Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the North Atlantic Journal of the
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea
... proxies, and their relatively limited attention to benthic foraminiferal assemblage studies reflects their decreased popularity. Following the important progress in foraminiferal ecology in recent years, several papers (e.g., Gooday, 1994; Jorissen, 1999a; Van der Zwaan, Duijnstee, Den Dulk, Ernst, ...
... proxies, and their relatively limited attention to benthic foraminiferal assemblage studies reflects their decreased popularity. Following the important progress in foraminiferal ecology in recent years, several papers (e.g., Gooday, 1994; Jorissen, 1999a; Van der Zwaan, Duijnstee, Den Dulk, Ernst, ...
Working Group on Achieving Ecosystem Management and Integrated
... Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICM) by 2010 in the Context of Climate Change and Working Group on Indicators for Progress--have been working in tandem to produce initial information on the application of EBM/ICM at national and regional areas and in areas beyond national jurisdiction, as w ...
... Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICM) by 2010 in the Context of Climate Change and Working Group on Indicators for Progress--have been working in tandem to produce initial information on the application of EBM/ICM at national and regional areas and in areas beyond national jurisdiction, as w ...
Crustal Structure at the Continental Margin South of South Africa
... In a number of areas, the geological basement crops out extensively on the sea floor; these areas are shown in Fig. 2. Those areas holding the greatest implications for the gravity interpretation are the Agulhas Arch antiform of Palaeozoic and Precambrian rocks (Gentle 1970), the Agulhas marginal fr ...
... In a number of areas, the geological basement crops out extensively on the sea floor; these areas are shown in Fig. 2. Those areas holding the greatest implications for the gravity interpretation are the Agulhas Arch antiform of Palaeozoic and Precambrian rocks (Gentle 1970), the Agulhas marginal fr ...
A model for the layered upper mantle
... of the material from which the Earth formed. Some meteorites did not undergo differentiation, others correspond to the material from differentiated, and subsequently disrupted, planetary bodies; these represent material from various layers in these bodies, and by analogy in the Earth. MacDonald and ...
... of the material from which the Earth formed. Some meteorites did not undergo differentiation, others correspond to the material from differentiated, and subsequently disrupted, planetary bodies; these represent material from various layers in these bodies, and by analogy in the Earth. MacDonald and ...
11. GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF THE CÔTE D`IVOIRE
... Moreover, siliciclastic sediments cropping out along the nearby southern continental slope are also considered to have been deposited in a very shallow marine deltaic environment (Guiraud et al., 1997b). In contrast, siliciclastic sediments from Sites 961 and 962 were deposited into an open marine e ...
... Moreover, siliciclastic sediments cropping out along the nearby southern continental slope are also considered to have been deposited in a very shallow marine deltaic environment (Guiraud et al., 1997b). In contrast, siliciclastic sediments from Sites 961 and 962 were deposited into an open marine e ...
The Proterozoic Part 1 - University of South Alabama
... Other Proterozoic Orogenies Orogeny: A mountain building event (mostly collision and subduction, occasionally transform motion, but doesn’t require continent-continent collisions) Note: Most mountain building episodes (regardless of the actual process are given specific names) e.g.: the Wopmay Orog ...
... Other Proterozoic Orogenies Orogeny: A mountain building event (mostly collision and subduction, occasionally transform motion, but doesn’t require continent-continent collisions) Note: Most mountain building episodes (regardless of the actual process are given specific names) e.g.: the Wopmay Orog ...
Ocean systems. In: Climate Change 2014
... Executive Summary Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on marine ecosystem services, which are sensitive to climate change (high confidence), in particular the provisi ...
... Executive Summary Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on marine ecosystem services, which are sensitive to climate change (high confidence), in particular the provisi ...
Low Res - SAHFOS
... Executive Summary Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on marine ecosystem services, which are sensitive to climate change (high confidence), in particular the provisi ...
... Executive Summary Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on marine ecosystem services, which are sensitive to climate change (high confidence), in particular the provisi ...
Topography and geoid due to lithospheric mass anomalies
... important observations. First, the oceanic floor everywhere follows the same topography versus age relationship, indicating that the long-wavelength topography of deep origin over the ocean basins has a small amplitude. If the flattening of the sea-floor topography at age larger than 100 Ma is assoc ...
... important observations. First, the oceanic floor everywhere follows the same topography versus age relationship, indicating that the long-wavelength topography of deep origin over the ocean basins has a small amplitude. If the flattening of the sea-floor topography at age larger than 100 Ma is assoc ...
1 Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle
... from the surface to the deep ocean is fundamental to understanding the global cycling of ...
... from the surface to the deep ocean is fundamental to understanding the global cycling of ...
Dynamics of temperature and chlorophyll
... Uplifted isotherms penetrated to the lower euphotic zone and were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations. Vertical displacement of uplifted isotherms decayed with elevation above the seamount, so that both temperature and chlorophyll anomalies were undetectable at depths less than 80 m. R ...
