Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... are enriched in acidic residues relative to their nonhalophilic counterparts. An enhanced number of acidic residues is thought to encourage proper protein folding in high-salt conditions (Madern et al., 2000; Fukuchi et al., 2003). In each case, the S-layer glycoproteins are believed to be anchored ...
... are enriched in acidic residues relative to their nonhalophilic counterparts. An enhanced number of acidic residues is thought to encourage proper protein folding in high-salt conditions (Madern et al., 2000; Fukuchi et al., 2003). In each case, the S-layer glycoproteins are believed to be anchored ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... are enriched in acidic residues relative to their nonhalophilic counterparts. An enhanced number of acidic residues is thought to encourage proper protein folding in high-salt conditions (Madern et al., 2000; Fukuchi et al., 2003). In each case, the S-layer glycoproteins are believed to be anchored ...
... are enriched in acidic residues relative to their nonhalophilic counterparts. An enhanced number of acidic residues is thought to encourage proper protein folding in high-salt conditions (Madern et al., 2000; Fukuchi et al., 2003). In each case, the S-layer glycoproteins are believed to be anchored ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... The prevailing view is that Golgi cisternae can be divided into four classes: cis, medial, trans, and TGN (Farquhar and Hauri 1997). Each class of cisterna is considered to house a different set of processing enzymes. This model has some experimental support. For example, a study of the yeast pro-a- ...
... The prevailing view is that Golgi cisternae can be divided into four classes: cis, medial, trans, and TGN (Farquhar and Hauri 1997). Each class of cisterna is considered to house a different set of processing enzymes. This model has some experimental support. For example, a study of the yeast pro-a- ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... divide, produce dynamic extensions and interact with other cell constituents. Envelope membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an overview of envelope constituents together with recent insights into the major functions fulfilled ...
... divide, produce dynamic extensions and interact with other cell constituents. Envelope membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an overview of envelope constituents together with recent insights into the major functions fulfilled ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... belong to families of small and membrane-associated proteins that are distributed on the cytoplasmic surfaces of all membranes of the secretory pathway and are involved in membrane trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, h ...
... belong to families of small and membrane-associated proteins that are distributed on the cytoplasmic surfaces of all membranes of the secretory pathway and are involved in membrane trafficking (Mayer et al. 1996; Weber et al. 1998). The membrane trafficking of transport vesicles delivers proteins, h ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic behavior of BDNF-containing vesicles was analyzed by live cell imaging. (a) Representative picture of a hippocampal neuron transfected with BDNF-mCherry. (b) Boxed area from (a) at higher magnification and at different time points of time-lapse recording. Red ...
... fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic behavior of BDNF-containing vesicles was analyzed by live cell imaging. (a) Representative picture of a hippocampal neuron transfected with BDNF-mCherry. (b) Boxed area from (a) at higher magnification and at different time points of time-lapse recording. Red ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... only cutting proteins that contain well-defined sequences of amino acids in accessible regions. Proteases that are soluble in water have been studied for over a century and are now well understood, as are proteases that need to be tethered to the membrane of a cell to work properly. In 1997 research ...
... only cutting proteins that contain well-defined sequences of amino acids in accessible regions. Proteases that are soluble in water have been studied for over a century and are now well understood, as are proteases that need to be tethered to the membrane of a cell to work properly. In 1997 research ...
Lipid rafts
... It is important to note, cholesterol may regulate protein function not only through altering lipid rafts but also by direct interactions with the proteins. However, it is very challenging to discriminate between these possibilities for any specific type of protein because it is unreasonable to test ...
... It is important to note, cholesterol may regulate protein function not only through altering lipid rafts but also by direct interactions with the proteins. However, it is very challenging to discriminate between these possibilities for any specific type of protein because it is unreasonable to test ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex of some plants (Long et al. 1995; Robinson et al. 1996) and T. cruzi (Scott et al. 1998; Martinez et al. 2002). The V-Hþ-PPase of Toxoplasma gondii has been found in a vacuolar compartment involved in microneme protein maturation (Harper et al. 2006), while ...
... the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex of some plants (Long et al. 1995; Robinson et al. 1996) and T. cruzi (Scott et al. 1998; Martinez et al. 2002). The V-Hþ-PPase of Toxoplasma gondii has been found in a vacuolar compartment involved in microneme protein maturation (Harper et al. 2006), while ...
Evolution of acidocalcisomes and their role in polyphosphate
... the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex of some plants (Long et al. 1995; Robinson et al. 1996) and T. cruzi (Scott et al. 1998; Martinez et al. 2002). The V-Hþ-PPase of Toxoplasma gondii has been found in a vacuolar compartment involved in microneme protein maturation (Harper et al. 2006), while ...
... the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex of some plants (Long et al. 1995; Robinson et al. 1996) and T. cruzi (Scott et al. 1998; Martinez et al. 2002). The V-Hþ-PPase of Toxoplasma gondii has been found in a vacuolar compartment involved in microneme protein maturation (Harper et al. 2006), while ...
Developmental Changes in the Subcellular Localization of Calretinin
... example, the precise localization of calcium channels at the presynaptic terminal determines many aspects of synaptic function, because calcium levels locally govern exocytotic neurotransmitter release (Augustine et al., 1987). Because other proteins also contribute to the regulation of calcium ion ...
... example, the precise localization of calcium channels at the presynaptic terminal determines many aspects of synaptic function, because calcium levels locally govern exocytotic neurotransmitter release (Augustine et al., 1987). Because other proteins also contribute to the regulation of calcium ion ...
