Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... pigmented salamander embryos were used as donors and hosts, allowing for an easy distinction between cells of graft and host origin. Surprisingly, most tissues in the induced second axis were derived from the host, suggesting that the graft had induced surrounding tissue to form axial structures. Th ...
... pigmented salamander embryos were used as donors and hosts, allowing for an easy distinction between cells of graft and host origin. Surprisingly, most tissues in the induced second axis were derived from the host, suggesting that the graft had induced surrounding tissue to form axial structures. Th ...
C. elegans Background Information
... internal ethanol concentration. For humans, a 22 mM concentration of ethanol in the blood is comparable to a 0.1% blood alcohol level, the legal limit for driving in some states (McIntire, In Press). Researchers have identified a genetic component to these phenotypes. slo-1 mutants are resistant to ...
... internal ethanol concentration. For humans, a 22 mM concentration of ethanol in the blood is comparable to a 0.1% blood alcohol level, the legal limit for driving in some states (McIntire, In Press). Researchers have identified a genetic component to these phenotypes. slo-1 mutants are resistant to ...
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... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... outflows according to behavioural requirements. These medullary structures mediate cardiorespiratory reflexes that are initiated by the carotid and aortic bodies in response to acute changes in PO2, PCO2 and pH in the arterial blood. The level of arterial PCO2 is the primary factor in determining re ...
... outflows according to behavioural requirements. These medullary structures mediate cardiorespiratory reflexes that are initiated by the carotid and aortic bodies in response to acute changes in PO2, PCO2 and pH in the arterial blood. The level of arterial PCO2 is the primary factor in determining re ...
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... Homeostatic control of breathing, heart rate, and body temperature relies on circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Mounting evidence points to specialized neuronal subtypes within the serotonergic neuronal system, borne out in functional studies, for the m ...
... Homeostatic control of breathing, heart rate, and body temperature relies on circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Mounting evidence points to specialized neuronal subtypes within the serotonergic neuronal system, borne out in functional studies, for the m ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... electrophysiological behavior (Murphey et al., 1977). In addition, it has been extensively investigated throughout development by Murphey and co-workers (Murphey et al., 1975, 1976; Murphey and Levine, 1980). All parts of this neuron can usually be identified morphologically, whether they are in the ...
... electrophysiological behavior (Murphey et al., 1977). In addition, it has been extensively investigated throughout development by Murphey and co-workers (Murphey et al., 1975, 1976; Murphey and Levine, 1980). All parts of this neuron can usually be identified morphologically, whether they are in the ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... neuron. Like the neuron in Figure 3A, the activity of this neuron was selective for both the sample cue location and the task. However, the neuron’s delay period activity was spatially tuned for sample cue location only in the nonmatch task (Figure 3D, top). A two-way ANOVA indicated a significant ( ...
... neuron. Like the neuron in Figure 3A, the activity of this neuron was selective for both the sample cue location and the task. However, the neuron’s delay period activity was spatially tuned for sample cue location only in the nonmatch task (Figure 3D, top). A two-way ANOVA indicated a significant ( ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... intracerebroventricularly into rats during the light period, it caused increased wakefulness time and decreased REM and non-REM sleep time [30]. In rats, Fos expression of orexin neurons is increased during the dark active period [31], and orexin level in cerebrospinal fluid also peaks during the da ...
... intracerebroventricularly into rats during the light period, it caused increased wakefulness time and decreased REM and non-REM sleep time [30]. In rats, Fos expression of orexin neurons is increased during the dark active period [31], and orexin level in cerebrospinal fluid also peaks during the da ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... (arrowhead in the figure) sending one axonal sister process a2-1 into glomerulus G1, and a second one, a2-2, to glomerulus G2. Similarly, branch b innervated glomerulus G2 but, before entering into it, issues an additional branch, b1, to glomerulus G1 (Fig. 3B, schematically depicted in Fig. 3D). The ...
... (arrowhead in the figure) sending one axonal sister process a2-1 into glomerulus G1, and a second one, a2-2, to glomerulus G2. Similarly, branch b innervated glomerulus G2 but, before entering into it, issues an additional branch, b1, to glomerulus G1 (Fig. 3B, schematically depicted in Fig. 3D). The ...
Branched-chain 2-oxoacids transamination increases
... in a reaction probably catalyzed by a specific branched-chain 2-oxoacid aminotransferase (BCAT) activity [5-8]. Moreover, they can be oxidised to CO2 an acetoacetate [5,9,10] and it has been shown that oxo-4-methylpentanoate (also known as α-ketoisocaproate, KIC) is oxidized at a similar rate to hig ...
... in a reaction probably catalyzed by a specific branched-chain 2-oxoacid aminotransferase (BCAT) activity [5-8]. Moreover, they can be oxidised to CO2 an acetoacetate [5,9,10] and it has been shown that oxo-4-methylpentanoate (also known as α-ketoisocaproate, KIC) is oxidized at a similar rate to hig ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... With this thesis I strive to open the debate and point the reader towards a critical reconsideration of what we currently know and think about the mirror neurons. I commence my efforts by providing a thorough introduction to the neurobiological background of the primate action observation–execution ...
... With this thesis I strive to open the debate and point the reader towards a critical reconsideration of what we currently know and think about the mirror neurons. I commence my efforts by providing a thorough introduction to the neurobiological background of the primate action observation–execution ...
