![Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017725043_1-ccb4883fcc0ab1bcd9309d6d895908dc-300x300.png)
Continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing based on
... in this layer. Neurons positive for the marker reelin have stellate morphology and project to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (Klink & Alonso, 1997; Varga et al. 2010), while neurons positive for calbindin have a more pyramidal morphology and project to the CA1 region of the hippocampus (Varga ...
... in this layer. Neurons positive for the marker reelin have stellate morphology and project to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (Klink & Alonso, 1997; Varga et al. 2010), while neurons positive for calbindin have a more pyramidal morphology and project to the CA1 region of the hippocampus (Varga ...
BMP4 expression in the adult rat brain
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... is the ultimate challenge to neuroscience research. The brain is complex, and so are learning and remembering. However, despite the difficulties, the long years of work finally seem to be paying off. New approaches and new methods have evolved from old ones, and real progress has been made in unders ...
... is the ultimate challenge to neuroscience research. The brain is complex, and so are learning and remembering. However, despite the difficulties, the long years of work finally seem to be paying off. New approaches and new methods have evolved from old ones, and real progress has been made in unders ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited pop ...
... modulating the excitability of the neurons. The inhibition of excitability of the CA1 neurons by Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited pop ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... barrel field in rats was disrupted by transection of cortical gray matter between the whisker barrel displaying peakevoked activity and the recording sites, suggesting that the underlying anatomical connection involved shallow axons or axon collaterals running horizontally through cortical gray matt ...
... barrel field in rats was disrupted by transection of cortical gray matter between the whisker barrel displaying peakevoked activity and the recording sites, suggesting that the underlying anatomical connection involved shallow axons or axon collaterals running horizontally through cortical gray matt ...
Wirth et al., 2009, Neuron
... learning of novel object-place-response associations. Recordings were made throughout the full anterior-posterior extent of the hippocampus, and based on MRI reconstructions, they appeared to include neurons from all hippocampal subdivisions (Figure 1D). We did not attempt to select cells based on t ...
... learning of novel object-place-response associations. Recordings were made throughout the full anterior-posterior extent of the hippocampus, and based on MRI reconstructions, they appeared to include neurons from all hippocampal subdivisions (Figure 1D). We did not attempt to select cells based on t ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... Behavioral flexibility is vital for survival in an environment of changing contingencies. The nucleus accumbens may play an important role in behavioral flexibility, representing learned stimulus – reward associations in neural activity during response selection and learning from results. To investi ...
... Behavioral flexibility is vital for survival in an environment of changing contingencies. The nucleus accumbens may play an important role in behavioral flexibility, representing learned stimulus – reward associations in neural activity during response selection and learning from results. To investi ...
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
pdf
... approach. Each cell represents a specific comparison between two conditions. Darkness indicates degree of expected pattern similarity. Four example comparisons are outlined. (b) Logic of network analysis. Whole-brain beta time-series correlation (left, five example voxel time series) was performed to ...
... approach. Each cell represents a specific comparison between two conditions. Darkness indicates degree of expected pattern similarity. Four example comparisons are outlined. (b) Logic of network analysis. Whole-brain beta time-series correlation (left, five example voxel time series) was performed to ...
FREE Sample Here
... 77. Under what conditions is it impossible for a stimulus to produce an action potential? A. if the membrane is in its absolute refractory period B. if it occurs at the same time as a hyperpolarizing stimulus C. if sodium ions are more concentrated outside the cell than inside D. if the potassium ga ...
... 77. Under what conditions is it impossible for a stimulus to produce an action potential? A. if the membrane is in its absolute refractory period B. if it occurs at the same time as a hyperpolarizing stimulus C. if sodium ions are more concentrated outside the cell than inside D. if the potassium ga ...
Characterising nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the plant parasitic
... Nematoda, which also includes the free-living model genetic nematode C. elegans. We explored the idea that the neurobiological basis of C. elegans locomotion is likely to be conserved between nematodes and provide a route to new molecular targets for pest control. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the excitato ...
... Nematoda, which also includes the free-living model genetic nematode C. elegans. We explored the idea that the neurobiological basis of C. elegans locomotion is likely to be conserved between nematodes and provide a route to new molecular targets for pest control. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the excitato ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
... It was hypothesized that the male rats would be able to discriminate between the odors heptanone and amyl acetate. This hypothesis was correct in predicting that the rats would associate the presence of smell with a reward. As stated in Figure 2, the performance increased after each consecutive sess ...
