, displaying at the location of each neuron the pixel that is at the centre of its receptive field. This has to be related to figure 1.3. 1.2.2. Contrast detection Once the centres and sizes of cortical filters are defined ...
... visual cortex model. Right part of the figure shows the two cortical surfaces, displaying at the location of each neuron the pixel that is at the centre of its receptive field. This has to be related to figure 1.3. 1.2.2. Contrast detection Once the centres and sizes of cortical filters are defined ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.