Lecture 14
... Once the network is trained, it will provide the desired output for any of the input patterns. Let’s now look at how the training works. The network is first initialised by setting up all its weights to be small random numbers - say between -1 and +1. Next, the input pattern is applied and the outpu ...
... Once the network is trained, it will provide the desired output for any of the input patterns. Let’s now look at how the training works. The network is first initialised by setting up all its weights to be small random numbers - say between -1 and +1. Next, the input pattern is applied and the outpu ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... Figure 2 Threshold detection by burst discharge in the superior colliculus network. (a) SCe neurons display a strong burst of spikes (top) only when the input exceeds a certain threshold level (bottom). Each input and its corresponding SCe response are plotted with the same color. Note that a larger ...
... Figure 2 Threshold detection by burst discharge in the superior colliculus network. (a) SCe neurons display a strong burst of spikes (top) only when the input exceeds a certain threshold level (bottom). Each input and its corresponding SCe response are plotted with the same color. Note that a larger ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... synaptic activations sufficient to increase the post-synaptic neuron’s membrane potential above a certain threshold, the neuron will fire, sending a spike down its axon. Our simulations use single-compartment phenomenological spiking neurons [19] that capture the essential properties of synaptic int ...
... synaptic activations sufficient to increase the post-synaptic neuron’s membrane potential above a certain threshold, the neuron will fire, sending a spike down its axon. Our simulations use single-compartment phenomenological spiking neurons [19] that capture the essential properties of synaptic int ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Guillermo Ortega, Markus Bongard, Enrique Louis, Eduardo Fernandez Rate synchronization as a deterministic signal in neural spike trains ...
... Guillermo Ortega, Markus Bongard, Enrique Louis, Eduardo Fernandez Rate synchronization as a deterministic signal in neural spike trains ...
A Synapse Plasticity Model for Conceptual Drift Problems Ashwin Ram ()
... The network is allowed to propagate action potentials until all action potentials have propagated in the network (reached output neurons or were filtered). At each timestep, the values of the output nodes are noted, and once complete, the resulting “spike train” is analyzed for output. Biological ne ...
... The network is allowed to propagate action potentials until all action potentials have propagated in the network (reached output neurons or were filtered). At each timestep, the values of the output nodes are noted, and once complete, the resulting “spike train” is analyzed for output. Biological ne ...
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... single-neuron level, spike discharges of cortical cells are highly irregular, characterized by some measures as approximate Poisson processes (862, 884), hence far from behaving as clocklike oscillators. Synaptic inputs to cortical neurons measured in vivo also display large stochastic fluctuations ...
... single-neuron level, spike discharges of cortical cells are highly irregular, characterized by some measures as approximate Poisson processes (862, 884), hence far from behaving as clocklike oscillators. Synaptic inputs to cortical neurons measured in vivo also display large stochastic fluctuations ...
Detecting Action Potentials in Neuronal Populations with Calcium
... the use of multielectrode recordings. For example, in the retina microelectrode arrays permit the simultaneous recordings of dozen or hundreds of neurons (7). This approach, and particularly recordings with few electrodes, has the disadvantage of sampling only a small proportion of the neurons in a ...
... the use of multielectrode recordings. For example, in the retina microelectrode arrays permit the simultaneous recordings of dozen or hundreds of neurons (7). This approach, and particularly recordings with few electrodes, has the disadvantage of sampling only a small proportion of the neurons in a ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... to the interior of the cell. Recordings were aborted if the membrane potential of a neuron depolarized to 240 mV or greater, and /or if a ruptured patch “resealed” and could not be ruptured again. Data were low-pass filtered at 10 kHz and digitized with an I TC -16 (Instrutech, Great Neck, N Y) at 2 ...
... to the interior of the cell. Recordings were aborted if the membrane potential of a neuron depolarized to 240 mV or greater, and /or if a ruptured patch “resealed” and could not be ruptured again. Data were low-pass filtered at 10 kHz and digitized with an I TC -16 (Instrutech, Great Neck, N Y) at 2 ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... All data were recorded during natural vocal communication behaviors. We employed interactive playback software to engage subjects in their naturally occurring antiphonal calling behavior (Miller et al. 2009a; Miller and Thomas 2012). Similarly to other NHP contact calls, the marmoset phee call produ ...
... All data were recorded during natural vocal communication behaviors. We employed interactive playback software to engage subjects in their naturally occurring antiphonal calling behavior (Miller et al. 2009a; Miller and Thomas 2012). Similarly to other NHP contact calls, the marmoset phee call produ ...
How is the stimulus represented in the nervous system?
... Spike timing in the stimulus response can contribute to the representation in the brain. (1) Note the periodic responses at the frequencies of components of the stimulus (e.g. F1, F2, and F3 for the /da/ below). Using this information requires a central processor sensitive to temporal patterns. (2) ...
... Spike timing in the stimulus response can contribute to the representation in the brain. (1) Note the periodic responses at the frequencies of components of the stimulus (e.g. F1, F2, and F3 for the /da/ below). Using this information requires a central processor sensitive to temporal patterns. (2) ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... on the skull. One with stereotaxic coordinate of AP -0.8 to 1.3 mm, Lateral 3-4 mm (GP recording, with a 10 degree angle) and the other at AP -3.2 to -3.9, Lateral 2.1-2.7 mm (STN recording). The recording electrodes were advanced to reach the target coordinates of the GP (5.5-5.7 mm below the brain ...
