13 Transcription and translation
... and how ligases reassemble them 3. perform simulations to demonstrate the replication of DNA and the transcription and translation of its information ...
... and how ligases reassemble them 3. perform simulations to demonstrate the replication of DNA and the transcription and translation of its information ...
EOC Review Jeopardy EOC Double Jeopardy
... The generic two-word term for the process that allows better-adapted organisms to survive, and ill-adapted organisms to die. ...
... The generic two-word term for the process that allows better-adapted organisms to survive, and ill-adapted organisms to die. ...
The Role of RNA
... When lactose is not present, the DNA-binding protein called lac repressor binds to a region called the operator, which switches the lac operon off. When lactose binds to the repressor, it causes the repressor to fall off the operator, turning the operon on. Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Transcription f ...
... When lactose is not present, the DNA-binding protein called lac repressor binds to a region called the operator, which switches the lac operon off. When lactose binds to the repressor, it causes the repressor to fall off the operator, turning the operon on. Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Transcription f ...
DNA
... The importance of packing of DNA into chromosomes Chromosome is a compact form of the DNA that readily fits inside the cell To protect DNA from damage DNA in a chromosome can be transmitted efficiently to both daughter cells during cell division ...
... The importance of packing of DNA into chromosomes Chromosome is a compact form of the DNA that readily fits inside the cell To protect DNA from damage DNA in a chromosome can be transmitted efficiently to both daughter cells during cell division ...
The Genetic Code: The most fundamental concept in all biology
... Modern scientists are still working on how such a code could have evolved. As a part of their efforts, the attributes of the code (error mitigation; facilitating evolution, etc) were used to create algorithms and computer models to develop alternate codes that were equally efficient. Many different ...
... Modern scientists are still working on how such a code could have evolved. As a part of their efforts, the attributes of the code (error mitigation; facilitating evolution, etc) were used to create algorithms and computer models to develop alternate codes that were equally efficient. Many different ...
Chapter 10 (Sample questions)
... The sequence of bases on one strand of DNA could determine the a. sequence of bases in mRNA b. sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule c. sequence of bases in the other DNA strand d. all of the above choices are correct e. a and b are correct How does a cell use its DNA to create the cell itse ...
... The sequence of bases on one strand of DNA could determine the a. sequence of bases in mRNA b. sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule c. sequence of bases in the other DNA strand d. all of the above choices are correct e. a and b are correct How does a cell use its DNA to create the cell itse ...
Honors Biology Module 7 Cellular Reproduction
... When a cell needs to make a protein, its DNA has the plan for making that protein in a long series of threenucleotide base sequences. Messenger RNA reads this sequence and makes a “negative image” of the relevant portion of DNA. It then takes this series of nucleotide base sequences out to the ribo ...
... When a cell needs to make a protein, its DNA has the plan for making that protein in a long series of threenucleotide base sequences. Messenger RNA reads this sequence and makes a “negative image” of the relevant portion of DNA. It then takes this series of nucleotide base sequences out to the ribo ...
Review Topics for Final Part 1
... — What is hemimethylation? How does it let you distinguish the template strand? For how long? What sequence is methylated in bacteria? — MutL-MutS complex recognizes mismatch, MutH recognizes MutL-S and nearest methylated base: cleaves unmethylated strand opposite of methylation site — Different set ...
... — What is hemimethylation? How does it let you distinguish the template strand? For how long? What sequence is methylated in bacteria? — MutL-MutS complex recognizes mismatch, MutH recognizes MutL-S and nearest methylated base: cleaves unmethylated strand opposite of methylation site — Different set ...
Recombinant human RNA polymerase II CTD repeat
... DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together ...
... DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together ...
Genes and How They Work
... activator that is turned OFF in the presence of a substrate and a promotor that is turned ON in the presence of a product. Define a series of gene regulators that would turn a ‘cascade’ on and then off in series Define, promotor, activator and operator ...
... activator that is turned OFF in the presence of a substrate and a promotor that is turned ON in the presence of a product. Define a series of gene regulators that would turn a ‘cascade’ on and then off in series Define, promotor, activator and operator ...
CHAPTER 14
... mRNA molecules would bind to this column because they have a polyA tail. The string of adenine nucleotides in the polyA tail is complementary to stretch of thymine in the poly-dT column, so the two would hydrogen bond to each other. To purify mRNAs, one begins with a sample of cells; the cells need ...
