Ch 12- DNA and RNA
... experiment in 1952 using bacteriophages – Bacteriophages- virus that infects bacteria, composed of DNA or RNA core and a protein coat – Used different radioactive markers to label the DNA and proteins of bacteriophages – The bacteriophages injected only DNA into the bacteria, not proteins ...
... experiment in 1952 using bacteriophages – Bacteriophages- virus that infects bacteria, composed of DNA or RNA core and a protein coat – Used different radioactive markers to label the DNA and proteins of bacteriophages – The bacteriophages injected only DNA into the bacteria, not proteins ...
PowerPoint Notes
... Hershey and Chase offered further evidence that DNA, not proteins, is the genetic material. Only the DNA of the old generation of viruses is incorporated into the new generation. ...
... Hershey and Chase offered further evidence that DNA, not proteins, is the genetic material. Only the DNA of the old generation of viruses is incorporated into the new generation. ...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN RNA BASED ASSAY SYSTEM TO
... probative evidence. In the first example, a sexual assault takes place involving vaginal intercourse whereby the female victim happens to be in menses. Blood is found on the suspect’s clothing and, according to DNA testing, is consistent with having originated from the victim. The defense argues tha ...
... probative evidence. In the first example, a sexual assault takes place involving vaginal intercourse whereby the female victim happens to be in menses. Blood is found on the suspect’s clothing and, according to DNA testing, is consistent with having originated from the victim. The defense argues tha ...
Qβ replicase discriminates between legitimate and illegitimate
... accomplishing this goal is provided by the concept of the RNA world, because RNA is the only type of molecules that can serve both as templates and catalysts for their amplification. ...
... accomplishing this goal is provided by the concept of the RNA world, because RNA is the only type of molecules that can serve both as templates and catalysts for their amplification. ...
DNA - hdueck
... the sugar are designated 1', 2', 3', 4' and 5'. It is the 1' carbon of the sugar that becomes bonded to the nitrogen atom at position N1 of a pyrimidine or N9 of a purine. RNA contains ribose. The resulting molecules are called nucleosides and can serve as elementary precursors for DNA (and RNA synt ...
... the sugar are designated 1', 2', 3', 4' and 5'. It is the 1' carbon of the sugar that becomes bonded to the nitrogen atom at position N1 of a pyrimidine or N9 of a purine. RNA contains ribose. The resulting molecules are called nucleosides and can serve as elementary precursors for DNA (and RNA synt ...
coding region of DNA. o Introns – non
... o Tissue-specific transcription factors. o Repressors present in some regions and absent in others. Elongation (step 2 of transcription). o RNA polymerase breaks interactions with transcription factors and escapes the promoter region to start elongation. o RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template ...
... o Tissue-specific transcription factors. o Repressors present in some regions and absent in others. Elongation (step 2 of transcription). o RNA polymerase breaks interactions with transcription factors and escapes the promoter region to start elongation. o RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template ...
Transcription and Translation
... creating a new polypeptide. The first amino acid on the polypeptide has a free amino group, so it is called the “Nterminal”. The last amino acid in a polypeptide has a free acid group, so it is called the “C-terminal”. ...
... creating a new polypeptide. The first amino acid on the polypeptide has a free amino group, so it is called the “Nterminal”. The last amino acid in a polypeptide has a free acid group, so it is called the “C-terminal”. ...
E1. A trait of pneumococci is the ability to synthesize a capsule
... phosphorus. One way to distinguish RNA and DNA is to provide bacteria with radiolabeled uracil in order to label RNA or provide bacteria with radiolabeled thymine to label DNA. (Note: Uracil is found only in RNA and thymine is found only in DNA.) If they had propagated T2 phage in E. coli cells expo ...
... phosphorus. One way to distinguish RNA and DNA is to provide bacteria with radiolabeled uracil in order to label RNA or provide bacteria with radiolabeled thymine to label DNA. (Note: Uracil is found only in RNA and thymine is found only in DNA.) If they had propagated T2 phage in E. coli cells expo ...
DNA - pupul.ir pupuol
... • RNA can be hydrolyzed by alkali to 2′,3′ cyclic diesters of the mononucleotides, • compounds that cannot be formed from alkali-treated DNA because of the absence of a 2′-hydroxyl group. • The alkali liability of RNA is useful both diagnostically and analytically. ...
