Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. Such activity dependent changes of GABAARs could underlie homeostatic regulation ofw ...
... changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. Such activity dependent changes of GABAARs could underlie homeostatic regulation ofw ...
Pleiotrophin is a Neurotrophic Factor for Spinal Motor Neurons
... that has cysteine- and basic amino acid-rich residues distinct from other heparin binding growth factor families (12–14). In addition to the mitogenic effect on fibroblasts, PTN has activity in a variety of tissues and cell types (14–16). In the nervous system, it has been shown to induce neurite ou ...
... that has cysteine- and basic amino acid-rich residues distinct from other heparin binding growth factor families (12–14). In addition to the mitogenic effect on fibroblasts, PTN has activity in a variety of tissues and cell types (14–16). In the nervous system, it has been shown to induce neurite ou ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... P used to estimate volume using this formula: V ¼ T a/p (Pi), where T is the section thickness of the tissue slice, a/p is the area associated with each cross on the grid, and Pi is the number of crosses landing within the CA1 transect on each section. Volumes were estimated for each CA1 per bra ...
... P used to estimate volume using this formula: V ¼ T a/p (Pi), where T is the section thickness of the tissue slice, a/p is the area associated with each cross on the grid, and Pi is the number of crosses landing within the CA1 transect on each section. Volumes were estimated for each CA1 per bra ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubo ...
... could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubo ...
Evaluation of the Substantia Nigra in Patients with Parkinsonian
... of a hyperintense band of tissue on T2-weighted images between the dark region corresponding to the red nucleus and the more ventrally lying dark area of the pars reticularis (12–14). Rutledge et al (7) described a restoration of signal in the dorsal lateral substantia nigra, which may be caused eit ...
... of a hyperintense band of tissue on T2-weighted images between the dark region corresponding to the red nucleus and the more ventrally lying dark area of the pars reticularis (12–14). Rutledge et al (7) described a restoration of signal in the dorsal lateral substantia nigra, which may be caused eit ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... by pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment. These results suggest that OX1R does not couple to Gi proteins. On the other hand, forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in OX2R-expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with PTX. These ...
... by pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment. These results suggest that OX1R does not couple to Gi proteins. On the other hand, forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in OX2R-expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with PTX. These ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... Individual motor neurons were assigned to specific motor pools on the basis of Er81 and Isl1 expression, and the pool identity of each of the five motor neurons that were located adjacent to the motor neuron under study was scored. This index permits an analysis of the spatial relationship between t ...
... Individual motor neurons were assigned to specific motor pools on the basis of Er81 and Isl1 expression, and the pool identity of each of the five motor neurons that were located adjacent to the motor neuron under study was scored. This index permits an analysis of the spatial relationship between t ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... drowsy state (D) was defined as the first 3-s period from the onset of EEG synchronization (deactivation) during the transition from W to SWS. SWS was defined by sustained high-voltage slow waves in the EEG and lowered EMG activity. In the present study, D and SWS corresponded, respectively, to ligh ...
... drowsy state (D) was defined as the first 3-s period from the onset of EEG synchronization (deactivation) during the transition from W to SWS. SWS was defined by sustained high-voltage slow waves in the EEG and lowered EMG activity. In the present study, D and SWS corresponded, respectively, to ligh ...
Calcium Influx and Protein Phosphorylation Mediate the Metabolic
... pharmacological blockade either of action potentials in the motor nerve (Fumagalli et al., 1990) or of neuromuscular transmission (Avila et al., 1989) results in reduction of t,,2to values as observed after denervation. Finally, at ectopic synapses that had been denervated during early stages of the ...
... pharmacological blockade either of action potentials in the motor nerve (Fumagalli et al., 1990) or of neuromuscular transmission (Avila et al., 1989) results in reduction of t,,2to values as observed after denervation. Finally, at ectopic synapses that had been denervated during early stages of the ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... olfactory receptor neurons. Basal cells are located at the top of the olfactory epithelium, close to the cribiform plate. ...
