Nonlysosomal Vesicles (Acidosomes) Are Involved
... (The typical fluorescence-probe techniques used by others are n o t useable below pH 4 such as is attained in digestive vacuoles of Paramecium.) Half of the cells formed at least one digestive vacuole during this pre-CB pulse. At predetermined intervals aliquots of cells were removed, spread on albu ...
... (The typical fluorescence-probe techniques used by others are n o t useable below pH 4 such as is attained in digestive vacuoles of Paramecium.) Half of the cells formed at least one digestive vacuole during this pre-CB pulse. At predetermined intervals aliquots of cells were removed, spread on albu ...
Expression of the nidogen-binding site of the laminin γ1 chain
... et al., 1995) have revealed that laminin-1 is predominantly produced by epithelial cells, whereas nidogen-1 is secreted by mesenchymal cells. The binding of mesenchymal nidogen-1 to epithelial laminin-1 is believed to occur at the interface between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and possibly dic ...
... et al., 1995) have revealed that laminin-1 is predominantly produced by epithelial cells, whereas nidogen-1 is secreted by mesenchymal cells. The binding of mesenchymal nidogen-1 to epithelial laminin-1 is believed to occur at the interface between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and possibly dic ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... The membranes of cells are highly complex and heterogeneous structures that fulfill multiple vital tasks. They form thin barriers that seal out the environment, thus defining the cell’s boundaries. They mediate the selective exchange of information and substances between the inside and outside of ce ...
... The membranes of cells are highly complex and heterogeneous structures that fulfill multiple vital tasks. They form thin barriers that seal out the environment, thus defining the cell’s boundaries. They mediate the selective exchange of information and substances between the inside and outside of ce ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... and COPII to deform flat membranes into round buds (Barlowe et al., 1994; Bonifacino and Glick, 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, despite constant membrane remodelling cellular organelles maintain a characteristic shape. In the case of the Golgi apparatus the typical morphology is established by a s ...
... and COPII to deform flat membranes into round buds (Barlowe et al., 1994; Bonifacino and Glick, 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, despite constant membrane remodelling cellular organelles maintain a characteristic shape. In the case of the Golgi apparatus the typical morphology is established by a s ...
Molecular Chaperones in the Cytosol: from Nascent Chain to Folded
... to the formation of structured, fibrillar aggregates, known as amyloid, that are associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s disease (6, 7) (Fig. 1). Compared to refolding in dilute solution, the tendency of nonnative states to aggregate in the cell is partially folded intermediates ...
... to the formation of structured, fibrillar aggregates, known as amyloid, that are associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s disease (6, 7) (Fig. 1). Compared to refolding in dilute solution, the tendency of nonnative states to aggregate in the cell is partially folded intermediates ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
The endocytosis of cellulose synthase in
... YFP-CESA6 density at the plasma membrane is dependent on μ2 If μ2 mediates the internalization of CESAs, the endocytosis defect of ...
... YFP-CESA6 density at the plasma membrane is dependent on μ2 If μ2 mediates the internalization of CESAs, the endocytosis defect of ...
The Neuronal Membrane at Rest
... The four levels of protein structure are shown in Figure 3.6. The primary structure is like a chain, in which the amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. As a protein molecule is being synthesized, however, the polypeptide chain can coil into a spiral-like configuration called an alpha hel ...
... The four levels of protein structure are shown in Figure 3.6. The primary structure is like a chain, in which the amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. As a protein molecule is being synthesized, however, the polypeptide chain can coil into a spiral-like configuration called an alpha hel ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membrane mechanical stability [92]. Similarly, the phosphorylat ...
... such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membrane mechanical stability [92]. Similarly, the phosphorylat ...
The Methylosome, a 20S Complex Containing JBP1 and pICln
... Purification of the SMN complex. For purification of the SMN complex, Flag-Gemin2, myc-SMN, myc-Gemin3, and myc-Gemin4 were transiently expressed in 293 cells, and cytoplasmic extract was prepared from these cells and incubated with anti-Flag Sepharose (Sigma) for 2 h at 4°C. After extensive washing ...
... Purification of the SMN complex. For purification of the SMN complex, Flag-Gemin2, myc-SMN, myc-Gemin3, and myc-Gemin4 were transiently expressed in 293 cells, and cytoplasmic extract was prepared from these cells and incubated with anti-Flag Sepharose (Sigma) for 2 h at 4°C. After extensive washing ...