... • RNA can be hydrolyzed by alkali to 2′,3′ cyclic diesters of the mononucleotides, • compounds that cannot be formed from alkali-treated DNA because of the absence of a 2′-hydroxyl group. • The alkali liability of RNA is useful both diagnostically and analytically. ...
Microbial Genetics
... One or more base pairs are inserted in the DNA molecule. One or more base pairs are deleted in the DNA molecule There is a rearrangement of sections in the DNA molecule. There is an exchange of DNA region with another DNA molecule ...
... One or more base pairs are inserted in the DNA molecule. One or more base pairs are deleted in the DNA molecule There is a rearrangement of sections in the DNA molecule. There is an exchange of DNA region with another DNA molecule ...
3D structures of RNA
... Unlike three dimensional structures of proteins, DNA molecules assume simple double helical structures independent of their sequences. There are three kinds of double helices that have been observed in DNA: type A, type B, and type Z, which differ in their geometries. ...
... Unlike three dimensional structures of proteins, DNA molecules assume simple double helical structures independent of their sequences. There are three kinds of double helices that have been observed in DNA: type A, type B, and type Z, which differ in their geometries. ...
8.4 Transcription
... • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; one gene growing RNA strands transcription copies a gene. – Replication makes DNA one copy; transcription can make many copies. ...
... • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; one gene growing RNA strands transcription copies a gene. – Replication makes DNA one copy; transcription can make many copies. ...
Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in
... Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The experimental organism used in most of our work is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables us to use a powerful combination of classical genetics, modern biochemistry and genomics/proteomics in our studies ...
... Our laboratory studies the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The experimental organism used in most of our work is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables us to use a powerful combination of classical genetics, modern biochemistry and genomics/proteomics in our studies ...
Osman et al Supplementary Materials 1. Supplementary Materials
... using Cutadapt version 1.2.1[4]. The option “-O 3” was set, so the 3' end of any reads which matched the adapter sequence over at least 3 bp was trimmed off. The reads were further trimmed to remove low quality bases, using Sickle version 1.200 with a minimum window quality score of 20. After trimmi ...
... using Cutadapt version 1.2.1[4]. The option “-O 3” was set, so the 3' end of any reads which matched the adapter sequence over at least 3 bp was trimmed off. The reads were further trimmed to remove low quality bases, using Sickle version 1.200 with a minimum window quality score of 20. After trimmi ...
Introduction to Molecular Genetics
... Endonucleases cleave DNA and RNA, by cutting between individual bonds Some endonucleases cleave one strand some cleave both strands at a specific point or sequence( restriction nucleasess) ...
... Endonucleases cleave DNA and RNA, by cutting between individual bonds Some endonucleases cleave one strand some cleave both strands at a specific point or sequence( restriction nucleasess) ...
AA G
... asisDNA to “RNA gene. processing”. While average enzyme, human the mRNA key molecule molecule for has the about manufacture ...
... asisDNA to “RNA gene. processing”. While average enzyme, human the mRNA key molecule molecule for has the about manufacture ...
The Central Dogma - rosedalegrade12biology
... mutations in the last position are often neutral. This is the “wobble hypothesis”. 3. Universality: The same RNA codons correspond to the same amino acids in almost all organisms. This is proof of a common ancestor and allows for genetic modification. This is incredibly strong evidence in support of ...
... mutations in the last position are often neutral. This is the “wobble hypothesis”. 3. Universality: The same RNA codons correspond to the same amino acids in almost all organisms. This is proof of a common ancestor and allows for genetic modification. This is incredibly strong evidence in support of ...
Gene Expression
... anitcodon UAC, will bind to AUG • The tRNA carries the animo acid specific to the mRNA sequence AUG, which is methionine. ...
... anitcodon UAC, will bind to AUG • The tRNA carries the animo acid specific to the mRNA sequence AUG, which is methionine. ...
DNA Structure and Function
... •Takes x-ray photographs of DNA •(1953) ____________ and ______________ •Use Franklin’s images to describe the structure of DNA •(1962) Watson, Crick, and Wilkins win the Nobel Prize, Franklin has already died from cancer (1958) so she does not get recognition ...
... •Takes x-ray photographs of DNA •(1953) ____________ and ______________ •Use Franklin’s images to describe the structure of DNA •(1962) Watson, Crick, and Wilkins win the Nobel Prize, Franklin has already died from cancer (1958) so she does not get recognition ...
Nucleic Acids Notes
... One reason (out of many) why it is important to know how the DNA is folded up in the cell. The DNA in all your cells is identical. Yet cells are different. For instance, the DNA in the eye cells is exactly the same as in the tongue cells. But it is packed differently, exposing different parts for r ...