... mRNA molecules would bind to this column because they have a polyA tail. The string of adenine nucleotides in the polyA tail is complementary to stretch of thymine in the poly-dT column, so the two would hydrogen bond to each other. To purify mRNAs, one begins with a sample of cells; the cells need ...
transcription
... This allows for the transcription of the genes controlled by the operator. In negative repressible operons, (the trp operon) transcription of the genes on the operon normally takes place. Repressor proteins are produced by a regulator gene but they are unable to bind to the operator in their normal ...
... This allows for the transcription of the genes controlled by the operator. In negative repressible operons, (the trp operon) transcription of the genes on the operon normally takes place. Repressor proteins are produced by a regulator gene but they are unable to bind to the operator in their normal ...
Bioinformatics III: Genomics
... respectively, are given. A strong increase in amino acid substitution rate occurred in the M. musculus lineage for the translocated fragment only. For comparison, the estimated numbers of synonymous substitutions in the Rattus, M. spretus and M. musculus branches are 12, 2 and 1 (respectively) for t ...
... respectively, are given. A strong increase in amino acid substitution rate occurred in the M. musculus lineage for the translocated fragment only. For comparison, the estimated numbers of synonymous substitutions in the Rattus, M. spretus and M. musculus branches are 12, 2 and 1 (respectively) for t ...
DNA
... 1. Protein enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to DNA. 2. RNA polymerase separates portion of DNA into two separate strands. 3. Free floating nucleotides in nucleus match their nitrogen bases with bases of “unzipped” DNA. DNA base code = C-G-A-T-A Complimentary RNA = G-C-U-A-U ...
... 1. Protein enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to DNA. 2. RNA polymerase separates portion of DNA into two separate strands. 3. Free floating nucleotides in nucleus match their nitrogen bases with bases of “unzipped” DNA. DNA base code = C-G-A-T-A Complimentary RNA = G-C-U-A-U ...
GenTech Unit 2 DNA
... 1. Protein enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to DNA. 2. RNA polymerase separates portion of DNA into two separate strands. 3. Free floating nucleotides in nucleus match their nitrogen bases with bases of “unzipped” DNA. DNA base code = C-G-A-T-A Complimentary RNA = G-C-U-A-U ...
... 1. Protein enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to DNA. 2. RNA polymerase separates portion of DNA into two separate strands. 3. Free floating nucleotides in nucleus match their nitrogen bases with bases of “unzipped” DNA. DNA base code = C-G-A-T-A Complimentary RNA = G-C-U-A-U ...
Document
... a. by studying karyotypes and pedigree charts b. by taking pictures of the baby before it is born c. by exploring new methods of genetic engineering d. by studying the baby after birth Sex-linked genes are genes that are on the a. X chromosome c. X and Y chromosome b. Y chromosome d. all chromosomes ...
... a. by studying karyotypes and pedigree charts b. by taking pictures of the baby before it is born c. by exploring new methods of genetic engineering d. by studying the baby after birth Sex-linked genes are genes that are on the a. X chromosome c. X and Y chromosome b. Y chromosome d. all chromosomes ...
chapter 17 and 18 study guide
... Promoter? A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place Repressor? A protein that inhibits gene transcription; in prokaryotes repressors bind to the DNA in or near the promoter; in eukaryotes repressors can bind ...
... Promoter? A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place Repressor? A protein that inhibits gene transcription; in prokaryotes repressors bind to the DNA in or near the promoter; in eukaryotes repressors can bind ...
From Gene to Protein
... Alternative RNA Splicing: produce different combinations of exons One gene can make more than one polypeptide! 20,000 genes 100,000 polypeptides ...
... Alternative RNA Splicing: produce different combinations of exons One gene can make more than one polypeptide! 20,000 genes 100,000 polypeptides ...
Test # 1. Which of the following is not an electron acceptor or carrier?
... What happens to the telomeres (ends) of most chromosomes with each round of replication? a) They get longer. b) They get shorter. c) They are unchanged. ...
... What happens to the telomeres (ends) of most chromosomes with each round of replication? a) They get longer. b) They get shorter. c) They are unchanged. ...
