Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... Psychology in Action, Fifth Edition by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
... Psychology in Action, Fifth Edition by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... composed of pseudostratified neuroepithelial (NEP) cells. In early stage, the neural progenitor cells divide symmetrically to expand their pool of neural precursors and later increasing numbers of cells switch to asymmetric neurogenic division at the onset of neurogenesis in the neural tube. The NEP ...
... composed of pseudostratified neuroepithelial (NEP) cells. In early stage, the neural progenitor cells divide symmetrically to expand their pool of neural precursors and later increasing numbers of cells switch to asymmetric neurogenic division at the onset of neurogenesis in the neural tube. The NEP ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
... To determine the ERF properties of cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, we used visual stimuli of sinusoidal gratings that drift at the optimal spatiotemporal frequency for the neuron. We first located the center of the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
... which plasticity of motor output of the CPG can arise. Each CPG subunit is a conditional neuronal oscillator that can be independently rhythmically active. The subunits also can be functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System
... brain that produce chemical lesions that are more selective than electrical lesion might be; for example, 6-OHDA is a neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the vicinity of the injection site Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... brain that produce chemical lesions that are more selective than electrical lesion might be; for example, 6-OHDA is a neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the vicinity of the injection site Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
Delayed Puberty but Normal Fertility in Mice With Selective Deletion
... diabetic rats display reproductive abnormalities, which can be ameliorated by central administration of insulin (12-14). In humans, type 1 diabetes also disrupts puberty and reproduction (15, 16). Although insulin was originally thought to be acting directly on GnRH neurons (8, 9, 17, 18), a recent ...
... diabetic rats display reproductive abnormalities, which can be ameliorated by central administration of insulin (12-14). In humans, type 1 diabetes also disrupts puberty and reproduction (15, 16). Although insulin was originally thought to be acting directly on GnRH neurons (8, 9, 17, 18), a recent ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... with factors of Predictor (which action was made in the AO task or which picture was shown in the SO task) and Outcome (which reward was Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are furt ...
... with factors of Predictor (which action was made in the AO task or which picture was shown in the SO task) and Outcome (which reward was Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are furt ...
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... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections and organized into functional modules of a higher order called cortical columns which are formed by neurons with similar physiological properties (Mountcastle, 1997). This modular organization is a widely recognized design princ ...
... Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections and organized into functional modules of a higher order called cortical columns which are formed by neurons with similar physiological properties (Mountcastle, 1997). This modular organization is a widely recognized design princ ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... software (Newtek Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA). For this purpose a Perl script was developed. This script reads a Neurolucida data file and converts it into a Lightwave script, in which the X, Y, and Z polygon coordinates corresponding to each structure (i.e., cell body, dendrites, axons, Acb shell/co ...
... software (Newtek Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA). For this purpose a Perl script was developed. This script reads a Neurolucida data file and converts it into a Lightwave script, in which the X, Y, and Z polygon coordinates corresponding to each structure (i.e., cell body, dendrites, axons, Acb shell/co ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... SLN stimulation at 5 Hz elicited oropharyngeal and LES but not esophageal responses and evoked c-fos expression in neurons in SolI, SolIM, SolDM, PCRt, AP, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc but not in SolCe, NAc, or DMVr. These data are consistent with the role of SolI, SolIM, SolDM, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc circuit i ...
... SLN stimulation at 5 Hz elicited oropharyngeal and LES but not esophageal responses and evoked c-fos expression in neurons in SolI, SolIM, SolDM, PCRt, AP, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc but not in SolCe, NAc, or DMVr. These data are consistent with the role of SolI, SolIM, SolDM, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc circuit i ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... low-threshold (LT) neurons and an increase in the proportion of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. The rate of spontaneous activity of high-threshold (HT) neurons was significantly higher in allodynic compared with control rats. Moreover, HT neurons in allodynic animals showed increased neuronal resp ...
... low-threshold (LT) neurons and an increase in the proportion of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. The rate of spontaneous activity of high-threshold (HT) neurons was significantly higher in allodynic compared with control rats. Moreover, HT neurons in allodynic animals showed increased neuronal resp ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... The subsequent proposition, that strong effective connectivity requires coherence between pre- and postsynaptic groups, has also been supported. One study investigated the relation between the effective connectivity and the phase relation for pairs of recording sites in visual cortex of awake cats a ...