... One reason (out of many) why it is important to know how the DNA is folded up in the cell. The DNA in all your cells is identical. Yet cells are different. For instance, the DNA in the eye cells is exactly the same as in the tongue cells. But it is packed differently, exposing different parts for r ...
General Replication Strategies for RNA Viruses
... Beard, previously of the Department of Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina. This work may not be reprinted without the prior knowledge and consent of its author. In addition to the chemical differences we have already talked about here, RNA is also shorter, and gen ...
... Beard, previously of the Department of Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina. This work may not be reprinted without the prior knowledge and consent of its author. In addition to the chemical differences we have already talked about here, RNA is also shorter, and gen ...
chapter14
... A cell’s DNA sequence (genes) contains all the information needed to make the molecules of life Gene expression • A multistep process including transcription and translation, by which genetic information encoded by a gene is converted into a structural or functional part of a cell or body ...
... A cell’s DNA sequence (genes) contains all the information needed to make the molecules of life Gene expression • A multistep process including transcription and translation, by which genetic information encoded by a gene is converted into a structural or functional part of a cell or body ...
Lecture 17 Protein synthesis pp101-110
... 10.8 The genetic code is the Rosetta stone of life – Characteristics of the genetic code – Triplet: Three nucleotides specify one amino acid – 61 codons correspond to amino acids – AUG codes for methionine and signals the start of transcription – 3 “stop” codons signal the end of translation ...
... 10.8 The genetic code is the Rosetta stone of life – Characteristics of the genetic code – Triplet: Three nucleotides specify one amino acid – 61 codons correspond to amino acids – AUG codes for methionine and signals the start of transcription – 3 “stop” codons signal the end of translation ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein.
... Eukaryotic RNA polymerases differ from those of prokaryotes and require transcription factors. They differ in how transcription is terminated. Their ribosomes also are different. ...
... Eukaryotic RNA polymerases differ from those of prokaryotes and require transcription factors. They differ in how transcription is terminated. Their ribosomes also are different. ...
Genetics BIOL 335 Optional Worksheet 1 solutions 1
... lac operator (Oc). This results in constitutive expression of downstream lac genes. However, since lacZ is defective (Z-), only lacY will be produced. The second allele (I+P-O+Z+Y-) has a non-functional promoter (P-); no transcription of downstream lac genes is possible. ...
... lac operator (Oc). This results in constitutive expression of downstream lac genes. However, since lacZ is defective (Z-), only lacY will be produced. The second allele (I+P-O+Z+Y-) has a non-functional promoter (P-); no transcription of downstream lac genes is possible. ...
RNA world
The RNA world refers to the self-replicating ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that were precursors to all current life on Earth. It is generally accepted that current life on Earth descends from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to exist.RNA stores genetic information like DNA, and catalyzes chemical reactions like an enzyme protein. It may, therefore, have played a major step in the evolution of cellular life. The RNA world would have eventually been replaced by the DNA, RNA and protein world of today, likely through an intermediate stage of ribonucleoprotein enzymes such as the ribosome and ribozymes, since proteins large enough to self-fold and have useful activities would only have come about after RNA was available to catalyze peptide ligation or amino acid polymerization. DNA is thought to have taken over the role of data storage due to its increased stability, while proteins, through a greater variety of monomers (amino acids), replaced RNA's role in specialized biocatalysis.The RNA world hypothesis is supported by many independent lines of evidence, such as the observations that RNA is central to the translation process and that small RNAs can catalyze all of the chemical group and information transfers required for life. The structure of the ribosome has been called the ""smoking gun,"" as it showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme, with a central core of RNA and no amino acid side chains within 18 angstroms of the active site where peptide bond formation is catalyzed. Many of the most critical components of cells (those that evolve the slowest) are composed mostly or entirely of RNA. Also, many critical cofactors (ATP, Acetyl-CoA, NADH, etc.) are either nucleotides or substances clearly related to them. This would mean that the RNA and nucleotide cofactors in modern cells are an evolutionary remnant of an RNA-based enzymatic system that preceded the protein-based one seen in all extant life.Evidence suggests chemical conditions (including the presence of boron, molybdenum and oxygen) for initially producing RNA molecules may have been better on the planet Mars than those on the planet Earth. If so, life-suitable molecules, originating on Mars, may have later migrated to Earth via panspermia or similar process.