CHEM642-07 Powerpoint
... the RNA are modified, the introns are removed by an enzymatically catalyzed RNA splicing reaction, and the resulting mRNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Although these steps are depicted as occurring one at a time, in a sequence, in reality they are coupled and different steps can ...
... the RNA are modified, the introns are removed by an enzymatically catalyzed RNA splicing reaction, and the resulting mRNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Although these steps are depicted as occurring one at a time, in a sequence, in reality they are coupled and different steps can ...
Exercise 5
... The following questions are designed to have you figure out what motivated that part of the research and what we have found out since 1982. Introduction (for a summer research proposal, submitted by T. Furutani, May, 1982) Maternal RNA (mtRNA) is the term that describes all of the RNA present in the ...
... The following questions are designed to have you figure out what motivated that part of the research and what we have found out since 1982. Introduction (for a summer research proposal, submitted by T. Furutani, May, 1982) Maternal RNA (mtRNA) is the term that describes all of the RNA present in the ...
File
... Gene expression is influenced by intra and extra-cellular environmental factors The order of bases on DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that are made The sequence of amino acids joined together in polypeptide chains determine the structure, shape, function of the protein produced ...
... Gene expression is influenced by intra and extra-cellular environmental factors The order of bases on DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that are made The sequence of amino acids joined together in polypeptide chains determine the structure, shape, function of the protein produced ...
Ch. 10, DNA and Proteins
... Elongation: as mRNA codons move through the ribosome, tRNA’s add specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain Termination and Disassembly: the process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released ...
... Elongation: as mRNA codons move through the ribosome, tRNA’s add specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain Termination and Disassembly: the process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released ...
DNA
... • Identify the parts of a DNA molecule and its structure. • Explain how DNA copies itself. • Describe the structure and function of each kind of RNA. ...
... • Identify the parts of a DNA molecule and its structure. • Explain how DNA copies itself. • Describe the structure and function of each kind of RNA. ...
Document
... retroviral RNA. They are called R-U5 and U3-R. U5 : the repeated sequence at the 5´ end of a retroviral RNA. U3 : the repeated sequence at the 3´ end of a retroviral RNA. long terminal repeat (LTR) : the sequence that is repeated at each end of the integrated retroviral genome. copy choice : ...
... retroviral RNA. They are called R-U5 and U3-R. U5 : the repeated sequence at the 5´ end of a retroviral RNA. U3 : the repeated sequence at the 3´ end of a retroviral RNA. long terminal repeat (LTR) : the sequence that is repeated at each end of the integrated retroviral genome. copy choice : ...
RNA PROCESSING AND RNPs
... sites within a precursor RNA exonucleases to trim the ends of a precursor RNA This general process is seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes for all types of RNA ...
... sites within a precursor RNA exonucleases to trim the ends of a precursor RNA This general process is seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes for all types of RNA ...
Clicker Review Exam #3 2013
... They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't ...
... They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't ...
Chapter 19: Viruses 1. Viral Structure & Reproduction What exactly is a Virus?
... maintain homeostasis in any way **It’s hard to “kill” something that’s not really alive, so antibiotics that kill bacteria, fungi, etc, do NOT harm viruses** ...
... maintain homeostasis in any way **It’s hard to “kill” something that’s not really alive, so antibiotics that kill bacteria, fungi, etc, do NOT harm viruses** ...
DNA
... •one strand of DNA acts as a template •RNA polymerase reads the DNA bases •RNA nucleotides are placed across from the complimentary DNA bases ...
... •one strand of DNA acts as a template •RNA polymerase reads the DNA bases •RNA nucleotides are placed across from the complimentary DNA bases ...
Bio1100Ch17W
... main processes linking gene to protein • The bridge between DNA and __________synthesis is RNA. • RNA differs from DNA 1. RNA contains ________ as its sugar (not deoxyribose) 2. _________ replaces thymine. AGTCAT becomes AGUCAU 3. An RNA molecule almost always consists of a ________ strand. ...