Lecture 12 - U of L Class Index
... Bacterial rRNA Processing • Bacterial rRNA precursors contain tRNAs and all 3 rRNA • rRNA are released from their precursors by RNase III and RNase E – RNase III is the enzyme that performs at least the initial cleavages that separate the individual large rRNAs – RNase E is another ribonuclease tha ...
... Bacterial rRNA Processing • Bacterial rRNA precursors contain tRNAs and all 3 rRNA • rRNA are released from their precursors by RNase III and RNase E – RNase III is the enzyme that performs at least the initial cleavages that separate the individual large rRNAs – RNase E is another ribonuclease tha ...
DNA Prokaryote Transcription Steps (updated February 2013)
... polymerase III transcribes 5S rDNA, tDNA and other snDNA genes.] Other transcription factors bind the CAAT box, GC boxes or CACCC boxes if present as well as enhancer or silencer sequences which may also be found in certain upstream regulatory sequences of a given structural gene promoter. Sometimes ...
... polymerase III transcribes 5S rDNA, tDNA and other snDNA genes.] Other transcription factors bind the CAAT box, GC boxes or CACCC boxes if present as well as enhancer or silencer sequences which may also be found in certain upstream regulatory sequences of a given structural gene promoter. Sometimes ...
Project 2 - MathWorks
... model. Beginning with all concentrations equal to zero, run a simulation for 50,000 steps, and plotting all concentrations versus time. Discuss what you observe. 2. Stochastic simulations will never give identical behavior each time, so repeat the simulation from (1) at least 20 times, plotting all ...
... model. Beginning with all concentrations equal to zero, run a simulation for 50,000 steps, and plotting all concentrations versus time. Discuss what you observe. 2. Stochastic simulations will never give identical behavior each time, so repeat the simulation from (1) at least 20 times, plotting all ...
DNA Transcription and Translation
... To identify the steps of transcription To define the enzymes involved To identify the product of translation ...
... To identify the steps of transcription To define the enzymes involved To identify the product of translation ...
Noncoding DNA - University of Mysore
... consequently, a significant proportion of molecular biological studies during the past few decades have been propelled by the concept that the noncoding DNA is “junk” or “selfish” or “parasitic”. On the other hand, sequencing of genomes of large number of species, ranging from bacteria to human, has ...
... consequently, a significant proportion of molecular biological studies during the past few decades have been propelled by the concept that the noncoding DNA is “junk” or “selfish” or “parasitic”. On the other hand, sequencing of genomes of large number of species, ranging from bacteria to human, has ...
Transcription PPT
... suggested that genes coded for enzymes each disease (phenotype) is caused by non-functional gene product ...
... suggested that genes coded for enzymes each disease (phenotype) is caused by non-functional gene product ...
RNA world
The RNA world refers to the self-replicating ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that were precursors to all current life on Earth. It is generally accepted that current life on Earth descends from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to exist.RNA stores genetic information like DNA, and catalyzes chemical reactions like an enzyme protein. It may, therefore, have played a major step in the evolution of cellular life. The RNA world would have eventually been replaced by the DNA, RNA and protein world of today, likely through an intermediate stage of ribonucleoprotein enzymes such as the ribosome and ribozymes, since proteins large enough to self-fold and have useful activities would only have come about after RNA was available to catalyze peptide ligation or amino acid polymerization. DNA is thought to have taken over the role of data storage due to its increased stability, while proteins, through a greater variety of monomers (amino acids), replaced RNA's role in specialized biocatalysis.The RNA world hypothesis is supported by many independent lines of evidence, such as the observations that RNA is central to the translation process and that small RNAs can catalyze all of the chemical group and information transfers required for life. The structure of the ribosome has been called the ""smoking gun,"" as it showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme, with a central core of RNA and no amino acid side chains within 18 angstroms of the active site where peptide bond formation is catalyzed. Many of the most critical components of cells (those that evolve the slowest) are composed mostly or entirely of RNA. Also, many critical cofactors (ATP, Acetyl-CoA, NADH, etc.) are either nucleotides or substances clearly related to them. This would mean that the RNA and nucleotide cofactors in modern cells are an evolutionary remnant of an RNA-based enzymatic system that preceded the protein-based one seen in all extant life.Evidence suggests chemical conditions (including the presence of boron, molybdenum and oxygen) for initially producing RNA molecules may have been better on the planet Mars than those on the planet Earth. If so, life-suitable molecules, originating on Mars, may have later migrated to Earth via panspermia or similar process.