Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... eries of all five tastes) differ significantly from C), and dark blue (2 mM Q). B, Relative palatability of the five different taste stimuli as determined by a brief access consumption zero, the neuron is deemed “taste responsive.” test. Palatability is measured as the average number of licks per 15 ...
... eries of all five tastes) differ significantly from C), and dark blue (2 mM Q). B, Relative palatability of the five different taste stimuli as determined by a brief access consumption zero, the neuron is deemed “taste responsive.” test. Palatability is measured as the average number of licks per 15 ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... the piriform to the neocortex (Rigas and Castro-Alamancos 2004). In addition to the endopiriform nucleus, the deepest part of layer III adjacent to it is also the origin of epileptiform activity (Hoffman and Haberly 1991; Demir et al. 2001). As a consequence of its high seizure susceptibility, the f ...
... the piriform to the neocortex (Rigas and Castro-Alamancos 2004). In addition to the endopiriform nucleus, the deepest part of layer III adjacent to it is also the origin of epileptiform activity (Hoffman and Haberly 1991; Demir et al. 2001). As a consequence of its high seizure susceptibility, the f ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... expression of tag-1 in r4 neurons of 36-hpf lzr/pbx4 embryos (Pöpperl et al., 2000). In addition, the motor nerve projection from r2 appears reduced or missing entirely, and axons from cells located in r2 and r3 project unfasiculated to the lateral edge of the hindbrain where they terminate. These ...
... expression of tag-1 in r4 neurons of 36-hpf lzr/pbx4 embryos (Pöpperl et al., 2000). In addition, the motor nerve projection from r2 appears reduced or missing entirely, and axons from cells located in r2 and r3 project unfasiculated to the lateral edge of the hindbrain where they terminate. These ...
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... DCN (Lorente de Nó 1981; Berrebi and Mugnaini 1991; Weedman et al. 1996). They are also unique in that they serve as the convergence point for auditory and somatosensory information (Young et al. 1995). The main features of the interneuronal circuitry of the DCN have been worked out, so that the gen ...
... DCN (Lorente de Nó 1981; Berrebi and Mugnaini 1991; Weedman et al. 1996). They are also unique in that they serve as the convergence point for auditory and somatosensory information (Young et al. 1995). The main features of the interneuronal circuitry of the DCN have been worked out, so that the gen ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the patterns of PNs’ axon collaterals to the MB calyx, certain PN axon ...
... individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the patterns of PNs’ axon collaterals to the MB calyx, certain PN axon ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the excitatory amino acid glutamate is the primary RHT neurotransmitter responsible for mediating the circadian actions of light, with NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and metabotropic receptors all seeming to play some role in mediating glutamate’s postsynaptic effects. I ...
... Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the excitatory amino acid glutamate is the primary RHT neurotransmitter responsible for mediating the circadian actions of light, with NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and metabotropic receptors all seeming to play some role in mediating glutamate’s postsynaptic effects. I ...
The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction
... The subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2⫹ and DAG activates protein kinase C and initiates a kinase phosphorylation cascade resulting in phosphorylation of ERK1/2. DAG also stimulates GnRH depolarization by activation of a nonselective cation channel (TRPC) and inhibition of an inwardly rectifyi ...
... The subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2⫹ and DAG activates protein kinase C and initiates a kinase phosphorylation cascade resulting in phosphorylation of ERK1/2. DAG also stimulates GnRH depolarization by activation of a nonselective cation channel (TRPC) and inhibition of an inwardly rectifyi ...
Document
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
... strengths of synaptic connections are altered. For example, long-term changes in synaptic connection may result in more postsynaptic receptors being embedded in the postsynaptic membrane, resulting in the strengthening of the synapse. Synaptic plasticity is also found to be the neural mechanism that ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... molecular mechanisms regulating general aspects of precursor specification during early telencephalic development (Guillemot et al., 2006), only a few genes have been shown to play a layer-specific role in the differentiation of neocortical neurons. Examples include Tbr1, whose loss affects SP forma ...
... molecular mechanisms regulating general aspects of precursor specification during early telencephalic development (Guillemot et al., 2006), only a few genes have been shown to play a layer-specific role in the differentiation of neocortical neurons. Examples include Tbr1, whose loss affects SP forma ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... spectral procedures on each epoch. The resulting functions were deployed in three-dimensional surfaces or generated topograms. The latter may be regarded as projections of the former on the x-y (horizontal) plane, in which the z-value is replaced with a gray scale (white for high, positive values; b ...
