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... concentration gradient of sodium ions alone, and the resulting potential will be equal to the Nernst potential for sodium. The same holds for each of the other two ions if the membrane should become selectively permeable for either one of them alone. Third, a positive ion concentration gradient from ...
... concentration gradient of sodium ions alone, and the resulting potential will be equal to the Nernst potential for sodium. The same holds for each of the other two ions if the membrane should become selectively permeable for either one of them alone. Third, a positive ion concentration gradient from ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... Previous studies (Murata and Los, 1997) have suggested that the plasma membrane acts as the primary sensor of temperature change through dynamic changes in its physical state. Rigidi®cation of plasma membranes by Pd-catalysed hydrogenation leads to the induction of the cold-inducible gene, desA, enc ...
... Previous studies (Murata and Los, 1997) have suggested that the plasma membrane acts as the primary sensor of temperature change through dynamic changes in its physical state. Rigidi®cation of plasma membranes by Pd-catalysed hydrogenation leads to the induction of the cold-inducible gene, desA, enc ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... lipid bilayer solvent that can interact with peripheral proteins (Simons and Sampaio, 2011). The lipid bilayer results from the self-association of the lipids hydrophobic moieties and the interaction of the hydrophilic moieties with aqueous environments. The same principle acts at the subcellular le ...
... lipid bilayer solvent that can interact with peripheral proteins (Simons and Sampaio, 2011). The lipid bilayer results from the self-association of the lipids hydrophobic moieties and the interaction of the hydrophilic moieties with aqueous environments. The same principle acts at the subcellular le ...
6 Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
... the membrane. Electric charges of the same sign, both positive or both negative, repel each other, while opposite charges attract. For example, if the inside of a cell has a net negative charge with respect to the outside, as it does in most cells, there will be an electric force attracting positive ...
... the membrane. Electric charges of the same sign, both positive or both negative, repel each other, while opposite charges attract. For example, if the inside of a cell has a net negative charge with respect to the outside, as it does in most cells, there will be an electric force attracting positive ...
Structural characterization of an antibody in complex with
... The PSA:Asp98 side chain can form hydrogen bonds with antibody residue H:Thr28 or H:Thr31. At one edge of the binding interface the PSA loop residue PSA:Lys175 also forms a hydrogen bond with antibody residue H:Thr28. Another PSA lysine residue PSA:Lys178 is within hydrogen bond distance with antibo ...
... The PSA:Asp98 side chain can form hydrogen bonds with antibody residue H:Thr28 or H:Thr31. At one edge of the binding interface the PSA loop residue PSA:Lys175 also forms a hydrogen bond with antibody residue H:Thr28. Another PSA lysine residue PSA:Lys178 is within hydrogen bond distance with antibo ...
The epithelial junction: bridge, gate, and fence.
... have revealed cell-to-cell current flow under normal conditions within virtually all epithelia examined. Changes in this cell coupling during embryological differentiation and in certain cancers have attracted much interest. Yet the function of the bridges remains unknown. Structures that can transm ...
... have revealed cell-to-cell current flow under normal conditions within virtually all epithelia examined. Changes in this cell coupling during embryological differentiation and in certain cancers have attracted much interest. Yet the function of the bridges remains unknown. Structures that can transm ...
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... The amount of current that flows between two areas depends 1.The difference in potential between the areas. The greater the difference in potential, the greater the current flow. 2.The strength of stimuli: the stronger the strength, the greater the current flow. 3.Local potential: Local potential p ...
... The amount of current that flows between two areas depends 1.The difference in potential between the areas. The greater the difference in potential, the greater the current flow. 2.The strength of stimuli: the stronger the strength, the greater the current flow. 3.Local potential: Local potential p ...
Distribution of lens sodium-potassium-adenosine
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: Functional and
... homo- or heterodimers have also been reported [4^ 6]. The ATP-hydrolyzing domains are characterized by two short sequence motifs in their primary structure (`Walker' site A: GXXGXGKS/T, X can be varied; `Walker' site B: hhhhD, h stands for hydrophobic) that are supposed to constitute a nucleotide bi ...
... homo- or heterodimers have also been reported [4^ 6]. The ATP-hydrolyzing domains are characterized by two short sequence motifs in their primary structure (`Walker' site A: GXXGXGKS/T, X can be varied; `Walker' site B: hhhhD, h stands for hydrophobic) that are supposed to constitute a nucleotide bi ...
Lysenin: A sphingomyelin specific pore
... in the plasma membrane, especially the outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin metabolites play important roles as second messengers in signal transduction events during development and differentiation [4]. Sphingomyelin is also a major component of sphingolipid/ cholesterol-rich membrane domains, called lipid ...
... in the plasma membrane, especially the outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin metabolites play important roles as second messengers in signal transduction events during development and differentiation [4]. Sphingomyelin is also a major component of sphingolipid/ cholesterol-rich membrane domains, called lipid ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
Mechanosensitive Channels:
... conditions. Since MscL takes a lot of stress to open, the presence of only two ARGs to act as handles is easy to live with. Therefore it would take a lot of pulling the ARGs in order to rotate the TM domain helices against each other. MscS is a much more complicated protein; it is not only mechanose ...
