M6PRs are found in a subset of PC12 cell ISGs
... Fig. 1. Subcellular fractionation reveals that both the CI- and the CDM6PR are found in fractions which contain ISGs but not MSGs. (A) Fractions from a velocity sucrose gradient of a post-nuclear supernatant obtained from PC12 cells were immunoblotted with antibodies to the CI- and CD-M6PRs. The loc ...
... Fig. 1. Subcellular fractionation reveals that both the CI- and the CDM6PR are found in fractions which contain ISGs but not MSGs. (A) Fractions from a velocity sucrose gradient of a post-nuclear supernatant obtained from PC12 cells were immunoblotted with antibodies to the CI- and CD-M6PRs. The loc ...
Escherichia coli Karl Skoog
... The biogenesis of the peptidoglycan layer can be divided into two steps. The first step, synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursor, occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the second step, polymerization of peptidoglycan precursors to form the peptidoglycan layer, occurs in the periplasm 35. The peptidoglyc ...
... The biogenesis of the peptidoglycan layer can be divided into two steps. The first step, synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursor, occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the second step, polymerization of peptidoglycan precursors to form the peptidoglycan layer, occurs in the periplasm 35. The peptidoglyc ...
THE DYNAMIN SUPERFAMILY: UNIVERSAL MEMBRANE
... division of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes. The OPA1 (optic atrophy 1, red) and mitofusin (yellow) families are also involved in reorganization of mitochondria, but probably in mitochondrial fusion, and therefore antagonize the function of Dlp. The Mx family (pink) are induced by in ...
... division of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes. The OPA1 (optic atrophy 1, red) and mitofusin (yellow) families are also involved in reorganization of mitochondria, but probably in mitochondrial fusion, and therefore antagonize the function of Dlp. The Mx family (pink) are induced by in ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry Counters the
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...
... It is thought that the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol ...
Electron Transport Chain (Respiratory Chain)
... b) can proceed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions c) is a reversible pathway d) needs oxygen (O2) for its function ...
... b) can proceed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions c) is a reversible pathway d) needs oxygen (O2) for its function ...
PDF - Walter Lab
... fractions (lanes 7-9) revealed that the glycosylated forms of paF were quantitatively recovered in the pellet fractions whereas most of the unmodified paF was recovered in the supernatant fractions. The small amount of paF that was detected in the pellet fractions is likely to be an artifact of the ...
... fractions (lanes 7-9) revealed that the glycosylated forms of paF were quantitatively recovered in the pellet fractions whereas most of the unmodified paF was recovered in the supernatant fractions. The small amount of paF that was detected in the pellet fractions is likely to be an artifact of the ...
The Arabidopsis Rab GTPase family: another
... targeting specificity in eukaryotic membrane traffic [7–9]. In yeast and mammalian cells, they are known to regulate the activity of the tethering factors and possibly also the SNARE complexes. These two groups of proteins combine to promote the initial docking and subsequent fusion of specific vesi ...
... targeting specificity in eukaryotic membrane traffic [7–9]. In yeast and mammalian cells, they are known to regulate the activity of the tethering factors and possibly also the SNARE complexes. These two groups of proteins combine to promote the initial docking and subsequent fusion of specific vesi ...
Multiple Lines of Evidence Localize Signaling
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
... Using GFP tagging, mitochondria have been visualized to undergo fusion, fission, and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004, 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. Whi ...
Molecular design of the photosystem II light
... concentration quenching (Beddard and Porter, 1976). This occurs via close chlorophyll–chlorophyll interactions, dimers or excimers. Clearly the apoprotein provides a specific ‘solvent’, an environment that allows a high chlorophyll concentration without the probability of quenching by such associati ...
... concentration quenching (Beddard and Porter, 1976). This occurs via close chlorophyll–chlorophyll interactions, dimers or excimers. Clearly the apoprotein provides a specific ‘solvent’, an environment that allows a high chlorophyll concentration without the probability of quenching by such associati ...
protein membranes as models of cosmetic ingredients penetration
... are embedded in an ordered lipid matrix. There are many papers dealing with structure of the stratum corneum (2-4). Most of them indicate that lipid lamellae are responsible for the main barrier function of the skin. Although lipids are seen to be main factor, organization of keratin filaments , maj ...
... are embedded in an ordered lipid matrix. There are many papers dealing with structure of the stratum corneum (2-4). Most of them indicate that lipid lamellae are responsible for the main barrier function of the skin. Although lipids are seen to be main factor, organization of keratin filaments , maj ...
Membrane Lipids in the Function of Serotonin and Adrenergic
... high resolution crystal structures of the A2A adenosine receptor ([18]; see Fig. 1b) and 2-adrenergic receptor ([16, 17]; Figs. 1c and d) have revealed structural evidence of tightly associated cholesterol molecules. Fig. (1b) shows the structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor with three bound ...
... high resolution crystal structures of the A2A adenosine receptor ([18]; see Fig. 1b) and 2-adrenergic receptor ([16, 17]; Figs. 1c and d) have revealed structural evidence of tightly associated cholesterol molecules. Fig. (1b) shows the structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor with three bound ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... property was lost on PI-PLC treatment suggesting that the lipophilic properties of AP were intimately associated with AP itself, rather than being some property of the lipid bilayer with which it was associated, and could be explained by the covalent linkage of a PI molecule to the protein. Similar ...
... property was lost on PI-PLC treatment suggesting that the lipophilic properties of AP were intimately associated with AP itself, rather than being some property of the lipid bilayer with which it was associated, and could be explained by the covalent linkage of a PI molecule to the protein. Similar ...
