The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
... proprioceptor axons were present in the cuneate fascicle and nucleus as reported previously (Figures 3G–3G00 ; Solbach and Celio, 1991). Proprioceptor axons were also abundant in the cuneate fascicle of SADIsl1-cre mutants, but their numbers were dramatically reduced in the cuneate nucleus (Figures ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... rather than receiving it in the form of a neuromodulatory signal as suggested by experimental evidence [2,3]. We now present the first spiking neuronal model of an actor-critic TD learning agent that adapts its behavior on the basis of a dopaminergic signal dynamically generated by the network itsel ...
... rather than receiving it in the form of a neuromodulatory signal as suggested by experimental evidence [2,3]. We now present the first spiking neuronal model of an actor-critic TD learning agent that adapts its behavior on the basis of a dopaminergic signal dynamically generated by the network itsel ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... recordings were made. The loudspeaker was either a 1/ 4 inch Brüel & Kjaer (B&K) microphone biased with 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ...
... recordings were made. The loudspeaker was either a 1/ 4 inch Brüel & Kjaer (B&K) microphone biased with 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... approximately by 50% and in the cerebral cortex by 39% in comparison with the sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups ...
... approximately by 50% and in the cerebral cortex by 39% in comparison with the sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups ...
cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat1
... nucleus. These findings point to the lateral nucleus and, to a lesser extent, to the anterior interpositus as the origin of the degenerated fibers described by Lago (1975) as ending in the stratum griseum intermedium of the superior colliculus after lesions of the brachium conjunctivum in the cat. I ...
... nucleus. These findings point to the lateral nucleus and, to a lesser extent, to the anterior interpositus as the origin of the degenerated fibers described by Lago (1975) as ending in the stratum griseum intermedium of the superior colliculus after lesions of the brachium conjunctivum in the cat. I ...
A1 - 58 - University of Pittsburgh
... thinking, sensation, perception, digestion, breathing, and motion – is controlled by the brain. Every single time a person moves a muscle, that action must be processed by the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) before the message can be sent to the muscle. Motion control is typic ...
... thinking, sensation, perception, digestion, breathing, and motion – is controlled by the brain. Every single time a person moves a muscle, that action must be processed by the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) before the message can be sent to the muscle. Motion control is typic ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... unpublished data). Unlike the nucleus solitarius, the Psol receives no sensory fibers from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X (Allen 1923; Altschuler et al. 1989). Evidence from both orthograde and retrograde tracer studies indicates that the Psol is the source of the GABAergic projections to the -nucle ...
... unpublished data). Unlike the nucleus solitarius, the Psol receives no sensory fibers from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X (Allen 1923; Altschuler et al. 1989). Evidence from both orthograde and retrograde tracer studies indicates that the Psol is the source of the GABAergic projections to the -nucle ...
- White Rose Research Online
... Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses and gap junctions. However, the striatum’s lack of layers and ...
... Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses and gap junctions. However, the striatum’s lack of layers and ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... net full-body turns per minute. A positive value indicates rotations ipsilateral to the lesion side. Amphetamine-induced rotation was recorded at 2 weeks after the 6-OHDA lesion to evaluate the extension of the lesion, and at 8 weeks after transplantation to confirm the presence of surviving functio ...
... net full-body turns per minute. A positive value indicates rotations ipsilateral to the lesion side. Amphetamine-induced rotation was recorded at 2 weeks after the 6-OHDA lesion to evaluate the extension of the lesion, and at 8 weeks after transplantation to confirm the presence of surviving functio ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... produces an acoustic signal (Maeda, 1990). The articulator movements and acoustic signal produced by the model have been quantitatively compared to the speech sounds and movements produced by human speakers, as detailed elsewhere (e.g., Callan, Kent, Guenther, & Vorperian, 2000; Guenther, 1995; Guen ...
... produces an acoustic signal (Maeda, 1990). The articulator movements and acoustic signal produced by the model have been quantitatively compared to the speech sounds and movements produced by human speakers, as detailed elsewhere (e.g., Callan, Kent, Guenther, & Vorperian, 2000; Guenther, 1995; Guen ...
CNS learns Stable, Accurate and Efficient Movements using a
... et al., 2007). Feedforward control of mechanical impedance is necessary in biological systems because neural delays preclude the use of feedback to compensate for instability in the environment (Mehta and Schaal, 2002). While it is recognized that the internal representation can be rapidly modified ...
... et al., 2007). Feedforward control of mechanical impedance is necessary in biological systems because neural delays preclude the use of feedback to compensate for instability in the environment (Mehta and Schaal, 2002). While it is recognized that the internal representation can be rapidly modified ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
Document
... through the stylomastoid foramen to the lateral aspect of the face • Mixed nerve with five major branches • Motor functions include facial expression, and the transmittal of autonomic impulses to lacrimal and salivary glands • Sensory function is taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue ...
... through the stylomastoid foramen to the lateral aspect of the face • Mixed nerve with five major branches • Motor functions include facial expression, and the transmittal of autonomic impulses to lacrimal and salivary glands • Sensory function is taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementary approa ...
... The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementary approa ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. One is that stimulation inactivates STN neurons, producing a functional lesion. The other is that electrical stimulation activates the STN output, thus “jamming” pathological activity in basal gang ...
... of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. One is that stimulation inactivates STN neurons, producing a functional lesion. The other is that electrical stimulation activates the STN output, thus “jamming” pathological activity in basal gang ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... greater in magnitude and occurring earlier in time [10,21]. The signal is not particularly selective, however, for visual features such as color, orientation, shape, motion velocity or duration [7,22]. The early part of the signal is also blind to whether a stimulus in its receptive field is a targe ...
... greater in magnitude and occurring earlier in time [10,21]. The signal is not particularly selective, however, for visual features such as color, orientation, shape, motion velocity or duration [7,22]. The early part of the signal is also blind to whether a stimulus in its receptive field is a targe ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... course of EE. However, there are other studies that did not find any effect of EE on basal ...
... course of EE. However, there are other studies that did not find any effect of EE on basal ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... they were dismissed as uninformative exceptions in previous discussions of human motor cortical organization. Nineteen-century pioneers of the lesion method, Broca and Wernicke, also made an important distinction between lesions located in the gray and the white matter, thus differentiating cortical ...
... they were dismissed as uninformative exceptions in previous discussions of human motor cortical organization. Nineteen-century pioneers of the lesion method, Broca and Wernicke, also made an important distinction between lesions located in the gray and the white matter, thus differentiating cortical ...
Autonomic NS
... • Stress ↑ sympathetic system ↑ fight-or-flight response. • ↑ production of ATP. • Dilation of the pupils. • ↑ heart rate and blood pressure. • Dilation of the airways. • Constriction of blood vessels that supply the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. ...
... • Stress ↑ sympathetic system ↑ fight-or-flight response. • ↑ production of ATP. • Dilation of the pupils. • ↑ heart rate and blood pressure. • Dilation of the airways. • Constriction of blood vessels that supply the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. ...
Membrane Properties Underlying the Firing of Neurons in the Avian
... Neurons of the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) relay auditory information from the Vlllth nerve to other parts of the auditory system. To examine the cellular properties that permit NM neurons to transmit reliably the temporal characteristics of the acoustic stimulus, we performed wholecell recor ...
... Neurons of the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) relay auditory information from the Vlllth nerve to other parts of the auditory system. To examine the cellular properties that permit NM neurons to transmit reliably the temporal characteristics of the acoustic stimulus, we performed wholecell recor ...