... conditions. Since MscL takes a lot of stress to open, the presence of only two ARGs to act as handles is easy to live with. Therefore it would take a lot of pulling the ARGs in order to rotate the TM domain helices against each other. MscS is a much more complicated protein; it is not only mechanose ...
The Ultrastructure of Megakaryocytes and Blood
... Zonation. The marginal zone varied in coalesce to form a long, paired membranwidth and usually lacked organelles and ous profile (figs. 3 and 5 ) , which is the demarcation membranes. The cytoplasm demarcation membrane (Yamada, '57). A contained a few ribosomes and vesicles and pair of membranes the ...
... Zonation. The marginal zone varied in coalesce to form a long, paired membranwidth and usually lacked organelles and ous profile (figs. 3 and 5 ) , which is the demarcation membranes. The cytoplasm demarcation membrane (Yamada, '57). A contained a few ribosomes and vesicles and pair of membranes the ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... In viva intracellular recordings of spontaneous activity of neostriatal spiny cells revealed two-state behavior, i.e., characteristic shifts of membrane potential between two preferred levels. The more polarized level, called the Down state, varied among neurons from -61 to -94 mV. The more depolari ...
... In viva intracellular recordings of spontaneous activity of neostriatal spiny cells revealed two-state behavior, i.e., characteristic shifts of membrane potential between two preferred levels. The more polarized level, called the Down state, varied among neurons from -61 to -94 mV. The more depolari ...
Lipid raft–associated protein sorting in exosomes
... other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Exosome secretion was shown to be responsible for the loss of transferrin receptors (TfRs) during reticulocyte maturatio ...
... other cells.3-7 Exosomes correspond to internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released in the extracellular medium upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Exosome secretion was shown to be responsible for the loss of transferrin receptors (TfRs) during reticulocyte maturatio ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... general by Wallach (274), for isolated bacterial membranes by Salton (232-234), for the rat liver cell membrane by Benedetti and Emmelot (16), and with special emphasis on the erythrocyte membrane by Maddy (164) . The problem is not too serious for our purpose, because we intend to discuss only the ...
... general by Wallach (274), for isolated bacterial membranes by Salton (232-234), for the rat liver cell membrane by Benedetti and Emmelot (16), and with special emphasis on the erythrocyte membrane by Maddy (164) . The problem is not too serious for our purpose, because we intend to discuss only the ...
Comparison of pseudotyping systems and their use in virus entry
... acidification of endosomes after binding to its receptor, usually a sialic acid, followed by endocytosis of the virus. The pH decrease triggers a loop-to-helix transition of an interhelical loop in the fusion domain by protonation of amino acid residues in this loop, resulting in a conformational ch ...
... acidification of endosomes after binding to its receptor, usually a sialic acid, followed by endocytosis of the virus. The pH decrease triggers a loop-to-helix transition of an interhelical loop in the fusion domain by protonation of amino acid residues in this loop, resulting in a conformational ch ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... Based on three convergent observations: 1. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin are substrates for tetanus & botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds ...
... Based on three convergent observations: 1. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin are substrates for tetanus & botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds ...
Synergy and duality in peptide antibiotic mechanisms Dewey G
... 58-nucleotide domain of the rRNA stabilizes its folded conformation [5••,6••]. The amino-terminal domain of L11 is highly conserved, proline-rich, and functions as a molecular switch, mediating a conformational change that allows elongation factors to properly bind and propagate peptide synthesis. T ...
... 58-nucleotide domain of the rRNA stabilizes its folded conformation [5••,6••]. The amino-terminal domain of L11 is highly conserved, proline-rich, and functions as a molecular switch, mediating a conformational change that allows elongation factors to properly bind and propagate peptide synthesis. T ...
Membrane lipid peroxidation and its conflict of
... strongly suggest that this group of radical species does not simply comprise the byproducts of membrane lipid peroxidation (MLPO) but intermediates in the MLPO pathway under multiple pathophysiological conditions with putative unique attributes. Importantly, several MLPO products are electrophilic; ...
... strongly suggest that this group of radical species does not simply comprise the byproducts of membrane lipid peroxidation (MLPO) but intermediates in the MLPO pathway under multiple pathophysiological conditions with putative unique attributes. Importantly, several MLPO products are electrophilic; ...
Interplay Between Phospholipids and
... glycerolipids, sphingolipids and sterols. The lipids in these groups can have quite different properties, such as chemical structure, shape, charge, polarity and rigidity. Depending on the arrangements of lipids with different properties and proteins, membranes can adopt different curvature and impo ...
... glycerolipids, sphingolipids and sterols. The lipids in these groups can have quite different properties, such as chemical structure, shape, charge, polarity and rigidity. Depending on the arrangements of lipids with different properties and proteins, membranes can adopt different curvature and impo ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.