... Uplifted isotherms penetrated to the lower euphotic zone and were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations. Vertical displacement of uplifted isotherms decayed with elevation above the seamount, so that both temperature and chlorophyll anomalies were undetectable at depths less than 80 m. R ...
Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments in
... estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in a large fjord estuary complex (Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound, Washington; Supplementary Table S1). Further details of the survey, sampling dates, sampling method, and habitats from whi ...
... estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in a large fjord estuary complex (Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound, Washington; Supplementary Table S1). Further details of the survey, sampling dates, sampling method, and habitats from whi ...
Original Article Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments
... an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in a large fjord estuary complex (Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound, Washington; Supplementary Table S1). Further details of the ...
... an open coast location (Newport, Oregon), and a shallow tidal estuary (Netarts Bay, Oregon); and published carbonate chemistry data from late summer and fall surveys in a large fjord estuary complex (Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound, Washington; Supplementary Table S1). Further details of the ...
hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr - HAL
... basins and large-scale shear zones such as the RRF have been widely debated: these topographic lows formed either as a pull-apart basin at the south-easternmost extremity of the RRF (i.e., extrusion: e.g., Tapponnier et al. 1982; Tapponnier et al. 1986) or as more classical back-arc basins behind th ...
... basins and large-scale shear zones such as the RRF have been widely debated: these topographic lows formed either as a pull-apart basin at the south-easternmost extremity of the RRF (i.e., extrusion: e.g., Tapponnier et al. 1982; Tapponnier et al. 1986) or as more classical back-arc basins behind th ...
Dynamic topography above retreating subduction zones
... geometry. Each point mass induces a Stokeslet and these are summed to determine the flow (which includes the slab). For simplicity, the stream function for slab motion is computed in an infinite space (note that this approximation breaks down for the most shallow elements). The resulting flow is use ...
... geometry. Each point mass induces a Stokeslet and these are summed to determine the flow (which includes the slab). For simplicity, the stream function for slab motion is computed in an infinite space (note that this approximation breaks down for the most shallow elements). The resulting flow is use ...
Plate boundaries, rifts and transforms in Iceland
... between the North America and Eurasia Plates that crosses the island. The thick crust produced by the excess magmatism of the hotspot leads to a wider and more complicated plate boundary deformation zone than is observed along normal oceanic plate boundaries. Furthermore, the relative movement of th ...
... between the North America and Eurasia Plates that crosses the island. The thick crust produced by the excess magmatism of the hotspot leads to a wider and more complicated plate boundary deformation zone than is observed along normal oceanic plate boundaries. Furthermore, the relative movement of th ...
Impact origin for the greater Ontong Java Plateau?
... mantle plume [7,9]. Mesozoic magnetic anomalies in the basins indicate that Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous oceanic crust underlies the Lower Cretaceous East Mariana, Nauru, and Pigafetta £ood basalts [32,44,45]. Castillo et al. [10] suggested that if one or more OJP plume head(s) had extended un ...
... mantle plume [7,9]. Mesozoic magnetic anomalies in the basins indicate that Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous oceanic crust underlies the Lower Cretaceous East Mariana, Nauru, and Pigafetta £ood basalts [32,44,45]. Castillo et al. [10] suggested that if one or more OJP plume head(s) had extended un ...
SECOND INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION (IIOE-2)
... understanding of geologic, oceanic and atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the In ...
... understanding of geologic, oceanic and atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the In ...
Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and
... on the environmental change occurring in the Anthropocene, and the significant influence that ocean interactions have on global environment and society, in 1997 a new project was considered that would cover marine biogeochemistry and its interaction with the atmosphere: the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosph ...
... on the environmental change occurring in the Anthropocene, and the significant influence that ocean interactions have on global environment and society, in 1997 a new project was considered that would cover marine biogeochemistry and its interaction with the atmosphere: the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosph ...
Annual report 2005 (of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
... little forethought to the future? The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is convinced that the science and technology we have today can and should protect the lives and property of all people living around the oceans of the world. This Annual Report will describe how we are working ...
... little forethought to the future? The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is convinced that the science and technology we have today can and should protect the lives and property of all people living around the oceans of the world. This Annual Report will describe how we are working ...
Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX86
... This initial calibration study has been followed by other studies which investigated the validity of TEX86 as an SST proxy. Mesocosm experiments confirmed that marine Crenarchaeota changed their membrane composition with growth temperature and showed that changes in salinity and nutrients did not su ...
... This initial calibration study has been followed by other studies which investigated the validity of TEX86 as an SST proxy. Mesocosm experiments confirmed that marine Crenarchaeota changed their membrane composition with growth temperature and showed that changes in salinity and nutrients did not su ...
Subduction-driven recycling of continental margin lithosphere
... Arrowhead terminates at the Paria cluster, where the ATL is currently tearing from South America. ...
... Arrowhead terminates at the Paria cluster, where the ATL is currently tearing from South America. ...
Land Zones of Queensland - Department of Environment and
... This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the resp ...
... This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the resp ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.