Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... TA sensory afferent input, and 0.38 for TA motor neurons receiving EDL sensory input (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). Only rare PL motor neurons received sensory input from TA or EDL afferents, and these typically received only a single synaptic contact, an indication that PL lacks functi ...
... TA sensory afferent input, and 0.38 for TA motor neurons receiving EDL sensory input (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). Only rare PL motor neurons received sensory input from TA or EDL afferents, and these typically received only a single synaptic contact, an indication that PL lacks functi ...
doc PHGY311
... hypothalamic neuropeptides travel down the long hypophysial portal veins to the anterior pituitary, where they bind to specific cell surface G protein– coupled receptors and activate intracellular second-messenger cascades, resulting in the release of pituitary hormone from the respective target cel ...
... hypothalamic neuropeptides travel down the long hypophysial portal veins to the anterior pituitary, where they bind to specific cell surface G protein– coupled receptors and activate intracellular second-messenger cascades, resulting in the release of pituitary hormone from the respective target cel ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somato- ...
... specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somato- ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
... neurons (Hofer et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990a; Phillips et al., 1990; DiStefano et al., 1992; Ip et al., 1993). NT-3 expression is particularly high during embryogenesis and may influence development of the hippocampus (Ernfors et al., 1990b; Friedman et al., 1991; Collazo et al., 1992). T ...
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo
... chemoattractive guidance cues (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996). Both groups can be further subdivided into short-range and long-range guidance cues. By definition, short-range cues are locally active, whereas long-range cues can act over some distance, because they are secreted and to some extent ...
... chemoattractive guidance cues (Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996). Both groups can be further subdivided into short-range and long-range guidance cues. By definition, short-range cues are locally active, whereas long-range cues can act over some distance, because they are secreted and to some extent ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein and mRNA Are
... studies we did not observe any extremely close correlation with the localization of known neurotransmitters or other neuronal markers. NADPH diaphorase was first identified histochemitally through the reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium in the presence of NADPH (Thomas and Pearse, 1964). NADPH diaph ...
... studies we did not observe any extremely close correlation with the localization of known neurotransmitters or other neuronal markers. NADPH diaphorase was first identified histochemitally through the reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium in the presence of NADPH (Thomas and Pearse, 1964). NADPH diaph ...
$doc.title
... of action potentials, conduction of action potentials. Conduction between neurons (synaptic transmission): electrical and chemical synapses, physiology of pre-‐synaptic release mechanisms, post-‐synaptic mechanisms, voltage ...
... of action potentials, conduction of action potentials. Conduction between neurons (synaptic transmission): electrical and chemical synapses, physiology of pre-‐synaptic release mechanisms, post-‐synaptic mechanisms, voltage ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... Histological evaluation of the neural tissue of chick embryos exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone showed reduced neuron density and morphological changes associated with cell death. Glutaraldehyde with added magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as stabilizing chemical and potassium permangenate were ...
... Histological evaluation of the neural tissue of chick embryos exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone showed reduced neuron density and morphological changes associated with cell death. Glutaraldehyde with added magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as stabilizing chemical and potassium permangenate were ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... cortices, and the retrosplenial cortex. In all examined cortical regions, many septal GABAergic boutons were in close apposition to somata or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, ...
... cortices, and the retrosplenial cortex. In all examined cortical regions, many septal GABAergic boutons were in close apposition to somata or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
... used to calculate the total number of HVC neurons, of fluorogoldbackfilled HVC neurons, of ‘H-labeled HVC neurons, and of ‘H-labeled fluorogold-backfilled HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... immunoreactivity (syn-lir) [25] was assessed for its suitability to label neuropil components of the nervous system in nemerteans. A species of Carinina was chosen as subject for the investigation, since species of this genus arguably possess the most ancestral position of the central nerous system ...
... immunoreactivity (syn-lir) [25] was assessed for its suitability to label neuropil components of the nervous system in nemerteans. A species of Carinina was chosen as subject for the investigation, since species of this genus arguably possess the most ancestral position of the central nerous system ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” or delivered in a given time) is typically measured. Because the cell body is physically the larg ...
... generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The frequency of action potentials or firing rate (the number of action potentials “fired” or delivered in a given time) is typically measured. Because the cell body is physically the larg ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... behavior? Molecules called neuropeptides are thought to play a key role in these decisions. Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform thos ...
... behavior? Molecules called neuropeptides are thought to play a key role in these decisions. Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform thos ...
- Valiente Lab
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
... Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that interferes with the function of several brain systems required for cognition and normal social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... to Gex ⫹ Gin. The action of mixed excitatory and inhibitory conductances as a partial voltage clamp is in principle a generalization of the classical concept of shunting. The term shunting is used to describe the case in which an open inhibitory conductance stabilizes Vm near the inhibitory reversal ...
... to Gex ⫹ Gin. The action of mixed excitatory and inhibitory conductances as a partial voltage clamp is in principle a generalization of the classical concept of shunting. The term shunting is used to describe the case in which an open inhibitory conductance stabilizes Vm near the inhibitory reversal ...
PDF Format
... In the present study we address these issues. We have investigated the two major thalamic cell classes implicated in sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic ...
... In the present study we address these issues. We have investigated the two major thalamic cell classes implicated in sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... thalamic interneurons. This suggests that other, extrinsic sources, such as the thalamic reticular nucleus, may be the source of such endings. A second point is that the form and density of the puncta is regionally specific within the medial geniculate complex. These local patterns might have a sign ...
... thalamic interneurons. This suggests that other, extrinsic sources, such as the thalamic reticular nucleus, may be the source of such endings. A second point is that the form and density of the puncta is regionally specific within the medial geniculate complex. These local patterns might have a sign ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... Toyama & Smith, 1991). 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Steve ...
... Toyama & Smith, 1991). 3.5. Synaptic background activity It has long ago been suggested that the large ¯uctuations of the membrane potential, exhibited by neurons under in vivo conditions, can be accounted for by the varying number of synaptic events impinging on a neuron at any time (Calvin & Steve ...
Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... orange, purple, blue, and bright green (16.67% probability of each). After the recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available another half a second, a reward was given corresponding to the color of at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). the selected target (see above). ...
... orange, purple, blue, and bright green (16.67% probability of each). After the recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available another half a second, a reward was given corresponding to the color of at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). the selected target (see above). ...
Mutations in cytoplasmic dynein and its regulators
... and specifically transports proteins and vesicles in dendrites [31–33]. Most functional studies focus on the cytoplasmic dynein complex containing dynein heavy chain DYNC1H1 (MIM 600112), but evidence suggests that a second cytoplasmic dynein complex, cytoplasmic dynein 2, consists of a distinct hea ...
... and specifically transports proteins and vesicles in dendrites [31–33]. Most functional studies focus on the cytoplasmic dynein complex containing dynein heavy chain DYNC1H1 (MIM 600112), but evidence suggests that a second cytoplasmic dynein complex, cytoplasmic dynein 2, consists of a distinct hea ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... This is the position taken here. Indeed, the main goal in this article is to show that the current findings in neuroscience are compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that t ...
... This is the position taken here. Indeed, the main goal in this article is to show that the current findings in neuroscience are compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that t ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.