... main processes linking gene to protein • The bridge between DNA and __________synthesis is RNA. • RNA differs from DNA 1. RNA contains ________ as its sugar (not deoxyribose) 2. _________ replaces thymine. AGTCAT becomes AGUCAU 3. An RNA molecule almost always consists of a ________ strand. ...
Chapter 8 Protein Synthesis Study Guide
... Specifically, a locus on the human X chromosome contains such a stretch of nucleotides in which the triplet CGG is repeated. This causes a constriction in the X chromosome, which makes it quite fragile. This type of mutation is: _________________________ 2. In sickle-cell anemia, the gene for beta g ...
... Specifically, a locus on the human X chromosome contains such a stretch of nucleotides in which the triplet CGG is repeated. This causes a constriction in the X chromosome, which makes it quite fragile. This type of mutation is: _________________________ 2. In sickle-cell anemia, the gene for beta g ...
Cell Division, Genetics, Molecular Biology
... Proteins responsible for inherited traits Sequence of base pairs in DNA makes up genetic code of organism Genetic code determines how amino acids strung together (how proteins are made) ...
... Proteins responsible for inherited traits Sequence of base pairs in DNA makes up genetic code of organism Genetic code determines how amino acids strung together (how proteins are made) ...
a. Define chromosome? Describe the structure, functions and their
... tRNAs is to bond near amino acids and transfer them to the ribosomes, where on earth proteins are assembled according to the genetic code carried bymRNA 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) contains about 75 nucleotides, three of which are called anti-codons, and one amino acid. The tRNA reads the code and carrie ...
... tRNAs is to bond near amino acids and transfer them to the ribosomes, where on earth proteins are assembled according to the genetic code carried bymRNA 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) contains about 75 nucleotides, three of which are called anti-codons, and one amino acid. The tRNA reads the code and carrie ...
Gene Expression
... living organisms consist of cells. Humans have trillions of cells. Yeast - one cell. Cells are of many different types (blood, skin, nerve), but all arose from a single cell (the fertilized egg) Each* cell contains a complete copy of the genome (the program for making the organism), encoded in ...
... living organisms consist of cells. Humans have trillions of cells. Yeast - one cell. Cells are of many different types (blood, skin, nerve), but all arose from a single cell (the fertilized egg) Each* cell contains a complete copy of the genome (the program for making the organism), encoded in ...
I. Microbial Genetics (Chapter 7) A. Overview 1. all of the information
... b. wrong nucleotide excised and DNA polymerases fill the gap c. repairs thymine dimers 3. photoreactivation specific mechanism to split thymine dimers a. requires light activation b. does not remove or replace nucleotides 4. recombination repair restores damaged DNA for which there is no longer a te ...
... b. wrong nucleotide excised and DNA polymerases fill the gap c. repairs thymine dimers 3. photoreactivation specific mechanism to split thymine dimers a. requires light activation b. does not remove or replace nucleotides 4. recombination repair restores damaged DNA for which there is no longer a te ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
... Nucleotides composed of: Ribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen bases: ...
... Nucleotides composed of: Ribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen bases: ...
You Light Up My Life
... are proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains. The chains are sequences of amino acids that correspond to genes – sequences of nucleotide bases in DNA. ...
... are proteins. All proteins consist of polypeptide chains. The chains are sequences of amino acids that correspond to genes – sequences of nucleotide bases in DNA. ...
Father of Modern Genetics
... DNA (genes) and “unzips” the hydrogen bonds The RNA polymerase also begins the building of the RNA by adding RNA nucleotides in accordance with the DNA base sequence ...
... DNA (genes) and “unzips” the hydrogen bonds The RNA polymerase also begins the building of the RNA by adding RNA nucleotides in accordance with the DNA base sequence ...
DNA / RNA / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS / AP Biology
... phosphate) construct the following DNA and RNA molecules; transcribe the message into RNA when asked to do so; and translate the message into amino acids (protein) when directed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Cons ...