... spectral procedures on each epoch. The resulting functions were deployed in three-dimensional surfaces or generated topograms. The latter may be regarded as projections of the former on the x-y (horizontal) plane, in which the z-value is replaced with a gray scale (white for high, positive values; b ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... in the medial division. Still other inputs are known, not to mention those from the cerebral cortex and a widespread and complicated pattern of thalamocortical projections. The morphological heterogeneity of medial division neurons and axons is consistent, with the large number and functional divers ...
... in the medial division. Still other inputs are known, not to mention those from the cerebral cortex and a widespread and complicated pattern of thalamocortical projections. The morphological heterogeneity of medial division neurons and axons is consistent, with the large number and functional divers ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... 1 B). This observation of fewer NeuNlabeled neurons in Q31L and L100P compared to WT was also seen within each individual ROI, spanning from medial to lateral (Fig. 1C). Reduced neuronal proliferation in Q31L and L100P compared to WT We next determined whether the differences in the number of NeuN-p ...
... 1 B). This observation of fewer NeuNlabeled neurons in Q31L and L100P compared to WT was also seen within each individual ROI, spanning from medial to lateral (Fig. 1C). Reduced neuronal proliferation in Q31L and L100P compared to WT We next determined whether the differences in the number of NeuN-p ...
cont`d. - PSY388
... The Discovery of Chemical Transmission at Synapses • German physiologist Otto Loewi was the first to convincingly demonstrate that communication across the synapse occurs via chemical means • Neurotransmitters are chemicals that travel across the synapse and allow communication between neurons • Ch ...
... The Discovery of Chemical Transmission at Synapses • German physiologist Otto Loewi was the first to convincingly demonstrate that communication across the synapse occurs via chemical means • Neurotransmitters are chemicals that travel across the synapse and allow communication between neurons • Ch ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
... branches in the isolated frog hindbrain were recorded within a stereotactic outline of the vestibular nuclei. Utricular and lagenar nerveevoked activation maps overlapped strongly in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei, whereas lagenar amplitudes were greater in the superior vestibular nucl ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... patterns of molecules that are important for dendrite morphogenesis26–32 (BOX 2; FIG. 1). Moreover, dendrite dynamics of fluorescently labelled dendritic arborization neurons can be visualized in vivo throughout larval development as they are located between the epithelium and muscle in an essential ...
... patterns of molecules that are important for dendrite morphogenesis26–32 (BOX 2; FIG. 1). Moreover, dendrite dynamics of fluorescently labelled dendritic arborization neurons can be visualized in vivo throughout larval development as they are located between the epithelium and muscle in an essential ...
The role of repulsive guidance molecules in the
... yielded higher amounts of the 33 kDa fragment. As mentioned earlier, this autoproteolytic/instability cleavage site is highly conserved, and could represent a mechanism whereby the activity of the RGM proteins is regulated by pH changes or autoproteolytic activity. Whether this cleavage of the RGM p ...
... yielded higher amounts of the 33 kDa fragment. As mentioned earlier, this autoproteolytic/instability cleavage site is highly conserved, and could represent a mechanism whereby the activity of the RGM proteins is regulated by pH changes or autoproteolytic activity. Whether this cleavage of the RGM p ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... situation the subject is in. This notion entails that it is the main function of neocortical processes to put externally and internally generated signals in context to allow for flexible goal-oriented behavior. In a second step, repeated processing within the same ...
... situation the subject is in. This notion entails that it is the main function of neocortical processes to put externally and internally generated signals in context to allow for flexible goal-oriented behavior. In a second step, repeated processing within the same ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... which causes water to flow across cell membranes in order to reach an osmotic equilibrium between the cell’s cytoplasm and the ECF (Strange 2004). This leads to changes in cell volume and intracellular ionic strength. A hypertonic ECF leads to a decrease of cell volume and hypotonic ECF to an increa ...
... which causes water to flow across cell membranes in order to reach an osmotic equilibrium between the cell’s cytoplasm and the ECF (Strange 2004). This leads to changes in cell volume and intracellular ionic strength. A hypertonic ECF leads to a decrease of cell volume and hypotonic ECF to an increa ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... SCN glucose metabolism (2-DG method) is higher during the day than during the night Each SCN cell appears to have its own clock (separate daily peaks in activity) Yet ...
... SCN glucose metabolism (2-DG method) is higher during the day than during the night Each SCN cell appears to have its own clock (separate daily peaks in activity) Yet ...
Read Neuroglia
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.