In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... 3. How to Study Neuronal Migration in the Cerebral Cortex Research on the molecular mechanisms regulating cortical neuronal migration is relevant not only to understand brain development, but also to gain insights into the mechanisms that underlie several neurological disorders. The experimental app ...
... 3. How to Study Neuronal Migration in the Cerebral Cortex Research on the molecular mechanisms regulating cortical neuronal migration is relevant not only to understand brain development, but also to gain insights into the mechanisms that underlie several neurological disorders. The experimental app ...
Specific Aims – Background and Gap, Aim 1 and 2 Schizophrenia is
... Specific Aims – Background and Gap, Aim 1 and 2 Schizophrenia is a chronic, heritable brain disease characterized by cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral impairments (1). Schizophrenic individuals have decreased grey matter in the frontal and temporal lobes of their cerebral cortexes, and these reg ...
... Specific Aims – Background and Gap, Aim 1 and 2 Schizophrenia is a chronic, heritable brain disease characterized by cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral impairments (1). Schizophrenic individuals have decreased grey matter in the frontal and temporal lobes of their cerebral cortexes, and these reg ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... recording have been described previously (Blagburn, 1989). To confirm the origin of the SIN EPSPs, the SI hair was left mobile and its tip was stuck to a broken micropipette coated with petroleum jelly; this was mounted on a loudspeaker which was driven by a pulse generator. Movement of the hair sel ...
... recording have been described previously (Blagburn, 1989). To confirm the origin of the SIN EPSPs, the SI hair was left mobile and its tip was stuck to a broken micropipette coated with petroleum jelly; this was mounted on a loudspeaker which was driven by a pulse generator. Movement of the hair sel ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... Limbic system: a group of interconnected deep brain structures common to all mammals that includes the hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory bubs and hippocampus. It plays an important role in the regulation of motivation, emotions and various autonomic functions. Neuropathic pain: pain initiated or cau ...
... Limbic system: a group of interconnected deep brain structures common to all mammals that includes the hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory bubs and hippocampus. It plays an important role in the regulation of motivation, emotions and various autonomic functions. Neuropathic pain: pain initiated or cau ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
... 1984; Hallberg and Skog, Chap. 6) (Fig. 7.1). Bimodal sensilla of numerous structural types occur on the body and all appendages and in their construction correspond to insect contact chemoreceptors. Aesthetascs are morphologically homogeneous, exclusively occur on the outer flagellum of the antennu ...
GAP-43 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons following Central
... segments, defined by the point of entrance of their dorsal roots into the dorsal horn, were then removed, postfixed for 6 hr, and then immersed in 20-30% sucrose in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 4°C) overnight. Northern blot analysis. The L3, L4, and L5 DRG ipsi- and contralateral to either a sciatic ne ...
... segments, defined by the point of entrance of their dorsal roots into the dorsal horn, were then removed, postfixed for 6 hr, and then immersed in 20-30% sucrose in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 4°C) overnight. Northern blot analysis. The L3, L4, and L5 DRG ipsi- and contralateral to either a sciatic ne ...
(Nurr1, Nur77 and Nor-1) by Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics in
... Other transcription factors are closely associated with dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission. Members of the Nur family are of particular interest. They are orphan members of the nuclear receptor family of steroid/thyroid-like receptors (Giguère, 1999). Three members of the Nur family have been ...
... Other transcription factors are closely associated with dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission. Members of the Nur family are of particular interest. They are orphan members of the nuclear receptor family of steroid/thyroid-like receptors (Giguère, 1999). Three members of the Nur family have been ...
Stephen Hawking
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
... slurred speech increasing. When Hawking returned home from Christmas his father urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. I ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... Cellular mechanisms The amygdala is a relatively ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate i ...
... Cellular mechanisms The amygdala is a relatively ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate i ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex layer VI converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson ...
... terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex layer VI converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... the flexibility and the limits of horizontal cholesterol transfer in vivo and may have implications for the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. ...
... the flexibility and the limits of horizontal cholesterol transfer in vivo and may have implications for the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after administration of anxiogenic or anxiolytic chemicals, stimulation of other brain area ...
... used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after administration of anxiogenic or anxiolytic chemicals, stimulation of other brain area ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... exercise (chronic exercise) and the recurring, often cyclic, activation of these exercise-related inputs in the RVLM are likely to be important in terms of neuroplastic changes. In a previous study (26), we investigated the effects of a protocol of chronic exercise on the glutamatergic neurotransmis ...
... exercise (chronic exercise) and the recurring, often cyclic, activation of these exercise-related inputs in the RVLM are likely to be important in terms of neuroplastic changes. In a previous study (26), we investigated the effects of a protocol of chronic exercise on the glutamatergic neurotransmis ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... Excessive excitation or loss of inhibitory neurotransmission has been closely related to epileptic activity. Somatostatin (SST) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are members of endogenous neuropeptides which are recognized as important modulator of classical neurotransmitter, distributed abundantly in mammal ...
... Excessive excitation or loss of inhibitory neurotransmission has been closely related to epileptic activity. Somatostatin (SST) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are members of endogenous neuropeptides which are recognized as important modulator of classical neurotransmitter, distributed abundantly in mammal ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
... Animal studies demonstrated that ischemic insult alters dopaminergic receptors and that this change leads to the degeneration of the GABAergic system in the SNr.12,13 Notably, GABA plays a major role in the modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. However, hyperkinetic movement d ...
... Animal studies demonstrated that ischemic insult alters dopaminergic receptors and that this change leads to the degeneration of the GABAergic system in the SNr.12,13 Notably, GABA plays a major role in the modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain. However, hyperkinetic movement d ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... of high θ-, and γ-waves and strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. In addition, histamine ...
... of high θ-, and γ-waves and strengthened the phase-amplitude coupling between these frequencies. The 24-hour rhythms of production and release of histamine and its metabolite, 1-methylhistamine were detected, whereas activities of the enzymes had no detectable diurnal rhythm. In addition, histamine ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... In the DH and mPFC, NMDARs play an important role in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Q ...
... In the DH and mPFC, NMDARs play an important role in the encoding and consolidation of TFC. For instance, pretraining infusions of an NMDAR antagonist into either region impairs TFC, as evidenced by reduced freezing behavior during context and CS retention testing (Gilmartin and Helmstetter, 2010; Q ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... components may be increased or decreased according to their direction of incidence. These filtering effects give rise to spectral cues for sound location, which actually provide sufficient directional information to allow broadband sounds to be localized reasonably well by using one ear alone.(15) N ...
... components may be increased or decreased according to their direction of incidence. These filtering effects give rise to spectral cues for sound location, which actually provide sufficient directional information to allow broadband sounds to be localized reasonably well by using one ear alone.(15) N ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... Wiens, 1989). This type of restricted innervation pattern contrasts sharply with the arrangement in the brachyuran crab species Eriphia, where CI innervates all the fibers of the dactyl opener muscle (Wiens et al., 1988). In the lobster Homarus americanus, Wiens confirmed dual inhibitory innervation ...
... Wiens, 1989). This type of restricted innervation pattern contrasts sharply with the arrangement in the brachyuran crab species Eriphia, where CI innervates all the fibers of the dactyl opener muscle (Wiens et al., 1988). In the lobster Homarus americanus, Wiens confirmed dual inhibitory innervation ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... Understanding brain function requires knowing connections between neurons. However, experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image n ...
... Understanding brain function requires knowing connections between neurons. However, experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image n ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.