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Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... perceptual decision-making. In the ideal case, the neuronal signals do indeed reflect the shift in perceptual appearance, because the external stimulus delivered to the sensory receptors remains the same. Thus, (it is argued) these particular neuronal signals reflect a form of mental processing that ...
... perceptual decision-making. In the ideal case, the neuronal signals do indeed reflect the shift in perceptual appearance, because the external stimulus delivered to the sensory receptors remains the same. Thus, (it is argued) these particular neuronal signals reflect a form of mental processing that ...
Slide 1
... – Spinothalamic: axons of nociceptive specific and WDR neurons from laminae I and V-VII; contralateral projection, ascends in anterolateral white matter – Spinoreticular: neurons in laminae VII and VIII; anterolateral ascend – Spinomesencephalic: neurons in laminae I and V; anterolateral ascend to P ...
... – Spinothalamic: axons of nociceptive specific and WDR neurons from laminae I and V-VII; contralateral projection, ascends in anterolateral white matter – Spinoreticular: neurons in laminae VII and VIII; anterolateral ascend – Spinomesencephalic: neurons in laminae I and V; anterolateral ascend to P ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi:
... cochlear nucleus, while other aspects of the distribution of markers for these systems did not deviate grossly from patterns observed in other eutherian mammals (Pieters et al., 2010). Notably, there have been no studies that followed up on what makes the sengi forebrain stand out among other mammal ...
... cochlear nucleus, while other aspects of the distribution of markers for these systems did not deviate grossly from patterns observed in other eutherian mammals (Pieters et al., 2010). Notably, there have been no studies that followed up on what makes the sengi forebrain stand out among other mammal ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
... human motion perception. Although this relationship is often assumed to be straightforward, computational simulation of neuronal populations in area V5 shows a complex relationship between activity in single cells and neuronal populations. In particular, simulated population responses to a stimulus ...
Increased cell proliferation and granule cell number in the dentate
... 1:1,000). This antibody was raised against purified cell nuclei from mouse brain and has been shown to recognize 2–3 bands at 46 – 48 kDa and possibly one at 66 kDa by Western blot (Chemicon International product datasheet; Mullen and Buck, 1992). It reacts with most neuronal cell types throughout t ...
... 1:1,000). This antibody was raised against purified cell nuclei from mouse brain and has been shown to recognize 2–3 bands at 46 – 48 kDa and possibly one at 66 kDa by Western blot (Chemicon International product datasheet; Mullen and Buck, 1992). It reacts with most neuronal cell types throughout t ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” o ...
... typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” o ...
8.2 Structure of skeletal muscle
... - Skeletal muscle fibers are functionally but not physically connected to the neuron - Think of how your voice travels from your mouth to your cell phone ...
... - Skeletal muscle fibers are functionally but not physically connected to the neuron - Think of how your voice travels from your mouth to your cell phone ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... • The properties of neurons do not reveal function • Formal (computational) theories of performance explain function • But distinct models cannot be distinguished from behavior testing, e.g., diffusion or race • Properties of neurons might provide constraints to distinguish between models … • … if a ...
... • The properties of neurons do not reveal function • Formal (computational) theories of performance explain function • But distinct models cannot be distinguished from behavior testing, e.g., diffusion or race • Properties of neurons might provide constraints to distinguish between models … • … if a ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... termination of these axons have not yet been determined. The cell body and dendrites of the spindle cells contain a rich concentration of nonphosphorlyated neurofilaments, which are a characteristic feature of neurons with large axons (see Fig. 2) (Hoffman and others 1987; Nimchinsky and others 1995 ...
... termination of these axons have not yet been determined. The cell body and dendrites of the spindle cells contain a rich concentration of nonphosphorlyated neurofilaments, which are a characteristic feature of neurons with large axons (see Fig. 2) (Hoffman and others 1987; Nimchinsky and others 1995 ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... monkey, plus the insula and the cingulate cortex (see [16–21]). This review focuses on recent data on the functional properties of parietal and premotor mirror neurons, including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
... monkey, plus the insula and the cingulate cortex (see [16–21]). This review focuses on recent data on the functional properties of parietal and premotor mirror neurons, including their role in intention understanding. In the last section, we discuss some human studies dealing with this latter issue. ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
Dysregulating Factors
... addition, in several animal studies application of nimodipine resulted in prevention or reduction of adverse behavioural and neurochemical effects of perinatal hypoxia. In one study it was observed that nimodipine also enhanced the early postnatal development of calciumbinding proteins [8817697], wh ...
... addition, in several animal studies application of nimodipine resulted in prevention or reduction of adverse behavioural and neurochemical effects of perinatal hypoxia. In one study it was observed that nimodipine also enhanced the early postnatal development of calciumbinding proteins [8817697], wh ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... shown that at this perfusion rate for 1 hr, the concentration of AP7 in a small chamber containing approximately 100 ~1 of ACSF surrounding the dialysis fiber was 13% of that being perfused. We presume that the delivery efficiency for CNQX was roughly equal to that for AP7. Hence, allowing for the b ...
... shown that at this perfusion rate for 1 hr, the concentration of AP7 in a small chamber containing approximately 100 ~1 of ACSF surrounding the dialysis fiber was 13% of that being perfused. We presume that the delivery efficiency for CNQX was roughly equal to that for AP7. Hence, allowing for the b ...
Age-Related Uptake of Heavy Metals in Human Spinal Interneurons
... central nervous system in diseases such as ALS/MND, but judging if a patient died with, or from, a toxicant is a challenge. The toxicant could have entered the nervous system years before the disease become clinically apparent and could no longer be detectable at the time of post mortem examination. ...
... central nervous system in diseases such as ALS/MND, but judging if a patient died with, or from, a toxicant is a challenge. The toxicant could have entered the nervous system years before the disease become clinically apparent and could no longer be detectable at the time of post mortem examination. ...
Localization of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes on Rat Spinal Motor
... biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG (for sections incubated with antisynaptotagmin) diluted 1:300 for 1 hr at 37°C. The tissue sections were rinsed with TBS for 60 min and incubated in avidin D –fluorescein diluted 1:300 for 1 hr at 37°C. The sections were rinsed in TBS for 10 min, rinsed in TB for 20 ...
... biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG (for sections incubated with antisynaptotagmin) diluted 1:300 for 1 hr at 37°C. The tissue sections were rinsed with TBS for 60 min and incubated in avidin D –fluorescein diluted 1:300 for 1 hr at 37°C. The sections were rinsed in TBS for 10 min, rinsed in TB for 20 ...
Early Neuronal Loss and Axonal/Presynaptic Damage is Associated
... of the earliest regions displaying severe atrophy and pathology. The lack of significant neuronal loss in most AD models is, in fact, the major shortcoming for the preclinical evaluation of drugs that could have greater potential in patients to alleviate or prevent this disease. In this study, using ...
... of the earliest regions displaying severe atrophy and pathology. The lack of significant neuronal loss in most AD models is, in fact, the major shortcoming for the preclinical evaluation of drugs that could have greater potential in patients to alleviate or prevent this disease. In this study, using ...
The Spinal Nerve
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... A neuron usually has multiple processes, or fibers, called dendrites that extend from the cell body. These processes usually branch out somewhat like tree branches and serve as the main apparatus for receiving input into the neuron from other nerve cells. The cell body also gives rise to the axon. A ...
... A neuron usually has multiple processes, or fibers, called dendrites that extend from the cell body. These processes usually branch out somewhat like tree branches and serve as the main apparatus for receiving input into the neuron from other nerve cells. The cell body also gives rise to the axon. A ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.