Središnja medicinska knjižnica
... In this study an indirect method of BTX-A detection (by cleaved SNAP-25 immunolabeling) was used. Antibody specificity to BTX-A-truncated and not to the intact SNAP-25 was previously confirmed by BTX-A injections into the rat hippocampus and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Wester ...
... In this study an indirect method of BTX-A detection (by cleaved SNAP-25 immunolabeling) was used. Antibody specificity to BTX-A-truncated and not to the intact SNAP-25 was previously confirmed by BTX-A injections into the rat hippocampus and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Wester ...
(c) Transverse plane - E-Learning/An
... trauma (as often happens in an automobile accident, for example), the most vulnerable abdominopelvic organs are those within the abdominal cavity, because the cavity walls of that portion are formed only of trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater de ...
... trauma (as often happens in an automobile accident, for example), the most vulnerable abdominopelvic organs are those within the abdominal cavity, because the cavity walls of that portion are formed only of trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater de ...
Anti-Apoptotic Proteins in Nerve Cell Survival and
... subset of cell death in C. Elegans since mutations in these genes block the death of certain neural cells (Ellis and Horvitz, 1991a). However, mutations in ces-1 and ces-2 do not affect cell death in all cell types indicating that several parallel mechanisms control the decision making step of apopt ...
... subset of cell death in C. Elegans since mutations in these genes block the death of certain neural cells (Ellis and Horvitz, 1991a). However, mutations in ces-1 and ces-2 do not affect cell death in all cell types indicating that several parallel mechanisms control the decision making step of apopt ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... • Cells that send and receive signals 2. Neuroglia (glial cells) • Cells that support and protect neurons ...
... • Cells that send and receive signals 2. Neuroglia (glial cells) • Cells that support and protect neurons ...
the functional properties of the light
... neurons activated by visual stimuli were observed in the earliest studies of the inferior parietal lobule (Hyvarinen and Poranen, 1974; Lynch et al., 1973a; Mountcastle et al., 1975) and have since been studied by Goldberg and Robinson (1977, 1978), Robinson and Goldberg (1977a, b), Robinson et al. ...
... neurons activated by visual stimuli were observed in the earliest studies of the inferior parietal lobule (Hyvarinen and Poranen, 1974; Lynch et al., 1973a; Mountcastle et al., 1975) and have since been studied by Goldberg and Robinson (1977, 1978), Robinson and Goldberg (1977a, b), Robinson et al. ...
A Confocal Laser Microscopic Study of Enkephalin
... predict that opioid afferents and opioid receptors would be differentially distributed onto RVM on-, off-, and neutral cells. The present study investigates the former possibility by determining the relative distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive (ENK-IR) swellings onto physiologically characteri ...
... predict that opioid afferents and opioid receptors would be differentially distributed onto RVM on-, off-, and neutral cells. The present study investigates the former possibility by determining the relative distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive (ENK-IR) swellings onto physiologically characteri ...
Spinal Cord
... the best choices because the extensive vertebral column injuries are not consistent with the typical presentation of any of these entities. ...
... the best choices because the extensive vertebral column injuries are not consistent with the typical presentation of any of these entities. ...
Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming
... The lamprey has ¢ns but they do not seem to be of much importance during normal swimming. The mechanical waves are generated by coordinated contractions of longitudinal muscle ¢bres located on both sides of the body. These contractions are in turn driven by waves of motor neuronal bursts of activity ...
... The lamprey has ¢ns but they do not seem to be of much importance during normal swimming. The mechanical waves are generated by coordinated contractions of longitudinal muscle ¢bres located on both sides of the body. These contractions are in turn driven by waves of motor neuronal bursts of activity ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
... FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs were applied via Hamilton syringe in amounts of 100 nl. In most cases the ...
Day 3 - EE Sharif
... A lot of debate concerning what is actually represented what is represented depends in part on how it is subsequently used Have to know how the system works in order to know what it represents. we have a fairly comprehensive understanding of what is actually represented in the brain Information enco ...
... A lot of debate concerning what is actually represented what is represented depends in part on how it is subsequently used Have to know how the system works in order to know what it represents. we have a fairly comprehensive understanding of what is actually represented in the brain Information enco ...
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after
... humans and animal models mainly focused on cerebral outcomes, and little is known about the mechanisms that may affect the brainstem and the spinal cord. Dysfunctions of neuromodulatory systems, such as the serotonergic (5-HT) projections, critical for the development of neural networks, have been p ...