... The subsequent proposition, that strong effective connectivity requires coherence between pre- and postsynaptic groups, has also been supported. One study investigated the relation between the effective connectivity and the phase relation for pairs of recording sites in visual cortex of awake cats a ...
Microevolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms
... A major question in evolutionary ecology asks how life-history traits evolve (Roff 2002). Field studies answer this question by identifying patterns of traits associated with particular selective forces. From a physiological perspective, however, this answer is incomplete. Life-history traits such a ...
... A major question in evolutionary ecology asks how life-history traits evolve (Roff 2002). Field studies answer this question by identifying patterns of traits associated with particular selective forces. From a physiological perspective, however, this answer is incomplete. Life-history traits such a ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
... mentioned, is released altogether with zinc (32). The rising glutamate amounts in extracellular space may cause additional opening of calcium channels leading to increased excitotoxicity (21). The studies on animal ischemic models confirmed extracellular accumulation of high zinc amounts in neurons ...
... mentioned, is released altogether with zinc (32). The rising glutamate amounts in extracellular space may cause additional opening of calcium channels leading to increased excitotoxicity (21). The studies on animal ischemic models confirmed extracellular accumulation of high zinc amounts in neurons ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... The bone overlying the amygdala, insula, mesencephalon, and mPFC was removed bilaterally, and the dura mater was opened. To physiologically identify brainstem-projecting Ce neurons, two concentric stimulating electrodes were inserted stereotaxically, just dorsal to the substantia nigra, where Ce axo ...
... The bone overlying the amygdala, insula, mesencephalon, and mPFC was removed bilaterally, and the dura mater was opened. To physiologically identify brainstem-projecting Ce neurons, two concentric stimulating electrodes were inserted stereotaxically, just dorsal to the substantia nigra, where Ce axo ...
Perception
... brainstem -> cross to opposite side of brain -> thalamus -> somatosensory (parietal lobe) Temperature: free nerve endings in the skin Pain receptors: also free nerve endings – Two pain pathways: fast vs. slow ...
... brainstem -> cross to opposite side of brain -> thalamus -> somatosensory (parietal lobe) Temperature: free nerve endings in the skin Pain receptors: also free nerve endings – Two pain pathways: fast vs. slow ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... strengthens the association between cortical-like areas descending signals and basal ganglia neural ensembles, influencing long-term memory processes in line with a reward function (Wise 2004). Although the signal-to-noise ratio hypothesis is useful in understanding how behavioral and motivational ...
... strengthens the association between cortical-like areas descending signals and basal ganglia neural ensembles, influencing long-term memory processes in line with a reward function (Wise 2004). Although the signal-to-noise ratio hypothesis is useful in understanding how behavioral and motivational ...
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... crest migration that lead to malpositioning of neuronal cell bodies and axons. This results in aberrantly interlinked trigeminal and facial ganglia (Gammill et al., 2006; Schwarz et al., 2008). Cell-cell signaling between neural crest and placodes is likely to mediate their coordinated and cooperati ...
... crest migration that lead to malpositioning of neuronal cell bodies and axons. This results in aberrantly interlinked trigeminal and facial ganglia (Gammill et al., 2006; Schwarz et al., 2008). Cell-cell signaling between neural crest and placodes is likely to mediate their coordinated and cooperati ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... to be detectable from the noise and to allow for their separation using current spatial clustering methods. This theoretical maximum is in contrast to the approximately six units that are usually detected per tetrode. From this, we conclude that a large percentage of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells ...
... to be detectable from the noise and to allow for their separation using current spatial clustering methods. This theoretical maximum is in contrast to the approximately six units that are usually detected per tetrode. From this, we conclude that a large percentage of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at least in part, by causing depolarization and action potential firing in LA neurons while CS inputs are active [9,10]. There is reason to believe that the strength of this teachi ...
... across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at least in part, by causing depolarization and action potential firing in LA neurons while CS inputs are active [9,10]. There is reason to believe that the strength of this teachi ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... Vosshall, 2005) were available. We were interested in revisiting the question of glomerular plasticity in the Drosophila olfactory system but using odor ligands specific for identified circuit elements. To examine the neurophysiological and behavioral consequences accompanying stimulusdependent anat ...
... Vosshall, 2005) were available. We were interested in revisiting the question of glomerular plasticity in the Drosophila olfactory system but using odor ligands specific for identified circuit elements. To examine the neurophysiological and behavioral consequences accompanying stimulusdependent anat ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.