Specific Aims – Background and Gap, Aim 1 and 2 Schizophrenia is
... in zebrafish embryos and adult trials, then synaptic pruning is visualized by fluorescence imaging of dendritic proteins in the cortex neurons. Knocked out domains which reduce the amount of pruning in adults will be of interest, and those domains will be tagged with GFP to determine their neuronal ...
... in zebrafish embryos and adult trials, then synaptic pruning is visualized by fluorescence imaging of dendritic proteins in the cortex neurons. Knocked out domains which reduce the amount of pruning in adults will be of interest, and those domains will be tagged with GFP to determine their neuronal ...
Calcium homeostasis
... Calcium regulated homeostasis and transport • Calcium has a major role in biomembrane fusion thus regulating many other homeostatic events in the organism • Most of membrane fusions require calcium, such as exocytosis, so the calcium can be released from the vehicle itself or from the ER • Calcium ...
... Calcium regulated homeostasis and transport • Calcium has a major role in biomembrane fusion thus regulating many other homeostatic events in the organism • Most of membrane fusions require calcium, such as exocytosis, so the calcium can be released from the vehicle itself or from the ER • Calcium ...
S C T
... in the structural analysis of these proteins has been hampered by difficulties in their purification and crystallization. A comprehensive understanding of fundamental membrane-associated biological processes such as energy conversion, transport and signal transduction cannot be attained unless the h ...
... in the structural analysis of these proteins has been hampered by difficulties in their purification and crystallization. A comprehensive understanding of fundamental membrane-associated biological processes such as energy conversion, transport and signal transduction cannot be attained unless the h ...
1-3 flagellum - Instituto de Higiene
... dually modified with myristate on the amino group of the NH2-terminal glycine and palmitate on the thiol group of the cysteine at residue 3, and that both of these acyl groups were required for membrane association and for localization to the flagellum [12]. This protein appears to be associated wit ...
... dually modified with myristate on the amino group of the NH2-terminal glycine and palmitate on the thiol group of the cysteine at residue 3, and that both of these acyl groups were required for membrane association and for localization to the flagellum [12]. This protein appears to be associated wit ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... molecules. A depolarizing action potential invading the bouton causes synaptic vesicles docked at the plasma membrane to fuse and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, a small space between the pre- and postsynaptic cells. Synaptic vesicle fusion does not occur randomly at the pres ...
... molecules. A depolarizing action potential invading the bouton causes synaptic vesicles docked at the plasma membrane to fuse and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, a small space between the pre- and postsynaptic cells. Synaptic vesicle fusion does not occur randomly at the pres ...
OSBP coupled with ER-resident protein FAN is essential
... Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the leaflets of many bilayer membranes, including the plasma membrane, the endosomal membrane, and likely the Golgi membrane (VAN MEER et al. 2008). For example, in the Golgi apparatus, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin are only present in the ...
... Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the leaflets of many bilayer membranes, including the plasma membrane, the endosomal membrane, and likely the Golgi membrane (VAN MEER et al. 2008). For example, in the Golgi apparatus, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin are only present in the ...
Facilitated transport of small molecules and ions for energy
... because the water-mediated vehicle mechanism may also play a pivotal role in facilitated transport. In a broader sense, when small molecules with active carriers are doped into polymer membranes, the carriers might migrate if the polymer matrix is plasticized or swollen by a solvent. This type of me ...
... because the water-mediated vehicle mechanism may also play a pivotal role in facilitated transport. In a broader sense, when small molecules with active carriers are doped into polymer membranes, the carriers might migrate if the polymer matrix is plasticized or swollen by a solvent. This type of me ...
Liposome
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
... The lipid film obtained was dispersed in PBS containing hLf and incubated for 5 hours at room temperature to facilitate the annealing process. Five freeze - thaw cycles were performed to obtain a suitable size (about 200 nm) and a high efficiency of hLf incorporation in multivesicular liposomes (mul ...
GFP is the way to glow: bioimaging of the plant endomembrane
... Studies on the dynamics of the plant Golgi are relatively young in comparison with their mammalian counterparts, due to the absence of genuine plant Golgi enzymes to be fused to GFP and used as in vivo markers. The first report on the visualization of the Golgi apparatus in living plant cells with G ...
... Studies on the dynamics of the plant Golgi are relatively young in comparison with their mammalian counterparts, due to the absence of genuine plant Golgi enzymes to be fused to GFP and used as in vivo markers. The first report on the visualization of the Golgi apparatus in living plant cells with G ...
Structural features of the vesicle of Frankia sp. CpI1
... living cultures of Frankia sp. CpIl containing vesicles. In Figs. 5 , 6 , and 7 is shown the same microscopic field containing a vesicle in culture. The typical Nomarski image of Fig. 5 is changed by polarizing filters to a striking birefringence (Fig. 6) attributable to the nature of the vesicle en ...
... living cultures of Frankia sp. CpIl containing vesicles. In Figs. 5 , 6 , and 7 is shown the same microscopic field containing a vesicle in culture. The typical Nomarski image of Fig. 5 is changed by polarizing filters to a striking birefringence (Fig. 6) attributable to the nature of the vesicle en ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... An example of how an afterdischarge type of neuronal pool is utilized: a. short term memory b. cause a series of successive impulses to produce muscle tetanization c. a timing circuit, such as in determining the duration of breathing movements d. to produce spatial summation of a post-synaptic site ...
... An example of how an afterdischarge type of neuronal pool is utilized: a. short term memory b. cause a series of successive impulses to produce muscle tetanization c. a timing circuit, such as in determining the duration of breathing movements d. to produce spatial summation of a post-synaptic site ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.