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MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... Table 1 shows three levels of causal complexity. The simplest causal chain that an actor – whether robotic or biological – may experience is the perception of its own actions. The temporal aspect is immediate: visual information is tightly synchronized to motor commands. Once this causal connection ...
... Table 1 shows three levels of causal complexity. The simplest causal chain that an actor – whether robotic or biological – may experience is the perception of its own actions. The temporal aspect is immediate: visual information is tightly synchronized to motor commands. Once this causal connection ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... to point processes using voltage thresholding, simplifying the design of decoding algorithms, especially when large MEAs are employed. Further analysis using automated or semiautomated clustering algorithms or manual feature detection allows classification of multiple individual neurons recorded fro ...
... to point processes using voltage thresholding, simplifying the design of decoding algorithms, especially when large MEAs are employed. Further analysis using automated or semiautomated clustering algorithms or manual feature detection allows classification of multiple individual neurons recorded fro ...
Cholinergic Elements in the Zebrafish Central Nervous System
... subdivisions, including the octavolateral area, reticular formation, and motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. ChAT-ir elements in this area were restricted to the descending octaval nucleus, the octaval efferent nucleus and the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Additionally, spinal cord motoneurons ...
... subdivisions, including the octavolateral area, reticular formation, and motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. ChAT-ir elements in this area were restricted to the descending octaval nucleus, the octaval efferent nucleus and the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Additionally, spinal cord motoneurons ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with
... of axonal injury than that seen in the classic DAI with the development of neuroimaging techniques, the term “TAI” has been used for these more limited injuries: in practice, TAI has been used in milder cases than DAI [40]. The current tendency is to use one term “TAI” including DAI and the unificat ...
... of axonal injury than that seen in the classic DAI with the development of neuroimaging techniques, the term “TAI” has been used for these more limited injuries: in practice, TAI has been used in milder cases than DAI [40]. The current tendency is to use one term “TAI” including DAI and the unificat ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... sured per embryo at the lateral and medial lev- neuronsdisplaycellbodiesorientedfirstlaterally(enroutetotheirfinalposition)andthenalongtheA–Paxisastheyreachtheirfinallateral els, and angles were grouped (0/45°, 45/90°, position(H–J),cellbodiesinFzd3⫺/⫺ miceareorientedinseveraldifferentdirections,man ...
... sured per embryo at the lateral and medial lev- neuronsdisplaycellbodiesorientedfirstlaterally(enroutetotheirfinalposition)andthenalongtheA–Paxisastheyreachtheirfinallateral els, and angles were grouped (0/45°, 45/90°, position(H–J),cellbodiesinFzd3⫺/⫺ miceareorientedinseveraldifferentdirections,man ...
The Basal Ganglia
... more than lateral to primary reward during acquisition of a delayed response task. • So, the induction of behavioural reactions is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the activation of dopamine neurons. Neither the receipt of reward nor the prediction of reward are necessary condition ...
... more than lateral to primary reward during acquisition of a delayed response task. • So, the induction of behavioural reactions is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the activation of dopamine neurons. Neither the receipt of reward nor the prediction of reward are necessary condition ...
Brain Storm - School of Rehabilitation Therapy
... The meningies consist of the following three layers: • Dura mater (L. tough mother): consists of two layers in the brain (only one in the spinal cord!) o Periosteal layer (next to bone) Note this is not continuous in the spinal cord creating a ‘real space’ the epidural space, which is filled with fa ...
... The meningies consist of the following three layers: • Dura mater (L. tough mother): consists of two layers in the brain (only one in the spinal cord!) o Periosteal layer (next to bone) Note this is not continuous in the spinal cord creating a ‘real space’ the epidural space, which is filled with fa ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
Ch 1 Intro Anatomy Physiology
... it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed. An effector is a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition. ...
... it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed. An effector is a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition. ...
Change of vanilloid receptor 1 expression in dorsal root ganglion
... [6,7]. Two recent experiments performed in mutant mice that lack VR1 demonstrated that VR1 was essential for hyperalgesia induced by either acid or heat [8,9]. Previous reports have concentrated on the role of VR1 during a relatively short period (r1 week) following inflammatory nociception. Therefo ...
... [6,7]. Two recent experiments performed in mutant mice that lack VR1 demonstrated that VR1 was essential for hyperalgesia induced by either acid or heat [8,9]. Previous reports have concentrated on the role of VR1 during a relatively short period (r1 week) following inflammatory nociception. Therefo ...
Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... Wagner, 1996; Zhang, Tao, Holt, Harris, & Poo, 1998; Bi & Poo, 1998; Sejnowski, 1999). Information regarding the postsynaptic activity of the cell is conveyed back to the dendritic locations of synapses by backpropagating action potentials from the soma (Stuart & Sakmann, 1994). In this article, we ...
... Wagner, 1996; Zhang, Tao, Holt, Harris, & Poo, 1998; Bi & Poo, 1998; Sejnowski, 1999). Information regarding the postsynaptic activity of the cell is conveyed back to the dendritic locations of synapses by backpropagating action potentials from the soma (Stuart & Sakmann, 1994). In this article, we ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to investigate the relationship between these two labels, alternate 40-pm sections were reacted for HRP and cytochrome ...
... the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to investigate the relationship between these two labels, alternate 40-pm sections were reacted for HRP and cytochrome ...
Virtual Fly Brain – under the hood.
... MBc & LH glomerulus terminal arbour of dendrite fills glomerulus DL1, receives synapses ...
... MBc & LH glomerulus terminal arbour of dendrite fills glomerulus DL1, receives synapses ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... late with differences in hippocampal size, with males being larger (Sherry et al., 1996). In brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), a brood-parasite, females search for host nests in which to lay their eggs during the breeding season. Males do not express such behavior and, as predicted, the relati ...
... late with differences in hippocampal size, with males being larger (Sherry et al., 1996). In brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), a brood-parasite, females search for host nests in which to lay their eggs during the breeding season. Males do not express such behavior and, as predicted, the relati ...
Magnetic Susceptibility Tensor: Imaging and Modeling
... A susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) technique was proposed to measure and quantify susceptibility as a rank-2 tensor (5). This technique relies on the measurement of frequency offsets at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. The orientation dependence of susceptibility is ...
... A susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) technique was proposed to measure and quantify susceptibility as a rank-2 tensor (5). This technique relies on the measurement of frequency offsets at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. The orientation dependence of susceptibility is ...
Presynaptic Modulation of the Retinogeniculate Synapse
... Modulatory projections from brainstem nuclei and intrinsic thalamic interneurons play a significant role in modifying sensory information as it is relayed from the thalamus to the cortex. In the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), neurotransmitters released from these modulatory inputs can affect the ...
... Modulatory projections from brainstem nuclei and intrinsic thalamic interneurons play a significant role in modifying sensory information as it is relayed from the thalamus to the cortex. In the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), neurotransmitters released from these modulatory inputs can affect the ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... similar stimulation of the nasopharyngeal region persisted in 73 % of tests, however, with a reduced intensity compared to the pre-lesion conditions. The pontine respiratory group seems to be an important source of the facilitatory inputs to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough, expiration, ...
... similar stimulation of the nasopharyngeal region persisted in 73 % of tests, however, with a reduced intensity compared to the pre-lesion conditions. The pontine respiratory group seems to be an important source of the facilitatory inputs to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough, expiration, ...
Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... with the aversive outcome, these neurons nonetheless had acquired an ability to discriminate by anticipating the positive or negative consequences of making a response. Consistent with this interpretation, further analyses indicated that selectivity developed as the rat learned the discrimination pr ...
... with the aversive outcome, these neurons nonetheless had acquired an ability to discriminate by anticipating the positive or negative consequences of making a response. Consistent with this interpretation, further analyses indicated that selectivity developed as the rat learned the discrimination pr ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... LP neurons. A. Intracellular recording from an LP neu? ron isolated from presynaptic inputs from the pyloric network by application of 105 M picrotoxin and a sucrose block on the input nerve. Proctolin was applied at the upward arrow from a puffer pipette (0.5 see puff). Note the slight depolarizati ...
... LP neurons. A. Intracellular recording from an LP neu? ron isolated from presynaptic inputs from the pyloric network by application of 105 M picrotoxin and a sucrose block on the input nerve. Proctolin was applied at the upward arrow from a puffer pipette (0.5 see puff). Note the slight depolarizati ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
BMP4 expression in the adult rat brain
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
and “Wanting” Linked to Reward Deficiency
... attributed greater incentive salience (wanting) to a sweet reward in the runway test. But sucrose taste failed to elicit higher orofacial hedonic liking reactions from mutant mice in an affective taste reactivity test. These results indicated that chronically elevated extracellular DA facilitated wa ...
... attributed greater incentive salience (wanting) to a sweet reward in the runway test. But sucrose taste failed to elicit higher orofacial hedonic liking reactions from mutant mice in an affective taste reactivity test. These results indicated that chronically elevated extracellular DA facilitated wa ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.