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Neural Coding: Higher Order Temporal Patterns in the
... is based on the use of cross correlation techniques, usually applied to the activity of pairs (sometimes triplets) of neurons recorded under appropriate stimulus conditions. The result is a time-averaged measure of the temporal correlation among the spiking events of the observed neurons under thos ...
... is based on the use of cross correlation techniques, usually applied to the activity of pairs (sometimes triplets) of neurons recorded under appropriate stimulus conditions. The result is a time-averaged measure of the temporal correlation among the spiking events of the observed neurons under thos ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying map patterns that are observed in non-rodent species, but characteristic features of these patterns are preserved across a wide range of evolutionarily distant species. Specifically, primate and cat V1 orie ...
... It is not known whether there is any functional significance to the specific smoothly varying map patterns that are observed in non-rodent species, but characteristic features of these patterns are preserved across a wide range of evolutionarily distant species. Specifically, primate and cat V1 orie ...
Biology 218 – Human Anatomy Lecture Outline Adapted from Martini
... Naming the tracts If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers informatio ...
... Naming the tracts If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers informatio ...
BIO 218 F 2012 Ch 15 Martini Lecture Outline
... Naming the tracts If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers informatio ...
... Naming the tracts If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a motor tract that delivers informatio ...
Neural analysis of sound frequency in insects
... An important function of nervous systems is sensory processing, that is, the extraction of behaviorally relevant information from the environment. Insects provide favorable model systems for studying sensory processing, for a number of reasons. First, they offer the usual advantage of invertebrate m ...
... An important function of nervous systems is sensory processing, that is, the extraction of behaviorally relevant information from the environment. Insects provide favorable model systems for studying sensory processing, for a number of reasons. First, they offer the usual advantage of invertebrate m ...
Beyond Control: The Dynamics of Brain-Body
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
1) Answers: (a), (b), and (d)
... continue eating provided that they are presented with different food. 30) Answer: False. A vagotomy (the cutting of the vagus nerve) abolishes the satiating effects of glucose infusions into the duodenum. Fats infused into the duodenum can also produce satiety, but in this case the link to the brain ...
... continue eating provided that they are presented with different food. 30) Answer: False. A vagotomy (the cutting of the vagus nerve) abolishes the satiating effects of glucose infusions into the duodenum. Fats infused into the duodenum can also produce satiety, but in this case the link to the brain ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... I. INTRODUCTION The establishment of cell polarity is crucial for the development of tissues and organs (205, 311, 317). Various types of cell polarity are found in the human body, including apicobasal polarity in epithelial cells, front-rear polarity in migrating cells, and axon-dendrite polarity i ...
... I. INTRODUCTION The establishment of cell polarity is crucial for the development of tissues and organs (205, 311, 317). Various types of cell polarity are found in the human body, including apicobasal polarity in epithelial cells, front-rear polarity in migrating cells, and axon-dendrite polarity i ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
Neural Conduction - U
... Acetylcholine • ACh is the small molecule transmitter at neuromuscular junctions (where neuron meets muscle cell) at many synapses in the ANS, and at CNS synapses; • ACh is the only neurotransmitter known to be deactivated in the synapse by enzymatic degradation rather than by uptake; it is deactiv ...
... Acetylcholine • ACh is the small molecule transmitter at neuromuscular junctions (where neuron meets muscle cell) at many synapses in the ANS, and at CNS synapses; • ACh is the only neurotransmitter known to be deactivated in the synapse by enzymatic degradation rather than by uptake; it is deactiv ...
(fMRI) in Brain Tumour Patients
... The choice of active and baseline conditions is driven by the brain function of interest. Typical tasks to induce motor activation are finger tapping (Figure 1), wrist flexion, foot tapping, and lip pouting, for somatotopic mapping along the motor cortex. Commonly used tasks to activate the language ...
... The choice of active and baseline conditions is driven by the brain function of interest. Typical tasks to induce motor activation are finger tapping (Figure 1), wrist flexion, foot tapping, and lip pouting, for somatotopic mapping along the motor cortex. Commonly used tasks to activate the language ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... the structure in question becomes proportionally smaller or less numerous with increases in the size of the reference variable. The microanatomical organization of the cerebral cortex revealed by staining for biochemical substances using techniques such as immunohistochemistry and enzyme or lectin h ...
