Behavioural Brain Research Multisensory contributions to the
... involved. Computational models explicitly link neurophysiological and behavioural experimental observations by the construction and simulation of microscopic models based on local networks with large numbers of neurons and synapses that lead to the desired global behaviour of the whole system. Bioph ...
... involved. Computational models explicitly link neurophysiological and behavioural experimental observations by the construction and simulation of microscopic models based on local networks with large numbers of neurons and synapses that lead to the desired global behaviour of the whole system. Bioph ...
Slide 1
... • Chewing is more obviously complicated than alternating jaw-opening and jaw-closing reflexes. • Several models have been proposed to account for rhythmic jaw movements and sensory input interactions with proposed rhythm generators. • These reflexes perform useful functions when the body is in movem ...
... • Chewing is more obviously complicated than alternating jaw-opening and jaw-closing reflexes. • Several models have been proposed to account for rhythmic jaw movements and sensory input interactions with proposed rhythm generators. • These reflexes perform useful functions when the body is in movem ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... Fisher information increases without limit, when the effective range of correlation is very short or very long. These results are based on the simple additive noise correlation. Eurich and Wilke (2000) used the general multiplicative case and showed that the Fisher information increases proportional ...
... Fisher information increases without limit, when the effective range of correlation is very short or very long. These results are based on the simple additive noise correlation. Eurich and Wilke (2000) used the general multiplicative case and showed that the Fisher information increases proportional ...
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad
... information? What is cognition? What are emotions? What makes up intelligence? While we do know some details about these questions, the essence of how the brain functions still eludes us. At the time of writing this manual, major scientific endeavors are looking to map all of the neuronal connection ...
... information? What is cognition? What are emotions? What makes up intelligence? While we do know some details about these questions, the essence of how the brain functions still eludes us. At the time of writing this manual, major scientific endeavors are looking to map all of the neuronal connection ...
CHARLES UNIVERSITY
... vitro and it compares the experimental biochemical models (low-Mg2+, high-K+, Carbachol, Bicuculline and 4-Aminopyridine model). These changes in the environment of slice should evoke the epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue of the rat. The final aim of the thesis is to create an experimental ...
... vitro and it compares the experimental biochemical models (low-Mg2+, high-K+, Carbachol, Bicuculline and 4-Aminopyridine model). These changes in the environment of slice should evoke the epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue of the rat. The final aim of the thesis is to create an experimental ...
ling411-11-Columns - OWL-Space
... I – dendritic tufts of pyramidal neurons • No cell bodies in this layer II, III – pyramidal neurons of these layers project to other cortical areas IV – spiny stellate cells, receive activation from thalamus and transmit it to other neurons of same column V, VI – pyramidal neurons of these l ...
... I – dendritic tufts of pyramidal neurons • No cell bodies in this layer II, III – pyramidal neurons of these layers project to other cortical areas IV – spiny stellate cells, receive activation from thalamus and transmit it to other neurons of same column V, VI – pyramidal neurons of these l ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... direction-selective circuits in primary visual cortex [22]. We first show, using a detailed biophysical model of a recurrent cortical network, that an asymmetric pattern of intracortical connections can develop as a consequence of temporally asymmetric spike-timing dependent plasticity. Such a form ...
... direction-selective circuits in primary visual cortex [22]. We first show, using a detailed biophysical model of a recurrent cortical network, that an asymmetric pattern of intracortical connections can develop as a consequence of temporally asymmetric spike-timing dependent plasticity. Such a form ...
ling411-11 - Rice University
... Topologically, the cortex of each hemisphere (not including white matter) is.. Like a thick napkin, with • Area of about 1300 square centimeters 200 sq. in. 2600 sq cm for whole cortex • Thickness varying from 3 to 5 mm • Subdivided into six layers Just looks 3-dimensional because it is “cr ...
... Topologically, the cortex of each hemisphere (not including white matter) is.. Like a thick napkin, with • Area of about 1300 square centimeters 200 sq. in. 2600 sq cm for whole cortex • Thickness varying from 3 to 5 mm • Subdivided into six layers Just looks 3-dimensional because it is “cr ...
“Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
... viewing distance of ⬃114 cm. The basic attributes of each cell were estimated using small drifting sinusoidal gratings surrounded by gray background (both the gratings and the gray background had a mean luminance of 59 cd/m 2). Visual stimuli. We used both sparse noise (Jones and Palmer, 1987) and s ...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency
... peaks corresponding to f1 and f2 were identified in the spectrum of the photodiode signal, and the presence of peaks in the MEG data at the corresponding frequencies was verified. These peaks were contained within a single bin of 0.0032-Hz width. The recording of the behavioral response yielded two ...
... peaks corresponding to f1 and f2 were identified in the spectrum of the photodiode signal, and the presence of peaks in the MEG data at the corresponding frequencies was verified. These peaks were contained within a single bin of 0.0032-Hz width. The recording of the behavioral response yielded two ...
Understanding mirror neurons: a bio-robotic
... 3 A model of area F5 and the mirror system Our model of area F5 revolves around two concepts that are likely related to the evolution and development of this unique area of the brain. Firstly, we posit that the mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexistin ...
... 3 A model of area F5 and the mirror system Our model of area F5 revolves around two concepts that are likely related to the evolution and development of this unique area of the brain. Firstly, we posit that the mirror neuron system did not appear brand new in the brain but evolved from a preexistin ...
