Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium
... carbonyl oxygens coordinated to Na+ (av bond length 2.65Å) (Varma et al., 2008, 2011; Kholmurodov et al., 2010) which is similar to the crystal structure which has 3 bonds to the carbonyl oxygens and one water molecule hydrogen bonded to the Na+. There are several likely conformations of similar ene ...
... carbonyl oxygens coordinated to Na+ (av bond length 2.65Å) (Varma et al., 2008, 2011; Kholmurodov et al., 2010) which is similar to the crystal structure which has 3 bonds to the carbonyl oxygens and one water molecule hydrogen bonded to the Na+. There are several likely conformations of similar ene ...
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... Compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation were normal when embryos were incubated in physiological sterols but were inhibited by oxygenated sterols to a degree which depended upon the concentration of sterol, duration of incubation and developmental age of the embryos. Precompaction 8-cell embr ...
... Compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation were normal when embryos were incubated in physiological sterols but were inhibited by oxygenated sterols to a degree which depended upon the concentration of sterol, duration of incubation and developmental age of the embryos. Precompaction 8-cell embr ...
increase in osmiophilia of axonal membranes of crayfish as a result
... membranes' reactivity for osmium . An unmasking of SH groups could explain such increased osmiophilia, since SH groups are very reactive with osmium, while disulfide bonds are considerably less reactive . This hypothesis was tested by treating control, glutaraldehydefixed nerve cords with disulfide ...
... membranes' reactivity for osmium . An unmasking of SH groups could explain such increased osmiophilia, since SH groups are very reactive with osmium, while disulfide bonds are considerably less reactive . This hypothesis was tested by treating control, glutaraldehydefixed nerve cords with disulfide ...
Transport of Storage Proteins to Protein Storage Vacuoles Is
... 400 nm. They contained an electron-dense core of storage proteins surrounded by an electron-translucent layer, and some vesicles also contained small vesicle-like structures. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed numerous electrondense aggregates of storage proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. ...
... 400 nm. They contained an electron-dense core of storage proteins surrounded by an electron-translucent layer, and some vesicles also contained small vesicle-like structures. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed numerous electrondense aggregates of storage proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. ...
Title Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical
... surface topographical heterogeneities (redefined as surface defects throughout this study) can be challenging [21], since these are usually in the order of several micrometres in width and depth. As such, defects can be easily overlooked and excluded during AFM studies, in which scanning raster area ...
... surface topographical heterogeneities (redefined as surface defects throughout this study) can be challenging [21], since these are usually in the order of several micrometres in width and depth. As such, defects can be easily overlooked and excluded during AFM studies, in which scanning raster area ...
Phosphatidylcholine traffic to the vacuole
... acyl chain at the sn-2 position, it is possible that once flipped to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, M-C6-NBDphospholipids can passively diffuse through the cytosol and eventually be enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes with the most favorable partitioning properties. This defa ...
... acyl chain at the sn-2 position, it is possible that once flipped to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, M-C6-NBDphospholipids can passively diffuse through the cytosol and eventually be enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes with the most favorable partitioning properties. This defa ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... molecules. A depolarizing action potential invading the bouton causes synaptic vesicles docked at the plasma membrane to fuse and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, a small space between the pre- and postsynaptic cells. Synaptic vesicle fusion does not occur randomly at the pres ...
... molecules. A depolarizing action potential invading the bouton causes synaptic vesicles docked at the plasma membrane to fuse and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, a small space between the pre- and postsynaptic cells. Synaptic vesicle fusion does not occur randomly at the pres ...
Strategy for Nonenveloped Virus Entry
... particle-associated transcriptases. We propose a model for reovirus entry in which (i) primed and triggered conformational changes, analogous to those in enveloped-virus fusion proteins, generate a hydrophobic 1 conformer capable of inserting into and disrupting cell membranes and (ii) activation o ...
... particle-associated transcriptases. We propose a model for reovirus entry in which (i) primed and triggered conformational changes, analogous to those in enveloped-virus fusion proteins, generate a hydrophobic 1 conformer capable of inserting into and disrupting cell membranes and (ii) activation o ...
Stereological estimation of dendritic coverage in the capybara SCG
... Asyn:=(4/π).(Lsyn)2. From the total surface area of all synapses, and the mean area of a synaptic disk, the total number of synapses per ganglion was estimated as: Nsyn:=Ssyn/Asyn and the number per neuron as: Nsyn/Nall. ...
... Asyn:=(4/π).(Lsyn)2. From the total surface area of all synapses, and the mean area of a synaptic disk, the total number of synapses per ganglion was estimated as: Nsyn:=Ssyn/Asyn and the number per neuron as: Nsyn/Nall. ...
Dynamic properties of a reconstituted myelin sheath
... of PNS myelin [11], where it colocalizes with another myelin-specific protein, P2. The P2 protein, while missing in CNS, represents 1–15% of the total myelin protein in the PNS. MBP is essential for the formation of CNS myelin, able to interact with a wide range of ligands, often polyanionic in natu ...