... humans and animal models mainly focused on cerebral outcomes, and little is known about the mechanisms that may affect the brainstem and the spinal cord. Dysfunctions of neuromodulatory systems, such as the serotonergic (5-HT) projections, critical for the development of neural networks, have been p ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
Vibration Sensitivity and a Computational Theory for Prey
... and address the more general question of how animals make sense of mechanical information propagating through space. For this we present a computational model conceived for the specific circumstances and behaviors of sand scorpions but simple enough to apply as a general theory for perception of vib ...
... and address the more general question of how animals make sense of mechanical information propagating through space. For this we present a computational model conceived for the specific circumstances and behaviors of sand scorpions but simple enough to apply as a general theory for perception of vib ...
alzheimer-like changes of protein kinase b and glycogen synthase
... 2004; Hoyer and Frőlich, 2005). The late-onset type of Alzheimer’s disease is associated with glucose utilization abnormalities distributed all over the cerebral cortex, and particularly in structures with both high glucose demands and high insulin sensitivity (Henneberg and Hoyer, 1995). Neuronal g ...
... 2004; Hoyer and Frőlich, 2005). The late-onset type of Alzheimer’s disease is associated with glucose utilization abnormalities distributed all over the cerebral cortex, and particularly in structures with both high glucose demands and high insulin sensitivity (Henneberg and Hoyer, 1995). Neuronal g ...
Topography of Four Classes of Kenyon Cells in the Mushroom
... connections with dendrites of extrinsic (output) neurons. In this study, we examined the morphology of Kenyon cells in the cockroach by using Golgi stains and found that they can be classified into four classes (K1, K2, K3, and K4), according to the diameter, location, and morphology of the cell bod ...
... connections with dendrites of extrinsic (output) neurons. In this study, we examined the morphology of Kenyon cells in the cockroach by using Golgi stains and found that they can be classified into four classes (K1, K2, K3, and K4), according to the diameter, location, and morphology of the cell bod ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... medium for fluorescence (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). PDH immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These w ...
... medium for fluorescence (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). PDH immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These w ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... Buneo, 2002), leaving object recognition mechanisms in the temporal cortex with only a single relevant stimulus at a time (Desimone and Duncan, 1995). However, in most common visual scenes, viewers rarely know the specific location of the relevant object in advance — instead, they must search for it, ...
... Buneo, 2002), leaving object recognition mechanisms in the temporal cortex with only a single relevant stimulus at a time (Desimone and Duncan, 1995). However, in most common visual scenes, viewers rarely know the specific location of the relevant object in advance — instead, they must search for it, ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... Function (cont’d.) • Butterfly-shaped • Two partially separated hemispheres connected by vermis • Functions – Coordinating muscular movements – Maintaining posture – Maintaining balance ...
... Function (cont’d.) • Butterfly-shaped • Two partially separated hemispheres connected by vermis • Functions – Coordinating muscular movements – Maintaining posture – Maintaining balance ...
DescendSC10
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
The Muscular System and Integumentary System
... • Each myofibril is made of even smaller structures called filaments • Thick and thin filaments alternate to create the striated appearance of muscle cells • Thick filaments are made of a protein called ...
... • Each myofibril is made of even smaller structures called filaments • Thick and thin filaments alternate to create the striated appearance of muscle cells • Thick filaments are made of a protein called ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... data help to shed light on the nature of input–output connectivity in the striatum, and the types of information likely transmitted by cortical inputs to striatal output cells. This paper will consider (1) the types of events signaled by phasic midbrain DA neurons to their striatal recipients, (2) D ...
... data help to shed light on the nature of input–output connectivity in the striatum, and the types of information likely transmitted by cortical inputs to striatal output cells. This paper will consider (1) the types of events signaled by phasic midbrain DA neurons to their striatal recipients, (2) D ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... of S stimuli. The sparseness has a maximum value of 1.0 and a minimum value close to zero (1/S, if a neuron responded to only one of the ,S stimuli in a set of stimuli). [The interpretation of this measure can be made clear by means of an example. If a neuron had a binary firing rate distribution, w ...
... of S stimuli. The sparseness has a maximum value of 1.0 and a minimum value close to zero (1/S, if a neuron responded to only one of the ,S stimuli in a set of stimuli). [The interpretation of this measure can be made clear by means of an example. If a neuron had a binary firing rate distribution, w ...
Amyloid inhibits retinoic acid synthesis exacerbating Alzheimer
... observed increase in activity of an alpha secretase, ADAM10, thus favouring the non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor ...
... observed increase in activity of an alpha secretase, ADAM10, thus favouring the non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.