... It was hypothesized that the male rats would be able to discriminate between the odors heptanone and amyl acetate. This hypothesis was correct in predicting that the rats would associate the presence of smell with a reward. As stated in Figure 2, the performance increased after each consecutive sess ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... and then split into two parallel pathways directed to the temporal and parietal lobes. These pathways analyze the same sensory information in different ways that came to be known as the what and where streams. ...
... and then split into two parallel pathways directed to the temporal and parietal lobes. These pathways analyze the same sensory information in different ways that came to be known as the what and where streams. ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is reportedly important for object recognition memory, with supporting physiological evidence obtained largely from primate studies. Whether neurons in the rodent PRC also exhibit similar physiological correlates of object recognition, however, remains to be determined. W ...
... The perirhinal cortex (PRC) is reportedly important for object recognition memory, with supporting physiological evidence obtained largely from primate studies. Whether neurons in the rodent PRC also exhibit similar physiological correlates of object recognition, however, remains to be determined. W ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
OSBP coupled with ER-resident protein FAN is essential
... bursicon. In control flies, intensive anti-bursicon staining signals were observed in the soma of CCAP neurons, including bursicon-producing neurons in subesophageal (BSEG) and abdominal ganglions (BAG) (Figure 1). In addition, axons with bursicon-positive puncta were found both between the BSEG neu ...
... bursicon. In control flies, intensive anti-bursicon staining signals were observed in the soma of CCAP neurons, including bursicon-producing neurons in subesophageal (BSEG) and abdominal ganglions (BAG) (Figure 1). In addition, axons with bursicon-positive puncta were found both between the BSEG neu ...
Master Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... Early during the development the mammalian cerebral cortex is a simple, continuous, sheet of proliferating neuroblasts, Later, it consists of several areas, each characterized by peculiar anatomical and functional properties. These areas form a map that is similar from one individual to another and ...
... Early during the development the mammalian cerebral cortex is a simple, continuous, sheet of proliferating neuroblasts, Later, it consists of several areas, each characterized by peculiar anatomical and functional properties. These areas form a map that is similar from one individual to another and ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
Simulations of the Role of the Muscarinic-Activated Calcium- I in Entorhinal Neuronal
... drites lumped together. The addition of the separate initial segment compartment differs from the pyramidal cell. The lengths and cross sections of the three principal dendrite compartments were adjusted to give the dendrite a length constant of 2 (sealed-end condition). The compartment profiles are ...
... drites lumped together. The addition of the separate initial segment compartment differs from the pyramidal cell. The lengths and cross sections of the three principal dendrite compartments were adjusted to give the dendrite a length constant of 2 (sealed-end condition). The compartment profiles are ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... (area CIP). During the single-unit recording, monkeys were required to perform the delayed-matching-to-sample (successive same/different discrimination) of discriminating surface orientation in stereoscopic computer graphics. Of 211 visually responsive neurons, 66 were intensively tested using the s ...
... (area CIP). During the single-unit recording, monkeys were required to perform the delayed-matching-to-sample (successive same/different discrimination) of discriminating surface orientation in stereoscopic computer graphics. Of 211 visually responsive neurons, 66 were intensively tested using the s ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... 1. Introduction The cellular and dendritic mechanisms involved in sensory information processing within single neurons and among networks of cells have been intensely investigated in the past few years [34,78]. Still very little is known, however, about how biophysical properties of nerve cells impl ...
... 1. Introduction The cellular and dendritic mechanisms involved in sensory information processing within single neurons and among networks of cells have been intensely investigated in the past few years [34,78]. Still very little is known, however, about how biophysical properties of nerve cells impl ...
PowerPoint
... • The pons is located superior to the medulla. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pn ...
... • The pons is located superior to the medulla. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pn ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... fields were performed, and the animals remained in the dimly illuminated and relatively quiet laboratory. Only innocuous somatic stimuli (small deflections of the facial vibrissae) were used in the experiments. The condition of the animals was assessed by frequent observation of the electrocardiogra ...
... fields were performed, and the animals remained in the dimly illuminated and relatively quiet laboratory. Only innocuous somatic stimuli (small deflections of the facial vibrissae) were used in the experiments. The condition of the animals was assessed by frequent observation of the electrocardiogra ...
Biomechanics Models Motor Cortex Using Spinal Cord and Limb
... of optimal control (Chow and Jacobson 1971; Engelbrecht 2001; Pandy 2001), which proposes that the system operates by optimizing a given cost function under the appropriate constraints. A second possible approach is to simply postulate an empirical redundancy resolution rule, verifying that it indee ...
... of optimal control (Chow and Jacobson 1971; Engelbrecht 2001; Pandy 2001), which proposes that the system operates by optimizing a given cost function under the appropriate constraints. A second possible approach is to simply postulate an empirical redundancy resolution rule, verifying that it indee ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.