... olfactory receptor neurons. Basal cells are located at the top of the olfactory epithelium, close to the cribiform plate. ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
... Considering rewards as the strengthening of stimulus–response associations was simple and appealing, but it did not explain how rewarded behavior was strengthened. Hull (31) proposed drive reduction theory to explain motivational systems underlying reward. This essentially stated that an organism ha ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and
... ethanol and the endogenous GlyR ligand taurine. The acamprosate-induced dopamine elevation was demonstrated to be inhibited by pre-treatment with GlyR or nAChRantagonists (Paper I). At a behavioral level, the ethanol intake-reducing effect of acamprosate was reversed by GlyR antagonism in the nAc (P ...
... ethanol and the endogenous GlyR ligand taurine. The acamprosate-induced dopamine elevation was demonstrated to be inhibited by pre-treatment with GlyR or nAChRantagonists (Paper I). At a behavioral level, the ethanol intake-reducing effect of acamprosate was reversed by GlyR antagonism in the nAc (P ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... (“where”) information and object (“what”) information is roughly segregated into the dorsal and ventral cortical visual pathways (Mishkin et al., 1983; Goodale and Milner, 1992). This hypothetical scheme poses a problem, however, when we plan to make a motor action aiming at a particular object, say ...
... (“where”) information and object (“what”) information is roughly segregated into the dorsal and ventral cortical visual pathways (Mishkin et al., 1983; Goodale and Milner, 1992). This hypothetical scheme poses a problem, however, when we plan to make a motor action aiming at a particular object, say ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... After a neuron’s response to eye and head motion had been characterized, we next investigated its sensitivity to neck proprioceptive inputs using four different approaches. First, the monkey’s head was held stationary relative to the earth while its body was sinusoidally (1 Hz, ⫾40°/s) rotated below ...
... After a neuron’s response to eye and head motion had been characterized, we next investigated its sensitivity to neck proprioceptive inputs using four different approaches. First, the monkey’s head was held stationary relative to the earth while its body was sinusoidally (1 Hz, ⫾40°/s) rotated below ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... specific activity 40–80 Ci, volume of 0.4–1.0 l). To inject tracers in the VA a small hole was made above the injection site for penetration of the injection needle. We injected fast blue (0.3 l), fluororuby (3 or 4 l) or fluoroemerald (5 l) in the VA. Subcortical injections must traverse the w ...
... specific activity 40–80 Ci, volume of 0.4–1.0 l). To inject tracers in the VA a small hole was made above the injection site for penetration of the injection needle. We injected fast blue (0.3 l), fluororuby (3 or 4 l) or fluoroemerald (5 l) in the VA. Subcortical injections must traverse the w ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... Animals receive important information about their environment via their sensory organs, enabling organisms to respond appropriately to external cues. The olfactory system plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurate ...
... Animals receive important information about their environment via their sensory organs, enabling organisms to respond appropriately to external cues. The olfactory system plays an important role in translating environmental chemical information into electrical signals that can be recognized accurate ...
E45021924
... postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns seen 2 days later [11]. If oxytocin release is intensely stimulated, morphological and functional changes occur ...
... postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns seen 2 days later [11]. If oxytocin release is intensely stimulated, morphological and functional changes occur ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... pars dissipata (rostral) and pars compacta (caudal) on the basis of the density of cholinergic neurons (Olszewski and Baxter, 1982), which were believed to be the most representative, if not the only, neuronal type in the PPN (Rye et al., 1987). Other subdivisions included rostral, middle, and cauda ...
... pars dissipata (rostral) and pars compacta (caudal) on the basis of the density of cholinergic neurons (Olszewski and Baxter, 1982), which were believed to be the most representative, if not the only, neuronal type in the PPN (Rye et al., 1987). Other subdivisions included rostral, middle, and cauda ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... ganglia, MAP2 immunoreactivity was confined to the dendriterich region of the cell body mass, and upwards of 85% of the tau immunoreactivity was found in the axon-rich region (Peng et al., 1986). In cultured hippocampal neurons MAP2 immunoreactivity was confined to the somatodendritic compartment an ...
... ganglia, MAP2 immunoreactivity was confined to the dendriterich region of the cell body mass, and upwards of 85% of the tau immunoreactivity was found in the axon-rich region (Peng et al., 1986). In cultured hippocampal neurons MAP2 immunoreactivity was confined to the somatodendritic compartment an ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... Clearly, integrins can only stimulate axon regeneration if they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including ...
... Clearly, integrins can only stimulate axon regeneration if they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.