... of PNS myelin [11], where it colocalizes with another myelin-specific protein, P2. The P2 protein, while missing in CNS, represents 1–15% of the total myelin protein in the PNS. MBP is essential for the formation of CNS myelin, able to interact with a wide range of ligands, often polyanionic in natu ...
Endocytosis Via Caveolae
... pathway for internalization of extracellular ligands and plasma membrane components in most cell types, it has been recognized for some time that alternative, parallel uptake mechanisms also exist. These ‘clathrin-independent pathways’ have been more difficult to study; hence, detailed information i ...
... pathway for internalization of extracellular ligands and plasma membrane components in most cell types, it has been recognized for some time that alternative, parallel uptake mechanisms also exist. These ‘clathrin-independent pathways’ have been more difficult to study; hence, detailed information i ...
Interactions of Virus Proteins Within the Host Cell
... animal viruses exploit this route. The virus utilizes cell receptors involved in the uptake of useful extracellular proteins and triggers the uptake in order to later escape the endocytic vesicles. There are many different endocytic pathways that viruses can exploit according to their nature; some v ...
... animal viruses exploit this route. The virus utilizes cell receptors involved in the uptake of useful extracellular proteins and triggers the uptake in order to later escape the endocytic vesicles. There are many different endocytic pathways that viruses can exploit according to their nature; some v ...
A painful TR(i)P to lysosomes
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics and
... fission protein Fission Protein B in B. subtilis (Doan et al., 2013). In eukaryotes, although the distribution pattern of CL in mitochondria has not been fully characterized, biochemical analysis revealed that in yeasts, ;75% of total CL localizes in the mitochondrial inner membrane and ;25% is in th ...
... fission protein Fission Protein B in B. subtilis (Doan et al., 2013). In eukaryotes, although the distribution pattern of CL in mitochondria has not been fully characterized, biochemical analysis revealed that in yeasts, ;75% of total CL localizes in the mitochondrial inner membrane and ;25% is in th ...
A painful TR(i)P to lysosomes
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
A painful TR(i)P to lysosomes
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
A painful TR(i)P to lysosomes
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
... neurophysiological functions but not lysosomal and cell biological functions in DRG neurons. The functional presence of TRPA1 in the lysosomes of DRG neurons, but not in HEK cells or DRG-derived neuronal cell lines, suggests that TRPA1 is targeted to lysosomes via a mechanism that is specific to pri ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
Glycophorin C Content of Human Erythrocyte
... It has been shown that these three sialoglycoproteins are products of three distinct gene^.^.^ Erythrocytes that lack either glycoprotein A or B or both these sialoglycoproteins have normal discoid shape and normal membrane material properties,Is6while erythrocytes that lack glycophorin C exhibit el ...
... It has been shown that these three sialoglycoproteins are products of three distinct gene^.^.^ Erythrocytes that lack either glycoprotein A or B or both these sialoglycoproteins have normal discoid shape and normal membrane material properties,Is6while erythrocytes that lack glycophorin C exhibit el ...
SNARE Complex Proteins in Rat Mast Cells Phosphorylation of
... PKC activation that lead to phosphorylation of the SNARE proteins and granule release. Activation of several chemoattractant receptors results in leukocyte degranulation. However, it is unclear whether chemoattractant-induced degranulation uses the same mechanisms as those triggered by FcRI cross-l ...
... PKC activation that lead to phosphorylation of the SNARE proteins and granule release. Activation of several chemoattractant receptors results in leukocyte degranulation. However, it is unclear whether chemoattractant-induced degranulation uses the same mechanisms as those triggered by FcRI cross-l ...
Translocation of proteins across archaeal cytoplasmic membranes
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
Review THE SELECTION OF APTAMERS SPECIFIC FOR
... Aptamers selected using whole cells or enveloped viruses The cell surface selection technique has been designated as “Complex Target SELEX” [32] or “Cell-SELEX” [33]. It is important to identify the surface molecular target of the aptamers from Cell-SELEX. This is possible through mass spectrometry ...
... Aptamers selected using whole cells or enveloped viruses The cell surface selection technique has been designated as “Complex Target SELEX” [32] or “Cell-SELEX” [33]. It is important to identify the surface molecular target of the aptamers from Cell-SELEX. This is possible through mass spectrometry ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
... Pfu turbo DNA polymerase to PCR amplify a "1.7-kb fragment from pGCP364/pSG5 using primers GL98, 5#-GACTCAGGATCCAATGAAGCTTCAAGAAGCCTTAATTTCC-3#, which contains a BamHI restriction site and a starting codon, and GL99, 5#-CCTGAGCTTCTACCTGAGAATTCAGATTACGAGTCTCTTC-3#, which contains an EcoRI restriction ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.