cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... is mediated by an analytically tractable neural circuit, is revealing similarities and differences in the mechanisms that underlie classical and operant conditioning. ...
... is mediated by an analytically tractable neural circuit, is revealing similarities and differences in the mechanisms that underlie classical and operant conditioning. ...
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... Chapter 2 - Quick Quiz 2 1. The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______. a) axons c) dendrites b) nerve bundles d) synapses 2. Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse? a) synaptic vesicles c) terminal bu ...
... Chapter 2 - Quick Quiz 2 1. The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______. a) axons c) dendrites b) nerve bundles d) synapses 2. Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse? a) synaptic vesicles c) terminal bu ...
The novel endosomal membrane protein Ema interacts with the
... Kinchen et al., 2008; Liang et al., 2008). However, the molecular mechanisms by which the class C Vps–HOPS complex participates in such diverse functions remain largely unexplored. Endosomal trafficking of BMP receptors regulates developmental plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ ...
... Kinchen et al., 2008; Liang et al., 2008). However, the molecular mechanisms by which the class C Vps–HOPS complex participates in such diverse functions remain largely unexplored. Endosomal trafficking of BMP receptors regulates developmental plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... domain is most similar to that of RIM, but constitutes a distinct clade (fig. 1I). This result, along with the ...
... domain is most similar to that of RIM, but constitutes a distinct clade (fig. 1I). This result, along with the ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... domain is most similar to that of RIM, but constitutes a distinct clade (fig. 1I). This result, along with the ...
... domain is most similar to that of RIM, but constitutes a distinct clade (fig. 1I). This result, along with the ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... other biogenic amines, is determined by the bioavailability of the precursor; histidine is taken up into the cerebrospinal fluid and neurons through L-amino acid transporters (Fig. 2). HDC activity can be inhibited by ␣-fluoromethylhistidine (␣-FMH), a suicide substrate leading to a marked depressio ...
... other biogenic amines, is determined by the bioavailability of the precursor; histidine is taken up into the cerebrospinal fluid and neurons through L-amino acid transporters (Fig. 2). HDC activity can be inhibited by ␣-fluoromethylhistidine (␣-FMH), a suicide substrate leading to a marked depressio ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy to mold and with good optical properties, as well as nontoxic to cells and gas permeable, offering a suitable solution for cell and tissue culture experiments. The design of microflu ...
... of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy to mold and with good optical properties, as well as nontoxic to cells and gas permeable, offering a suitable solution for cell and tissue culture experiments. The design of microflu ...
Nap, a Novel Member of the Pentraxin Family, Promotes Neurite
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
... as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent plasticity are known to be initiated by rapid, transmitter- ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... al., 2007; Geisler and Zahm, 2005) using conventional tracers. A recent study using a cell-type specific transsynaptic tracing method employing a rabies virus confirmed that many of these areas actually project directly onto dopamine neurons (Watabe-Uchida et al., 2012). This study also showed that ...
... al., 2007; Geisler and Zahm, 2005) using conventional tracers. A recent study using a cell-type specific transsynaptic tracing method employing a rabies virus confirmed that many of these areas actually project directly onto dopamine neurons (Watabe-Uchida et al., 2012). This study also showed that ...
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters
... However, considerable variation has been noted in this schema which implies plasticity of the hagfish gonadal region such that it could undergo either male or female differentiation. Indeed, hermaphroditic specimens have been described where a well-differentiated testis existed posteriorly with a we ...
... However, considerable variation has been noted in this schema which implies plasticity of the hagfish gonadal region such that it could undergo either male or female differentiation. Indeed, hermaphroditic specimens have been described where a well-differentiated testis existed posteriorly with a we ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... in most neurons; in contrast, most axons are devoid of polysomes (for review see Steward and Banker, 1992). Therefore, axons rely upon the transport of newly synthesized proteins over considerable distances to reach their correct cytological destinations. Dendrites can synthesize proteins where they ...
... in most neurons; in contrast, most axons are devoid of polysomes (for review see Steward and Banker, 1992). Therefore, axons rely upon the transport of newly synthesized proteins over considerable distances to reach their correct cytological destinations. Dendrites can synthesize proteins where they ...
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Metabolic control of puberty
... as background information that data available in the literature strongly suggest that ghrelin operates (predominantly) as inhibitory signal for gonadotropin (mostly LH) secretion in different mammalian species, including rodents, sheep, non-human primates and humans (Tena-Sempere, 2008a,b); a phenom ...
... as background information that data available in the literature strongly suggest that ghrelin operates (predominantly) as inhibitory signal for gonadotropin (mostly LH) secretion in different mammalian species, including rodents, sheep, non-human primates and humans (Tena-Sempere, 2008a,b); a phenom ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... stimulatory effect of locally applied nicotine was completely blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Repeated intra-tegmental iniections of a subthreshold dose of nicotine (2.0 btg/side every 2 days), gradually increased locomotion, compared to the effect of acute intra-tegment ...
... stimulatory effect of locally applied nicotine was completely blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Repeated intra-tegmental iniections of a subthreshold dose of nicotine (2.0 btg/side every 2 days), gradually increased locomotion, compared to the effect of acute intra-tegment ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F Andreas Walz, Paul Feinstein, Mona Khan and Peter Mombaerts* The olfactory system of the mouse includes several subsystems that project axons from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactor ...
... Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F Andreas Walz, Paul Feinstein, Mona Khan and Peter Mombaerts* The olfactory system of the mouse includes several subsystems that project axons from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactor ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1c1 ( ...
... astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1c1 ( ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most other basal laminae (Godfrey et al., 1988a,b; Godfrey, 199 1 ...
... and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most other basal laminae (Godfrey et al., 1988a,b; Godfrey, 199 1 ...
1 - BrainMaster
... also provide ample coverage of basic principles of adult neurogenesis, a topic which just 20 or 30 years ago was considered tangential, controversial, or unimportant. The discovery that some populations of neurons continue to be produced post‑ natally has dramatically changed previous fundamental co ...
... also provide ample coverage of basic principles of adult neurogenesis, a topic which just 20 or 30 years ago was considered tangential, controversial, or unimportant. The discovery that some populations of neurons continue to be produced post‑ natally has dramatically changed previous fundamental co ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cere ...
... inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, intestine, placenta and thyroid gland [16, 20]. In rats, D1 is also present in the cere ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
- Wiley Online Library
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... neurons will be strengthened when both neurons fire in correlation and weakened when they fire out of correlation. This rule is extremely powerful in explaining the phenomena of information storage and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechan ...
... neurons will be strengthened when both neurons fire in correlation and weakened when they fire out of correlation. This rule is extremely powerful in explaining the phenomena of information storage and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechan ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.