Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
... induced in the mandibular division of Edn1−/− mutants upon innervation of the duplicated whisker pad. In wild-type E11.5 and E13.5 TG, Hmx1 and OC1 (Onecut1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) are selectively expressed in the mandibular division, whereas Tbx3 is highly expressed in ophthalmic and maxillary ...
Introduction
... Apoptosis is a highly regulated genetic process that is crucial for the development of the entire organism, including the nervous system. Yet, apoptosis also plays an important role in neuronal injury and disease. Aberrant apoptosis can result in too little cell loss as seen in cancer progression, a ...
... Apoptosis is a highly regulated genetic process that is crucial for the development of the entire organism, including the nervous system. Yet, apoptosis also plays an important role in neuronal injury and disease. Aberrant apoptosis can result in too little cell loss as seen in cancer progression, a ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... starting at the onset of the stimulus were obtained using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed on the numbers of spikes in the first 1 s period after stimulus onset, which was sufficiently long to include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli ...
... starting at the onset of the stimulus were obtained using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed on the numbers of spikes in the first 1 s period after stimulus onset, which was sufficiently long to include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... set to 0.3 Hz in the low range and 10 kHz in the high range. In all figures, negativity in recordings of cord dorsum potentials is upwards. Action potentials from dorsal horn neurons and field potentials were recorded from the L6–L7 segments using glass micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. ...
... set to 0.3 Hz in the low range and 10 kHz in the high range. In all figures, negativity in recordings of cord dorsum potentials is upwards. Action potentials from dorsal horn neurons and field potentials were recorded from the L6–L7 segments using glass micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... widespread in the dorsal and middle parts of both the caudate nucleus and putamen. Most studies have emphasized the uniformity of these responses in different striatal regions, that is, the anterior striatum and posterior putamen, which appear to process, respectively, cognitive and motor informatio ...
... widespread in the dorsal and middle parts of both the caudate nucleus and putamen. Most studies have emphasized the uniformity of these responses in different striatal regions, that is, the anterior striatum and posterior putamen, which appear to process, respectively, cognitive and motor informatio ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... operidol or chlorpromazine or in patients with Parkinson’s disease who have a loss of DA-producing neurons.74-76 Additionally, D2 agonists like ropinirole can produce sleepiness via activation of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actua ...
... operidol or chlorpromazine or in patients with Parkinson’s disease who have a loss of DA-producing neurons.74-76 Additionally, D2 agonists like ropinirole can produce sleepiness via activation of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actua ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... attributed to a sensitization of central nociceptive neurons with an increased excitability to afferent input. We investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were mad ...
... attributed to a sensitization of central nociceptive neurons with an increased excitability to afferent input. We investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were mad ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... great a difference between the nervous system of the nakedeyed and covered-eyed Medusae, that simultaneous description of the nervous systems in both groups is not…practical”. This statement was made during his discussion of the histological results obtained by Hertwig and Hertwig (1878); however, R ...
... great a difference between the nervous system of the nakedeyed and covered-eyed Medusae, that simultaneous description of the nervous systems in both groups is not…practical”. This statement was made during his discussion of the histological results obtained by Hertwig and Hertwig (1878); however, R ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... dementia, showed an altered astrocytic phenotype. It remains to be determined whether this astrocytic phenotype is the cause or result of AD, but it could indicate that astrocytes contribute to AD as well. Furthermore, a known risk factor for AD is carrying of the ApoE4 allele, a lipoprotein express ...
... dementia, showed an altered astrocytic phenotype. It remains to be determined whether this astrocytic phenotype is the cause or result of AD, but it could indicate that astrocytes contribute to AD as well. Furthermore, a known risk factor for AD is carrying of the ApoE4 allele, a lipoprotein express ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... its hands and legs and to put pieces of food into its mouth, after which also chewing and licking could be observed. If the neuron responded to more than one type of sensory stimulation it was classified as polysensory. If the neuron did not respond to any of the afore mentioned stimuli it was class ...
... its hands and legs and to put pieces of food into its mouth, after which also chewing and licking could be observed. If the neuron responded to more than one type of sensory stimulation it was classified as polysensory. If the neuron did not respond to any of the afore mentioned stimuli it was class ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. 4). There was a significant interaction between stimulation in ...
... inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. 4). There was a significant interaction between stimulation in ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further checked whether different types of movements (i.e. scratching, grooming or spontaneous finger flexion movements) were equally effective in triggering neuronal discharge in order to establish whether the activity w ...
... arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further checked whether different types of movements (i.e. scratching, grooming or spontaneous finger flexion movements) were equally effective in triggering neuronal discharge in order to establish whether the activity w ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... intraflagellar transport, IFT) for protein transportation [9]. Large ciliary proteins (with a diameter > 7.9 nm) have to be transported into and out of cilia by the IFT system [7, 10], which is essential for cilium formation and maintenance [9]. Recently, many ion channels [11, 12], a large variety ...
... intraflagellar transport, IFT) for protein transportation [9]. Large ciliary proteins (with a diameter > 7.9 nm) have to be transported into and out of cilia by the IFT system [7, 10], which is essential for cilium formation and maintenance [9]. Recently, many ion channels [11, 12], a large variety ...
Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... includes the substantia innominata (SI), the lateral preoptic area (LPO), and anterior parts of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in the rat. Autoradiographic experiments, with injections of 3H-proline into different sites in the nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudoputamen, indic ...
... includes the substantia innominata (SI), the lateral preoptic area (LPO), and anterior parts of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were investigated in the rat. Autoradiographic experiments, with injections of 3H-proline into different sites in the nucleus accumbens and adjacent caudoputamen, indic ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.