The dynamics of plant plasma membrane proteins
... (PIN)-type auxin transport proteins some 15 years ago (Chen et al., 1998; Gälweiler et al., 1998; Luschnig et al., 1998; Müller et al., 1998; Utsuno et al., 1998), the analysis of the dynamics of plasma membrane proteins in plants experienced a great leap forward (Krecek et al., 2009; Grunewald and ...
... (PIN)-type auxin transport proteins some 15 years ago (Chen et al., 1998; Gälweiler et al., 1998; Luschnig et al., 1998; Müller et al., 1998; Utsuno et al., 1998), the analysis of the dynamics of plasma membrane proteins in plants experienced a great leap forward (Krecek et al., 2009; Grunewald and ...
REVIEW - The Journal of Cell Biology
... It has been well established that mitochondria and chloroplasts are not autonomous organeUes. These organelles are capable of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, but many soluble and membrane proteins that become localized in them are initially synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes (cf. references 47 ...
... It has been well established that mitochondria and chloroplasts are not autonomous organeUes. These organelles are capable of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, but many soluble and membrane proteins that become localized in them are initially synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes (cf. references 47 ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... corresponding to residues 48–60 [5] (Table 1), and a shorter fragment (residues 47–57) [18,36,37], have frequently been used in CPP research. An endosomal pathway for internalization was initially excluded by comparison of the uptake at 4 ◦C and 37 ◦C under fixation conditions [5,6,30]. After re-eva ...
... corresponding to residues 48–60 [5] (Table 1), and a shorter fragment (residues 47–57) [18,36,37], have frequently been used in CPP research. An endosomal pathway for internalization was initially excluded by comparison of the uptake at 4 ◦C and 37 ◦C under fixation conditions [5,6,30]. After re-eva ...
Control of Contractility in Spirostomum by Dissociated Calcium Ions
... It is evident from studies on muscle and several other contractile systems that calcium must be present in concentrations approaching 10-5 M in order for contraction to occur. Various calcium chelators and precipitators, such as EDTA, EGTA, citrate, and oxalate, have been used to show that the contr ...
... It is evident from studies on muscle and several other contractile systems that calcium must be present in concentrations approaching 10-5 M in order for contraction to occur. Various calcium chelators and precipitators, such as EDTA, EGTA, citrate, and oxalate, have been used to show that the contr ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... is essential for stomatal closure and how it affects K+ transport, and more generally osmotic solute transport, at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast. The elements of an OnGuard model Stomatal movements arise from the transport, accumulation and release of osmotically active solutes – primarily ...
... is essential for stomatal closure and how it affects K+ transport, and more generally osmotic solute transport, at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast. The elements of an OnGuard model Stomatal movements arise from the transport, accumulation and release of osmotically active solutes – primarily ...
Membrane Proteins
... • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell surface consisted of two layers • They suggested that the most favorable structure would be a lipid bilayer, with the nonpolar regions of the lipids facing inward © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • The film on the water was twice the surface area of the blood cells, suggesting that lipids on the cell surface consisted of two layers • They suggested that the most favorable structure would be a lipid bilayer, with the nonpolar regions of the lipids facing inward © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
University of Groningen The role of antibodies in controlling
... loops into the outer leaflet of the membrane and three copies of E interact with one another via their fusion loops or DII domains to form an unstable trimer. The E trimers stabilize through additional interactions between the DI domains of the three E proteins (Liao et al., 2010). Next, DIII is bel ...
... loops into the outer leaflet of the membrane and three copies of E interact with one another via their fusion loops or DII domains to form an unstable trimer. The E trimers stabilize through additional interactions between the DI domains of the three E proteins (Liao et al., 2010). Next, DIII is bel ...
PPT File
... Fatty acids are hydrocarbon derivatives Carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains ranging from 4 to 36 carbons long (C4 to C36). Unbranched and fully saturated; one or more double bonds Nomenclature: chain length; number and position of double bonds. The most commonly occurring fatty acids: even num ...
... Fatty acids are hydrocarbon derivatives Carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains ranging from 4 to 36 carbons long (C4 to C36). Unbranched and fully saturated; one or more double bonds Nomenclature: chain length; number and position of double bonds. The most commonly occurring fatty acids: even num ...
Taipoxin induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and disrupts the
... trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins involved in SV exo-endocytosis (see, e.g., Benfenati, et al., 1999), but the demonstration of their occurrence in intact cells and their significance have often ...
... trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins involved in SV exo-endocytosis (see, e.g., Benfenati, et al., 1999), but the demonstration of their occurrence in intact cells and their significance have often ...
A Cyanobacterial Chlorophyll Synthase-HliD
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
SNARE (protein)
SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from ""SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor"") are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.