NLP-12 Engages Different UNC-13 Proteins to Potentiate Tonic and
... proteins. Primed vesicles are thought to consist of docked SVs containing partially assembled trans-SNARE complexes (Xu et al., 1999). Several SNARE binding proteins regulate SV docking and priming. UNC-10/RIM, UNC-13/Munc13, and UNC-31/ CAPS promote docking and priming while Tomosyn inhibits both p ...
... proteins. Primed vesicles are thought to consist of docked SVs containing partially assembled trans-SNARE complexes (Xu et al., 1999). Several SNARE binding proteins regulate SV docking and priming. UNC-10/RIM, UNC-13/Munc13, and UNC-31/ CAPS promote docking and priming while Tomosyn inhibits both p ...
Encapsulation Services
... Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. Th ...
... Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. Th ...
Aggregation of Sodium Channels during Development and
... distribution during development. One study has reported that NaChs became clustered at sites of neurite-associated AChR clusters on chick myotubes in vitro (Angelides, 1986); this suggested that the processes of AChR and NaCh clustering might be similar or closely linked. However, recent experiments ...
... distribution during development. One study has reported that NaChs became clustered at sites of neurite-associated AChR clusters on chick myotubes in vitro (Angelides, 1986); this suggested that the processes of AChR and NaCh clustering might be similar or closely linked. However, recent experiments ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... oil, a heterogeneous collection of non-polar lipids. This held true for all species in which anesthetics were tested, over four to five orders of magnitude of lipid solubility (Meyer, 1899; Overton, 1901; Tanifuji et al., 1977). Termed the Meyer-Overton rule, the correlation led to early hypotheses ...
... oil, a heterogeneous collection of non-polar lipids. This held true for all species in which anesthetics were tested, over four to five orders of magnitude of lipid solubility (Meyer, 1899; Overton, 1901; Tanifuji et al., 1977). Termed the Meyer-Overton rule, the correlation led to early hypotheses ...
Influenza virus assembly and budding
... packaging of the viral genome. During virus replication three other proteins are expressed that are not incorporated into the mature virion. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multi-functional protein with a major role in evasion of the host immune system. NS2 (NEP) plays a crucial role in mediatin ...
... packaging of the viral genome. During virus replication three other proteins are expressed that are not incorporated into the mature virion. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multi-functional protein with a major role in evasion of the host immune system. NS2 (NEP) plays a crucial role in mediatin ...
Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane
... nature of the proteins involved suggests that this machinery evolved from a smaller set of primordial vesicle formation and fusion proteins that were present in early stages of eukaryogenesis. More recent phylogenetic studies have even yielded some insights into the proximal order of events immediat ...
... nature of the proteins involved suggests that this machinery evolved from a smaller set of primordial vesicle formation and fusion proteins that were present in early stages of eukaryogenesis. More recent phylogenetic studies have even yielded some insights into the proximal order of events immediat ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... high-throughput profiling of OMV proteins (Lee et al., 2007). Many protein constituents have also been identified by classical Western blotting and functional experiments. The proteins found in OMVs belong to the OM and periplasm. Some researchers have used the presence of outermembrane proteins (e. ...
... high-throughput profiling of OMV proteins (Lee et al., 2007). Many protein constituents have also been identified by classical Western blotting and functional experiments. The proteins found in OMVs belong to the OM and periplasm. Some researchers have used the presence of outermembrane proteins (e. ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... B cannot be applied to those cyclic glucans without disregard of the original serological and strain definition, and there is strong and widespread evidence showing that NH do not result from LPS hydrolysis [1]. The existence of O-chain like polysaccharides not linked to core-lipid A in the OM of se ...
... B cannot be applied to those cyclic glucans without disregard of the original serological and strain definition, and there is strong and widespread evidence showing that NH do not result from LPS hydrolysis [1]. The existence of O-chain like polysaccharides not linked to core-lipid A in the OM of se ...
Functional and structural studies of a C
... peptidyl tRNA in the A site now move to the empty P site. Thus, the ribosome moves along its mRNA in the 3´direction by one codon so that the next aminoacyl tRNA can be delivered to the empty A site. ...
... peptidyl tRNA in the A site now move to the empty P site. Thus, the ribosome moves along its mRNA in the 3´direction by one codon so that the next aminoacyl tRNA can be delivered to the empty A site. ...
Protection by chlorpromazine, albumin and bivalent cations against
... derivatives showed that their haemolytic potency correlated well with their corresponding ability to aggregate intramembrane particles and to reduce the rotational mobility of band 3 protein in erythrocyte membranes [13,14] and bacteriorhodopsin in lipid vesicles [15]. It was surmised that besides m ...
... derivatives showed that their haemolytic potency correlated well with their corresponding ability to aggregate intramembrane particles and to reduce the rotational mobility of band 3 protein in erythrocyte membranes [13,14] and bacteriorhodopsin in lipid vesicles [15]. It was surmised that besides m ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... endoplasmic reticulum (Benveniste, 2004). At steady state, sterols are found in the Golgi membranes and endocytic compartments, although they accumulate mostly at the PM (Grebe et al., 2003). Several studies incorporating sterol biosynthesis mutants have shown that sterols play critical roles in cel ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (Benveniste, 2004). At steady state, sterols are found in the Golgi membranes and endocytic compartments, although they accumulate mostly at the PM (Grebe et al., 2003). Several studies incorporating sterol biosynthesis mutants have shown that sterols play critical roles in cel ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.