... on the skull. One with stereotaxic coordinate of AP -0.8 to 1.3 mm, Lateral 3-4 mm (GP recording, with a 10 degree angle) and the other at AP -3.2 to -3.9, Lateral 2.1-2.7 mm (STN recording). The recording electrodes were advanced to reach the target coordinates of the GP (5.5-5.7 mm below the brain ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... information is known as multisensory integration (MI). MI occurs through neural processing that combines sensory information from multiple sources and multiple sensory pathways at some single point or across a circuit (Stein & Stanford, 2008). MI functions as part of the convergence processing that ...
... information is known as multisensory integration (MI). MI occurs through neural processing that combines sensory information from multiple sources and multiple sensory pathways at some single point or across a circuit (Stein & Stanford, 2008). MI functions as part of the convergence processing that ...
Presentation Slides
... heart rate blood pressure learning and memory sensorimotor gating anxiety aggression ...
... heart rate blood pressure learning and memory sensorimotor gating anxiety aggression ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... inhibits synaptic DA/NE reuptake, as well as it antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These dual actions explain of its effects as an AD and smoke cessation (Dwoskin et al. 2006). Inhibition of DA reuptake, increase the synaptic availability of DA to presynaptic membrane autorecepto ...
... inhibits synaptic DA/NE reuptake, as well as it antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These dual actions explain of its effects as an AD and smoke cessation (Dwoskin et al. 2006). Inhibition of DA reuptake, increase the synaptic availability of DA to presynaptic membrane autorecepto ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... during their sixth year, i.e. after acquiring the ability to reflect on what others are thinking and attribute mental states accordingly. In other words, one must possess a state of cognitive maturity on a functional level to be susceptible to echokinetic yawning. Consequently, there is a phenomenol ...
... during their sixth year, i.e. after acquiring the ability to reflect on what others are thinking and attribute mental states accordingly. In other words, one must possess a state of cognitive maturity on a functional level to be susceptible to echokinetic yawning. Consequently, there is a phenomenol ...
from discrete neuronal ensembles to serial order
... supports the idea that the cortex is an information merging device allowing single neurons to represent and process information from various motor and sensory modalities. Looking more closely at the structure of the cortical connections, it becomes obvious from animal studies that most primary corti ...
... supports the idea that the cortex is an information merging device allowing single neurons to represent and process information from various motor and sensory modalities. Looking more closely at the structure of the cortical connections, it becomes obvious from animal studies that most primary corti ...
ppt
... • Sequin and Clay [5] use stuck-at fault model to describe the effects of faults in ANNs. • Chiu et al. [8] use a procedure that injected different types of faults into a neural network during training process. • Another form of fault injection is training with noisy inputs. This noise is similar to ...
... • Sequin and Clay [5] use stuck-at fault model to describe the effects of faults in ANNs. • Chiu et al. [8] use a procedure that injected different types of faults into a neural network during training process. • Another form of fault injection is training with noisy inputs. This noise is similar to ...
Gain-of-function mutation in Nav 1.7 in familial
... mV depolarizing shift in fast inactivation, which is expected to increase the fraction of channels available for activation close to resting potential. Increased overlap between activation and steady-state inactivation for F1449V channels also increases the predicted window current. These changes ea ...
... mV depolarizing shift in fast inactivation, which is expected to increase the fraction of channels available for activation close to resting potential. Increased overlap between activation and steady-state inactivation for F1449V channels also increases the predicted window current. These changes ea ...
Effect of deep brain stimulation on substantia nigra neurons in a
... DBS is a surgical treatment method developed in the last decade, and is recognized as a new milestone for treatment of PD since the introduction of levodopa. Through continuous high-frequency stimulation regulating neural network function, DBS realigns the balance in basal ganglia motor circuits, wh ...
... DBS is a surgical treatment method developed in the last decade, and is recognized as a new milestone for treatment of PD since the introduction of levodopa. Through continuous high-frequency stimulation regulating neural network function, DBS realigns the balance in basal ganglia motor circuits, wh ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Analysis of Back Propagation of Neural Network Method in the
... learning mechanism. Information is stored in the weight matrix of a neural network. Learning is the determination of the weights. All learning methods used for adaptive neural networks can be classified into two major categories: supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning inc ...
... learning mechanism. Information is stored in the weight matrix of a neural network. Learning is the determination of the weights. All learning methods used for adaptive neural networks can be classified into two major categories: supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning inc ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... single-neuron level, spike discharges of cortical cells are highly irregular, characterized by some measures as approximate Poisson processes (862, 884), hence far from behaving as clocklike oscillators. Synaptic inputs to cortical neurons measured in vivo also display large stochastic fluctuations ...
... single-neuron level, spike discharges of cortical cells are highly irregular, characterized by some measures as approximate Poisson processes (862, 884), hence far from behaving as clocklike oscillators. Synaptic inputs to cortical neurons measured in vivo also display large stochastic fluctuations ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.