... phosphate) construct the following DNA and RNA molecules; transcribe the message into RNA when asked to do so; and translate the message into amino acids (protein) when directed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Cons ...
lecture 20
... If ribozymes evolve, they must have a way of changing and recording the change in its genome RNA evolved faster replication and a shorter genome In all the experiments, investigators had to add enzymes for ribozymes to replicate themselves ...
... If ribozymes evolve, they must have a way of changing and recording the change in its genome RNA evolved faster replication and a shorter genome In all the experiments, investigators had to add enzymes for ribozymes to replicate themselves ...
Chapter 13, 14 Rev
... The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA may determine the sequence of: a. Fatty acids in a fat molecule b. Amino acids in a protein molecule c. Sugars in a polysaccharide molecule d. All of the above choices are correct e. Bases in a protein molecule The sequence of nitrogen bases on ...
... The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA may determine the sequence of: a. Fatty acids in a fat molecule b. Amino acids in a protein molecule c. Sugars in a polysaccharide molecule d. All of the above choices are correct e. Bases in a protein molecule The sequence of nitrogen bases on ...
Eukaryotes - Daniel Guetta
... They're HUGE, because they contain "introns" that need to be removed before translation ...
... They're HUGE, because they contain "introns" that need to be removed before translation ...
Transcription and Processing
... (with the correct number of intervening spaces) of a bacterial promoter. Sigma factor, as part of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, recognizes and binds to these sequences. b. The mutated (transposed) sequences would not be a binding site for sigma factor. The two regions are not in the correct orienta ...
... (with the correct number of intervening spaces) of a bacterial promoter. Sigma factor, as part of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, recognizes and binds to these sequences. b. The mutated (transposed) sequences would not be a binding site for sigma factor. The two regions are not in the correct orienta ...
Week 3 Pre-Lecture Slides
... • What would happen to transcription if the -10 and -35 boxes were switched? What if the +1 was a different base? What if the termination sequence was lost? • There are four channels in the RNA polymerase protein leading from the core to the outside. Name each of these channels usefully based on t ...
... • What would happen to transcription if the -10 and -35 boxes were switched? What if the +1 was a different base? What if the termination sequence was lost? • There are four channels in the RNA polymerase protein leading from the core to the outside. Name each of these channels usefully based on t ...
RNA world
The RNA world refers to the self-replicating ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that were precursors to all current life on Earth. It is generally accepted that current life on Earth descends from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to exist.RNA stores genetic information like DNA, and catalyzes chemical reactions like an enzyme protein. It may, therefore, have played a major step in the evolution of cellular life. The RNA world would have eventually been replaced by the DNA, RNA and protein world of today, likely through an intermediate stage of ribonucleoprotein enzymes such as the ribosome and ribozymes, since proteins large enough to self-fold and have useful activities would only have come about after RNA was available to catalyze peptide ligation or amino acid polymerization. DNA is thought to have taken over the role of data storage due to its increased stability, while proteins, through a greater variety of monomers (amino acids), replaced RNA's role in specialized biocatalysis.The RNA world hypothesis is supported by many independent lines of evidence, such as the observations that RNA is central to the translation process and that small RNAs can catalyze all of the chemical group and information transfers required for life. The structure of the ribosome has been called the ""smoking gun,"" as it showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme, with a central core of RNA and no amino acid side chains within 18 angstroms of the active site where peptide bond formation is catalyzed. Many of the most critical components of cells (those that evolve the slowest) are composed mostly or entirely of RNA. Also, many critical cofactors (ATP, Acetyl-CoA, NADH, etc.) are either nucleotides or substances clearly related to them. This would mean that the RNA and nucleotide cofactors in modern cells are an evolutionary remnant of an RNA-based enzymatic system that preceded the protein-based one seen in all extant life.Evidence suggests chemical conditions (including the presence of boron, molybdenum and oxygen) for initially producing RNA molecules may have been better on the planet Mars than those on the planet Earth. If so, life-suitable molecules, originating on Mars, may have later migrated to Earth via panspermia or similar process.