Transgenic mice overexpressing the full
... This is in line with clinical investigations that have demonstrated abnormal noradrenergic (NA) system regulation in panic disorder patients and during panic attacks (Charney et al., 1990; Bremner et al., 1996a,b; Balaban, 2002). Elevated NA activity enhances anxiety-like behavioral responses and in ...
... This is in line with clinical investigations that have demonstrated abnormal noradrenergic (NA) system regulation in panic disorder patients and during panic attacks (Charney et al., 1990; Bremner et al., 1996a,b; Balaban, 2002). Elevated NA activity enhances anxiety-like behavioral responses and in ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... A. The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder with about 0.85%–1% lifetime prevalence world wide (Jablensky et al. 1992). The course of schizophrenia is characterized by the onset of clinical symptoms after puberty and a high symptom heterogeneity. Schizophreni ...
... A. The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder with about 0.85%–1% lifetime prevalence world wide (Jablensky et al. 1992). The course of schizophrenia is characterized by the onset of clinical symptoms after puberty and a high symptom heterogeneity. Schizophreni ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
... First, we assumed that neurons within the SC are uniformly distributed (same number of cells per square millimeter everywhere on the map), as was assumed in previous studies. Second, we assumed that connection strength was determined by the distance measured on either the SC map (the SC-symmetric ke ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... by visual stimulation. We considered changes in either presaccadic or postsaccadic activity to be significant by comparing them (paired t test) to ongoing activity, which we measured in a 100 ms presaccadic baseline epoch that began 200 ms before saccade start. We used this baseline window even for ...
... by visual stimulation. We considered changes in either presaccadic or postsaccadic activity to be significant by comparing them (paired t test) to ongoing activity, which we measured in a 100 ms presaccadic baseline epoch that began 200 ms before saccade start. We used this baseline window even for ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... (Molothrus ater), a brood-parasite, females search for host nests in which to lay their eggs during the breeding season. Males do not express such behavior and, as predicted, the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbird ...
... (Molothrus ater), a brood-parasite, females search for host nests in which to lay their eggs during the breeding season. Males do not express such behavior and, as predicted, the relative size of the hippocampus is greater in females than males (Sherry et al., 1993). A similar study in shiny cowbird ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... while evoking unitary EPSPs in the same CA1 cell. The CA3 neuron was activated by a depolarizing current pulse (Fig. 2E). Examples of individual responses in the CA 1 neuron are shown in Figure 2, FI-F4, and the average of 1780 individual records is shown in Figure 2G. The averaging procedure includ ...
... while evoking unitary EPSPs in the same CA1 cell. The CA3 neuron was activated by a depolarizing current pulse (Fig. 2E). Examples of individual responses in the CA 1 neuron are shown in Figure 2, FI-F4, and the average of 1780 individual records is shown in Figure 2G. The averaging procedure includ ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... driving them to fire at much higher rates than the mean. Computational models have shown that highly concentrated connectivity patterns can facilitate bistability in cortical neurons, thus promoting Up and Down states, which are commonly seen in cortical recordings and are thought to be relevant for ...
... driving them to fire at much higher rates than the mean. Computational models have shown that highly concentrated connectivity patterns can facilitate bistability in cortical neurons, thus promoting Up and Down states, which are commonly seen in cortical recordings and are thought to be relevant for ...
6 slides per sheet
... [70% of the balance are also expressed in the nervous system; the total is 85% of ...
... [70% of the balance are also expressed in the nervous system; the total is 85% of ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are also seen as part of the basal ganglia. The SNc and VTA release important modulatory signals named dopamine (DA), which are critical for several cognitive behaviors [5, 8, 10]. Major anatomical structures and components of the basal ganglia are provided in Fig. ...
... the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are also seen as part of the basal ganglia. The SNc and VTA release important modulatory signals named dopamine (DA), which are critical for several cognitive behaviors [5, 8, 10]. Major anatomical structures and components of the basal ganglia are provided in Fig. ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... there is no prior evidence for basal ganglia input to regions of posterior parietal cortex, some basal ganglia disorders result in symptoms that closely mimic parietal lobe dysfunction (Danta and Hilton, 1975; Boller et al., 1984; Richards et al., 1993; Hocherman and Giladi, 1998; Barrett et al., 20 ...
... there is no prior evidence for basal ganglia input to regions of posterior parietal cortex, some basal ganglia disorders result in symptoms that closely mimic parietal lobe dysfunction (Danta and Hilton, 1975; Boller et al., 1984; Richards et al., 1993; Hocherman and Giladi, 1998; Barrett et al., 20 ...
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... Kalcheim and Teillet, 1989; Stern and Keynes, 1987). Although previous work implicated Eph/ephrin and neuropilin 1/semaphorin 3A (Nrp1/Sema3A) in somite to neural crest signaling (Eickholt et al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segm ...
... Kalcheim and Teillet, 1989; Stern and Keynes, 1987). Although previous work implicated Eph/ephrin and neuropilin 1/semaphorin 3A (Nrp1/Sema3A) in somite to neural crest signaling (Eickholt et al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segm ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... Figure 1. Extra- and intracellular Nrg domains contribute to MB axon guidance. (A) Schematic drawings of MB development. Side views of MB axon projections and cross-sections of the pedunculus are shown: (gray), ’’ (magenta), and (green). (B–D) Frontal projections of posterior (top) and anter ...
... Figure 1. Extra- and intracellular Nrg domains contribute to MB axon guidance. (A) Schematic drawings of MB development. Side views of MB axon projections and cross-sections of the pedunculus are shown: (gray), ’’ (magenta), and (green). (B–D) Frontal projections of posterior (top) and anter ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.