... the structure in question becomes proportionally smaller or less numerous with increases in the size of the reference variable. The microanatomical organization of the cerebral cortex revealed by staining for biochemical substances using techniques such as immunohistochemistry and enzyme or lectin h ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... refer to a class of steroid compounds, of which 17bestradiol (also known as estradiol and often abbreviated to E2) is considered to be the most biologically active form (Blaustein, 2008). Throughout this review we will interchange between these terms. We use the term cognition, or cognitive function ...
... refer to a class of steroid compounds, of which 17bestradiol (also known as estradiol and often abbreviated to E2) is considered to be the most biologically active form (Blaustein, 2008). Throughout this review we will interchange between these terms. We use the term cognition, or cognitive function ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through release of NMDA receptor-based effects in up-state. Coherent cortical activation imposed experimentally can lead to activation of immediate-early gen ...
... would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through release of NMDA receptor-based effects in up-state. Coherent cortical activation imposed experimentally can lead to activation of immediate-early gen ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... Figure 2. Behavioral tasks that depend on the hippocampus (HPC), amygdala and ventral striatum (VS). (a) Aversive cue and context conditioning. In this task, the rat learns that a discrete cue [conditioned stimulus (CS), e.g. tone] and a context in which the training takes place, predict the occurre ...
... Figure 2. Behavioral tasks that depend on the hippocampus (HPC), amygdala and ventral striatum (VS). (a) Aversive cue and context conditioning. In this task, the rat learns that a discrete cue [conditioned stimulus (CS), e.g. tone] and a context in which the training takes place, predict the occurre ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of particular interest because one of the set, the Mauthner cell, is already known to play an important rol ...
... cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of particular interest because one of the set, the Mauthner cell, is already known to play an important rol ...
MB_49_win
... electrical activity within neurons and chemical flow between neurons. • Neurons communicate with each other at special junctions called synapses. • These synapses do not communicate by touch, but by releasing chemicals, or neurotransmitters, into a gap between the synapses called the synaptic cleft. ...
... electrical activity within neurons and chemical flow between neurons. • Neurons communicate with each other at special junctions called synapses. • These synapses do not communicate by touch, but by releasing chemicals, or neurotransmitters, into a gap between the synapses called the synaptic cleft. ...
Homeostasis and Cell Signaling in Animals Syllabus
... hindbrain (cerebellum) g. Right and left cerebral hemispheres in humans Chapter 45: Hormones and The Endocrine System (sections 45.1-45.2 only) 1. I can explain that in multi-cellular organisms, signal transduction pathways coordinate activities within individual cells that support the function of t ...
... hindbrain (cerebellum) g. Right and left cerebral hemispheres in humans Chapter 45: Hormones and The Endocrine System (sections 45.1-45.2 only) 1. I can explain that in multi-cellular organisms, signal transduction pathways coordinate activities within individual cells that support the function of t ...
Tutorial on Pattern Classification in Cell Recording
... machine-learning classification algorithms). However, instead of comparing different ML algorithms, here we assess how accurately a particular algorithm can extract information about different experimental conditions in order to better understand how the brain processes information. These procedures ...
... machine-learning classification algorithms). However, instead of comparing different ML algorithms, here we assess how accurately a particular algorithm can extract information about different experimental conditions in order to better understand how the brain processes information. These procedures ...
L13Spinal Cord Structure Functio13
... • Conus medularis: Ending of spinal cord below the lumbar enlargement as a conical portion at the level of intervertebral disc between the first and second lumbar vertebra • Filum terminale: Anon-nervous fibrous tissue of the spinal cord that extends inferiorly to attach to the coccyx. (consists mos ...
... • Conus medularis: Ending of spinal cord below the lumbar enlargement as a conical portion at the level of intervertebral disc between the first and second lumbar vertebra • Filum terminale: Anon-nervous fibrous tissue of the spinal cord that extends inferiorly to attach to the coccyx. (consists mos ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... ears. Because the basilar membrane input/output function is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a ch ...
... ears. Because the basilar membrane input/output function is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a ch ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... quantitative distribution of serotonin in molluscs, annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates corresponds approximately with mucosecretory structures. Serotonin appears also to control other secretory functions in some of these animals. It is proposed therefore that serotonin might often function in con ...
... quantitative distribution of serotonin in molluscs, annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates corresponds approximately with mucosecretory structures. Serotonin appears also to control other secretory functions in some of these animals. It is proposed therefore that serotonin might often function in con ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.