Neural Control of Breathing (By Mohit Chhabra)
... The Ventral respiratory group of neurons is found in the nucleus ambiguus rostrally and the nucleus retroambiguus caudally. The VRG contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons. The neurons of the ventral respiratory group remain almost totally inactive during normal quiet respiration. The VRG i ...
... The Ventral respiratory group of neurons is found in the nucleus ambiguus rostrally and the nucleus retroambiguus caudally. The VRG contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons. The neurons of the ventral respiratory group remain almost totally inactive during normal quiet respiration. The VRG i ...
The Basics of Brain Development | SpringerLink
... Figure 4b orients the embryo within the context of the embryonic placenta, and Fig. 4c shows how the embryonic spatial axes relate to the major spatial dimensions of the infant (see figure caption for details). Each of the two layers contains a different, very primitive cell type (Fig. 5b). The uppe ...
... Figure 4b orients the embryo within the context of the embryonic placenta, and Fig. 4c shows how the embryonic spatial axes relate to the major spatial dimensions of the infant (see figure caption for details). Each of the two layers contains a different, very primitive cell type (Fig. 5b). The uppe ...
Activity 1 - Web Adventures
... One student found himself/herself out on the court in the final seconds of the game. His/her team was behind by one point. They needed a basket to win. Suddenly the student found that the basketball had somehow ended up in his/her hands. The whole world went into slow motion. Despite what some might ...
... One student found himself/herself out on the court in the final seconds of the game. His/her team was behind by one point. They needed a basket to win. Suddenly the student found that the basketball had somehow ended up in his/her hands. The whole world went into slow motion. Despite what some might ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
... hybridization, and detection used the Genius System and followed protocols in the user’s guide from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, I N). The 1.8 kb PstI–EcoRI fragment that contains the upstream regulatory region of unc-55 was cloned from cosmid Z C579 into pUC 18 to create pJD1.8. pJD1.8 was th ...
... hybridization, and detection used the Genius System and followed protocols in the user’s guide from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, I N). The 1.8 kb PstI–EcoRI fragment that contains the upstream regulatory region of unc-55 was cloned from cosmid Z C579 into pUC 18 to create pJD1.8. pJD1.8 was th ...
Full text
... laterally to the midline formed by spinal processes, as well as two transverse, at Th15 and L3 spinal processes) were made and the mobilized skin flap was gently reflected medially. A total volume of 30 µl of 2% aqueous dye solution was injected into the exposed muscle segment using a Hamilton syrin ...
... laterally to the midline formed by spinal processes, as well as two transverse, at Th15 and L3 spinal processes) were made and the mobilized skin flap was gently reflected medially. A total volume of 30 µl of 2% aqueous dye solution was injected into the exposed muscle segment using a Hamilton syrin ...
Biology and Behavior
... ***new synapses can develop between neurons not previously connected, when we learn something new ...
... ***new synapses can develop between neurons not previously connected, when we learn something new ...
Transgenic Targeting of Recombinant Rabies Virus Reveals
... specifically for tight transcriptional control. The resulting construct was cut and gel-purified for pronuclear injection. For the transactivator lines, a plasmid containing the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II ␣ subunit (CK2) promoter driving a codon-optimized tetracycline transactivator (tTA ...
... specifically for tight transcriptional control. The resulting construct was cut and gel-purified for pronuclear injection. For the transactivator lines, a plasmid containing the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II ␣ subunit (CK2) promoter driving a codon-optimized tetracycline transactivator (tTA ...
resource - Fujisawa lab
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
Mirroring others` emotions relates to empathy and
... play a significant role in social cognition? This issue remains rather controversial in the field. Some have championed a simulation theory of ‘mind reading’ grounded on mirroring mechanisms (Gallese, 2006; Gallese and Goldman, 1998; Keysers and Gazzola, 2006), whereby we come to understand others b ...
... play a significant role in social cognition? This issue remains rather controversial in the field. Some have championed a simulation theory of ‘mind reading’ grounded on mirroring mechanisms (Gallese, 2006; Gallese and Goldman, 1998; Keysers and Gazzola, 2006), whereby we come to understand others b ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... Isa, and Hiroshi Aizawa. Contribution of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus neurons to performance of visually guided saccade tasks in monkeys. J Neurophysiol 88: 715–731, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00484.2001. The cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN) is one of the major ascending arousal sys ...
... Isa, and Hiroshi Aizawa. Contribution of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus neurons to performance of visually guided saccade tasks in monkeys. J Neurophysiol 88: 715–731, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00484.2001. The cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN) is one of the major ascending arousal sys ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... and did not completely and irreversibly cease to discharge during the first 20 min after APO administration (6 neurons did) were considered for all further analyses. All other units were excluded to avoid possible artifacts due to electrode displacements. The spike train of each neuron was divided i ...
... and did not completely and irreversibly cease to discharge during the first 20 min after APO administration (6 neurons did) were considered for all further analyses. All other units were excluded to avoid possible artifacts due to electrode displacements. The spike train of each neuron was divided i ...
A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
pjp6`2001.vp:CorelVentura 7.0 - Institute of Pharmacology
... form already in physiological conditions. The size of GR-immunopositive nuclei varied from relatively large ones in the locus coeruleus to large ones and moderately small in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Size of stained nuclei may indicate that in the locus coeruleus, GR are prese ...
... form already in physiological conditions. The size of GR-immunopositive nuclei varied from relatively large ones in the locus coeruleus to large ones and moderately small in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Size of stained nuclei may indicate that in the locus coeruleus, GR are prese ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.