V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... form, with about half of the microtubules having their plus ends distal and half their minus ends distal. Various signaling molecules are implicated in the early events of neuronal polarization that determines the neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of ...
... form, with about half of the microtubules having their plus ends distal and half their minus ends distal. Various signaling molecules are implicated in the early events of neuronal polarization that determines the neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy of synaptic transmission therein in a way that depends on the timing and frequency of prior ...
... synaptic information transfer with important implications for computation performed by neuronal circuitry [1-4]. Multiple mechanisms could coexist in the same synapse, regulating the strength or the efficacy of synaptic transmission therein in a way that depends on the timing and frequency of prior ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... to interneurons as GABAergic local circuit neurons. Pyramidal cells specialize in the transfer of information between different areas, whereas interneurons primarily contribute to local neural assemblies to modulate the flow of information there. Pyramidal fall into over a few classes, regardless of ...
... to interneurons as GABAergic local circuit neurons. Pyramidal cells specialize in the transfer of information between different areas, whereas interneurons primarily contribute to local neural assemblies to modulate the flow of information there. Pyramidal fall into over a few classes, regardless of ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... yielding excessive excitatory synapses essential for the assembly of neural circuits. Synaptic elimination subsequently outpaces formation, resulting in net spine pruning from childhood through adolescence. Consistently, the density of dendritic spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a s ...
... yielding excessive excitatory synapses essential for the assembly of neural circuits. Synaptic elimination subsequently outpaces formation, resulting in net spine pruning from childhood through adolescence. Consistently, the density of dendritic spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a s ...
Chapter 35: Kandel - krigolson teaching
... the underlying mechanisms is one of the challenging areas of contemporary research on motor systems. Second, sensory input from a localized source generally produces coordinated reflex responses in several muscles at once, some of which may be distant from the stimulus. Third, supraspinal centers pl ...
... the underlying mechanisms is one of the challenging areas of contemporary research on motor systems. Second, sensory input from a localized source generally produces coordinated reflex responses in several muscles at once, some of which may be distant from the stimulus. Third, supraspinal centers pl ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... observation. We compared the discharge of the same population of neurons during active grasp by the monkeys. We found that facilitation neurons were only half as active for action observation as for action execution, and that suppression neurons reversed their activity pattern and were actually faci ...
... observation. We compared the discharge of the same population of neurons during active grasp by the monkeys. We found that facilitation neurons were only half as active for action observation as for action execution, and that suppression neurons reversed their activity pattern and were actually faci ...
Somatic sensation pain
... Pain intensity Correlates to local increase of K ions concentration & proteolytic enzymes that directly attack the nerves endings and excite pain by making the nerve membranes more permeable to ions 1. tissue ischemia acumulation of large amounts of lactic acid in the tissues Formed as a consequence ...
... Pain intensity Correlates to local increase of K ions concentration & proteolytic enzymes that directly attack the nerves endings and excite pain by making the nerve membranes more permeable to ions 1. tissue ischemia acumulation of large amounts of lactic acid in the tissues Formed as a consequence ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... As the intensity of behavioural reactions to rewards is graded, rewards appear to have motivational value that permits the organism to compare and choose among different rewards. The influence of rewards on behaviour depends in many instances on the vegetative drive state of the organism. However, a ...
... As the intensity of behavioural reactions to rewards is graded, rewards appear to have motivational value that permits the organism to compare and choose among different rewards. The influence of rewards on behaviour depends in many instances on the vegetative drive state of the organism. However, a ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... accommodated by the framework of mechanistic explanation – which is dominant across the life sciences – is that these computations are associated with multiple neural circuits or mechanisms in the brain, which can vary from region to region and from species to species. In other words, CNCs cannot be ...
... accommodated by the framework of mechanistic explanation – which is dominant across the life sciences – is that these computations are associated with multiple neural circuits or mechanisms in the brain, which can vary from region to region and from species to species. In other words, CNCs cannot be ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... was transferred into an imaging chamber perfused with 34 –36°C aCSF at 2–3 ml/min. After a stabilization period of 15 min, imaging of spontaneous or evoked calcium signals was begun. Electrical stimulation (pulse duration, 50 s; intensity, 5– 80 A) was performed using bipolar tungsten electrodes. ...
