Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
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... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... calcium influx that occurs with each action potential: decreases in CaMKII activity oppose excitability by reducing BK currents. This unusual form of plasticity might be common to spontaneously active neurons throughout the brain, and would not have been observed in typical plasticity studies that c ...
... calcium influx that occurs with each action potential: decreases in CaMKII activity oppose excitability by reducing BK currents. This unusual form of plasticity might be common to spontaneously active neurons throughout the brain, and would not have been observed in typical plasticity studies that c ...
H-reflex down-conditioning greatly increases the number of
... is a simple model for exploring the acquisition and maintenance of motor skills, which can be defined as adaptive behaviors acquired through practice [55]. Because the reflex is influenced by descending input from the brain, its pathway can be operantly conditioned. Motivated by an operant condition ...
... is a simple model for exploring the acquisition and maintenance of motor skills, which can be defined as adaptive behaviors acquired through practice [55]. Because the reflex is influenced by descending input from the brain, its pathway can be operantly conditioned. Motivated by an operant condition ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
... the many and diverse findings reported by neurophysiological studies on intentional actions, using behavioural paradigms extremely different one from the other in terms of motor complexity. 2.1. When, what and how of intentional actions Many authors employed different behavioural paradigms to investi ...
... the many and diverse findings reported by neurophysiological studies on intentional actions, using behavioural paradigms extremely different one from the other in terms of motor complexity. 2.1. When, what and how of intentional actions Many authors employed different behavioural paradigms to investi ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems in the microchiropteran Miniopterus schreibersii, and the megachiropteran Rousettus aegyptiacus, which defined several further differences between the mega- and microchiropterans lending further support for the diphyletic origin of the Ch ...
... of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems in the microchiropteran Miniopterus schreibersii, and the megachiropteran Rousettus aegyptiacus, which defined several further differences between the mega- and microchiropterans lending further support for the diphyletic origin of the Ch ...
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
... selected for compound-dosing experiments. Electrophysiology Experiments. After behavioral validation of the presence of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia, rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.2–1.6 g/kg i.p.). The right carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated separatel ...
... selected for compound-dosing experiments. Electrophysiology Experiments. After behavioral validation of the presence of spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia, rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.2–1.6 g/kg i.p.). The right carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated separatel ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
Millisecond Timescale Synchrony among Hippocampal Neurons
... Figure 2. Hippocampal microcircuits in the freely moving rat. Bottom, Network of pyramidal cells (triangles) and interneurons (circles) connected through excitatory (cyan), inhibitory (black), and millisecond synchronous connections (red) in a recording session with an 8 shank ⫻ 8 electrode (inset; ...
... Figure 2. Hippocampal microcircuits in the freely moving rat. Bottom, Network of pyramidal cells (triangles) and interneurons (circles) connected through excitatory (cyan), inhibitory (black), and millisecond synchronous connections (red) in a recording session with an 8 shank ⫻ 8 electrode (inset; ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... sizes, speeds and distances of the object can generate identical image expansions (Gabbiani et al., 1999). Thus, for example, a 5·cm object that approaches from 70·cm at a speed of 20·cm·s–1 cannot be distinguished on the bases of its image expansion from an object of 10·cm that approaches from 140· ...
... sizes, speeds and distances of the object can generate identical image expansions (Gabbiani et al., 1999). Thus, for example, a 5·cm object that approaches from 70·cm at a speed of 20·cm·s–1 cannot be distinguished on the bases of its image expansion from an object of 10·cm that approaches from 140· ...
Stretch reflexes. (Final).
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
... Signals sent to a whole muscle (like the biceps) causing it to contract, travel from the spinal cord through alpha motor neurons. When this occurs, only extrafusal muscle fibers would contract. Meanwhile, the intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle spindles would go slack and information from the ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Although previous studies using animal models of ALS have focused mainly on the toxicity of mutant SOD1, one of the causative genes of f ...
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Although previous studies using animal models of ALS have focused mainly on the toxicity of mutant SOD1, one of the causative genes of f ...
NEURAL NETWORKS
... cell, which is one of the most common types of cortical neurons. Like many other types of neurons, it receives most of its inputs through dendritic spines. The pyramidal cell can receive 10,000 or more synaptic contacts and it can project onto thousands of target cells. ...
... cell, which is one of the most common types of cortical neurons. Like many other types of neurons, it receives most of its inputs through dendritic spines. The pyramidal cell can receive 10,000 or more synaptic contacts and it can project onto thousands of target cells. ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... The spatial location of sounds is an important aspect of auditory perception, but the ways in which space is represented are not fully understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colli ...
... The spatial location of sounds is an important aspect of auditory perception, but the ways in which space is represented are not fully understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colli ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... 7–14 Hz oscillations, organized within a waxingand-waning envelope, that recur periodically every 10–20 s. In cats and rodents, spindle waves of similar characteristics appear during slow-wave sleep and are typically more prominent at sleep onset. They are enhanced by some anesthetics, such as barbi ...
... 7–14 Hz oscillations, organized within a waxingand-waning envelope, that recur periodically every 10–20 s. In cats and rodents, spindle waves of similar characteristics appear during slow-wave sleep and are typically more prominent at sleep onset. They are enhanced by some anesthetics, such as barbi ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
... reversal potential, because then the effect of synaptic input was always hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with smal ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1864 –1876, 2000. The orbitofrontal cortex appears to be involved in the control of voluntary, goal-directed behavior by motivational outcomes. This study investigated how orbitofrontal neurons process information about rewards in a task that depends on intact orbitofron ...
... cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1864 –1876, 2000. The orbitofrontal cortex appears to be involved in the control of voluntary, goal-directed behavior by motivational outcomes. This study investigated how orbitofrontal neurons process information about rewards in a task that depends on intact orbitofron ...
Title
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
... neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those actions.1 The same researchers also discovered mirror neurons in humans.2 One neurosci ...
REFLEXES I - michaeldmann.net
... depends upon that neuron and the receptors or channels it possesses not on the transmitter substance or the neuron that released it. Whether this behavior is also a characteristic of mammalian neurons is not yet certain. Nevertheless, the usual approach in neurophysiology has been to interpose an in ...
... depends upon that neuron and the receptors or channels it possesses not on the transmitter substance or the neuron that released it. Whether this behavior is also a characteristic of mammalian neurons is not yet certain. Nevertheless, the usual approach in neurophysiology has been to interpose an in ...
Maximizing over Multiple Pattern Databases Speeds up Heuristic
... contribution. An equally important contribution is the explanation of this phenomenon, which is based on the distribution of heuristic values that occur during search. In particular, we demonstrate that if heuristics h1 and h2 have approximately equal mean values, but h1 is more concentrated around ...
... contribution. An equally important contribution is the explanation of this phenomenon, which is based on the distribution of heuristic values that occur during search. In particular, we demonstrate that if heuristics h1 and h2 have approximately equal mean values, but h1 is more concentrated around ...