Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders (Forray and Gysling, 2004). The anterior part of the BST receives excitatory inputs primarily from the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSUB) and ...
... neuronal activity. We refer also to an excellent review for studies on the role of BST in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders (Forray and Gysling, 2004). The anterior part of the BST receives excitatory inputs primarily from the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSUB) and ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
Preprint - Columbia Statistics
... The inputs to the model are xt , nt and lt , which represent discrete time series for the RGC spikes (S potentials), LGN spikes, and the luminance of the visual stimulus at time t, respectively. A distinct linear temporal filter is convolved with each ~ acts on the past LGN spikes (nt ) and source o ...
... The inputs to the model are xt , nt and lt , which represent discrete time series for the RGC spikes (S potentials), LGN spikes, and the luminance of the visual stimulus at time t, respectively. A distinct linear temporal filter is convolved with each ~ acts on the past LGN spikes (nt ) and source o ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... [this issue of Neuron]) . The structures included the dopamine system, as many of the stimulation sites were in close proximity to axons of dopamine neurons or to axons presynaptic to them (Wise, 1996a). Finally, major drugs of abuse influence dopamine neurotransmission (Wise and Hoffman, 1992; Wise ...
... [this issue of Neuron]) . The structures included the dopamine system, as many of the stimulation sites were in close proximity to axons of dopamine neurons or to axons presynaptic to them (Wise, 1996a). Finally, major drugs of abuse influence dopamine neurotransmission (Wise and Hoffman, 1992; Wise ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... reported to diminish excitatory transmit-ter release from primary afferent nerve endings (Frank and Fuortes, 1957). Also at the same time, Brown and Gillespie (1957) found that the ␣-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine raised sympathetic transmitter release. However, at that time, it was not re ...
... reported to diminish excitatory transmit-ter release from primary afferent nerve endings (Frank and Fuortes, 1957). Also at the same time, Brown and Gillespie (1957) found that the ␣-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine raised sympathetic transmitter release. However, at that time, it was not re ...
Gain control from beyond the classical receptive field in primate
... of drifting grating of different inner diameters and a blank screen of the same mean luminance. The inner diameter of the annular grating that evoked no response from the neuron was designated as the diameter of the summation field. In the experiment reported here a drifting sinusoidal grating, at t ...
... of drifting grating of different inner diameters and a blank screen of the same mean luminance. The inner diameter of the annular grating that evoked no response from the neuron was designated as the diameter of the summation field. In the experiment reported here a drifting sinusoidal grating, at t ...
Aspartame and Neuordegenerative Diseases
... Excitotoxins and the Brain The brain, weighing only three pounds, is made up of 60 % fat, due to myelin, and has large concentrations of amino acids. These are carefully regulated because so many amino acids serve as neurotransmitters or transmitter precursors. Each amino acid performs a specific du ...
... Excitotoxins and the Brain The brain, weighing only three pounds, is made up of 60 % fat, due to myelin, and has large concentrations of amino acids. These are carefully regulated because so many amino acids serve as neurotransmitters or transmitter precursors. Each amino acid performs a specific du ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... Stanfield and colleagues [17] using anterograde and retrograde labeling, first in rats and then in mice and other rodents [18, 19], have beautifully demonstrated that L5 cortical neurons from the motor and visual regions initially send identical projections to various targets including the spinal co ...
... Stanfield and colleagues [17] using anterograde and retrograde labeling, first in rats and then in mice and other rodents [18, 19], have beautifully demonstrated that L5 cortical neurons from the motor and visual regions initially send identical projections to various targets including the spinal co ...
FREE Sample Here
... Incorrect. Glial cells serve as a structure for neurons. c) myelin sheath d) dendritic spine ANS: a, p. 38, F, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 96 a= 96 b= 3 c= 1 d= 0 r = .25 10. Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons? a) reflexes, sensory neurons, motor neurons Incorrect. Reflexes are no ...
... Incorrect. Glial cells serve as a structure for neurons. c) myelin sheath d) dendritic spine ANS: a, p. 38, F, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 96 a= 96 b= 3 c= 1 d= 0 r = .25 10. Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons? a) reflexes, sensory neurons, motor neurons Incorrect. Reflexes are no ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... One common feature of all cells is the surrounding surface membrane that is differentially permeable; these membranes selectively exchange specific nutrients and gases between the cell’s interior and its surrounding fluid. Membranes encompass a nucleus within an intracellular fluid called the cytop ...
... One common feature of all cells is the surrounding surface membrane that is differentially permeable; these membranes selectively exchange specific nutrients and gases between the cell’s interior and its surrounding fluid. Membranes encompass a nucleus within an intracellular fluid called the cytop ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... spectively. It has been reported that VTA DA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs directly or indirectly from the PFC (Kalivas, 1993; Charara et al., 1996; Carr and Sesack, 2000; Omelchenko and Sesack, 2007) and other brain regions (Geisler and Wise, 2008). In addition, the VTA receives cholinergic ...
... spectively. It has been reported that VTA DA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs directly or indirectly from the PFC (Kalivas, 1993; Charara et al., 1996; Carr and Sesack, 2000; Omelchenko and Sesack, 2007) and other brain regions (Geisler and Wise, 2008). In addition, the VTA receives cholinergic ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... obtained from area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus of anesthetized rats. In cases where the electrode placements were accurate, simultaneous spikes were observed in the extracellular and intracellular recordings as the intracellular electrode was advanced through the tissue and attempts were made to o ...
... obtained from area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus of anesthetized rats. In cases where the electrode placements were accurate, simultaneous spikes were observed in the extracellular and intracellular recordings as the intracellular electrode was advanced through the tissue and attempts were made to o ...
Document
... If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action potential Incorrect: An action potential refers to a s ...
... If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action potential Incorrect: An action potential refers to a s ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.