... was transferred into an imaging chamber perfused with 34 –36°C aCSF at 2–3 ml/min. After a stabilization period of 15 min, imaging of spontaneous or evoked calcium signals was begun. Electrical stimulation (pulse duration, 50 s; intensity, 5– 80 A) was performed using bipolar tungsten electrodes. ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... hypothalamus. Trpm2 expression was detected in the preoptic area by in situ hybridization. Heat responses of warm-sensitive neurons were abolished in the neurons from Trpm2 knockout mice characterized by Ca2+ imaging, indicating that Trpm2 channel is involved in conducting Ca2+ influx during heat st ...
... hypothalamus. Trpm2 expression was detected in the preoptic area by in situ hybridization. Heat responses of warm-sensitive neurons were abolished in the neurons from Trpm2 knockout mice characterized by Ca2+ imaging, indicating that Trpm2 channel is involved in conducting Ca2+ influx during heat st ...
Mapping the Brain
... neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing projection neurons and local neurons)14. In each group, neurons were su ...
... neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing projection neurons and local neurons)14. In each group, neurons were su ...
final scientific program
... including intrinsic, voltage-sensitive dye, and two-photon imaging, high-density electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, and multi-microelectrode array electrophysiology. These methodological advances have expanded our knowledge of brain functioning beyond the single neuron level. At the ...
... including intrinsic, voltage-sensitive dye, and two-photon imaging, high-density electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, and multi-microelectrode array electrophysiology. These methodological advances have expanded our knowledge of brain functioning beyond the single neuron level. At the ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... S3). Fig. 2 C and D shows the resulting average smoothed interpolated density maps of excitatory neuron (Fig. 2C) and IN (Fig. 2D) somata centered on the D2 barrel. The projection of these maps onto the vertical column axis is shown in Fig. 2 E and F. The density of IN somata was highest at a depth ...
... S3). Fig. 2 C and D shows the resulting average smoothed interpolated density maps of excitatory neuron (Fig. 2C) and IN (Fig. 2D) somata centered on the D2 barrel. The projection of these maps onto the vertical column axis is shown in Fig. 2 E and F. The density of IN somata was highest at a depth ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; acetyl-CoA, choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.16), and the transmitter-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ChAT was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or ...
... acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; acetyl-CoA, choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.16), and the transmitter-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ChAT was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... spikes. Three curves are shown in Figure 1B: The leftmost corresponds to the neuron firing at least one spike on a single trial and the other two correspond to the firing of at least two or at least three spikes, respectively. The shapes of these neural detection functions (neurometric functions) ar ...
... spikes. Three curves are shown in Figure 1B: The leftmost corresponds to the neuron firing at least one spike on a single trial and the other two correspond to the firing of at least two or at least three spikes, respectively. The shapes of these neural detection functions (neurometric functions) ar ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... Chunxiu Yu and Guy Horev contributed equally to this work (co-first authors). In whisking rodents, object location is encoded at the receptor level by a combination of motor and sensory related signals. Recoding of the encoded signals can result in various forms of internal representations. Here, we ...
... Chunxiu Yu and Guy Horev contributed equally to this work (co-first authors). In whisking rodents, object location is encoded at the receptor level by a combination of motor and sensory related signals. Recoding of the encoded signals can result in various forms of internal representations. Here, we ...
The neuroepithelial basement membrane serves as a boundary and
... We found that for 7 of the 14 cells, the data was best fit by a bilinear model [19], indicating a single change in velocity (Figure 1C, left graph), while for the other 7 cells, the data was equally well fit by a bilinear model or by a single line, indicating a constant velocity (Figure 1C, right gr ...
... We found that for 7 of the 14 cells, the data was best fit by a bilinear model [19], indicating a single change in velocity (Figure 1C, left graph), while for the other 7 cells, the data was equally well fit by a bilinear model or by a single line, indicating a constant velocity (Figure 1C, right gr ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) using polyclonal rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking pe ...
... (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) using polyclonal rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking pe ...
Nervous System Module - Year 2 Semester 1 Number of Credit – 8
... for neurotransmitters- ionotropic receptors (ion channels) -metabotropic receptors 3. Explain the mechanism of action of receptor 4. Explain the biochemical regulation of neurotransmitters 5. State the mode of action of neurotransmitters -aminobutyric acid (GABA) Norepinephrine and epinephrine ...
... for neurotransmitters- ionotropic receptors (ion channels) -metabotropic receptors 3. Explain the mechanism of action of receptor 4. Explain the biochemical regulation of neurotransmitters 5. State the mode of action of neurotransmitters -aminobutyric acid (GABA) Norepinephrine and epinephrine ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.