Density structure and geometry of the Costa Rican subduction zone
... to monitor the seismic activity around the Arenal and Miravalles volcanoes, the network has expanded in the last decade with two more permanent subnetworks around the Tenorio and Rincon de la Vieja volcanoes and several temporary projects (Fig. 2). The network configuration has varied accordingly ov ...
... to monitor the seismic activity around the Arenal and Miravalles volcanoes, the network has expanded in the last decade with two more permanent subnetworks around the Tenorio and Rincon de la Vieja volcanoes and several temporary projects (Fig. 2). The network configuration has varied accordingly ov ...
Oxygen Sensitivity of Anammox and Coupled N
... in the Namibian and Peruvian OMZs. Our results show that O2 is a major controlling factor for anammox activity in OMZ waters. Based on our O2 assays we estimate the upper limit for anammox to be ,20 mmol L21. In contrast, NH3 oxidation to NO22 and NO32 reduction to NO22 as the main NH4+ and NO22 sou ...
... in the Namibian and Peruvian OMZs. Our results show that O2 is a major controlling factor for anammox activity in OMZ waters. Based on our O2 assays we estimate the upper limit for anammox to be ,20 mmol L21. In contrast, NH3 oxidation to NO22 and NO32 reduction to NO22 as the main NH4+ and NO22 sou ...
Benthic Exchange and Biogeochemical Cycling in Permeable
... greater than 10−12 m2 ; when this threshold is reached, interfacial solute fluxes deviate significantly from those associated with molecular diffusive transport, and advective pore-water flows dominate exchange processes in the sediment surface layers. This fluid exchange tightly couples shelf water col ...
... greater than 10−12 m2 ; when this threshold is reached, interfacial solute fluxes deviate significantly from those associated with molecular diffusive transport, and advective pore-water flows dominate exchange processes in the sediment surface layers. This fluid exchange tightly couples shelf water col ...
Morphotectonic features on Titan and their possible origin
... possess different surface and internal conditions, bodies like Titan, Europa and Enceladus may possess a liquid water layer underneath their icy crust. If confirmed, then similarly to rocky plate tectonics on Earth, rigid ice plates may rupture and collide, floating over such a liquid substrate layer, ...
... possess different surface and internal conditions, bodies like Titan, Europa and Enceladus may possess a liquid water layer underneath their icy crust. If confirmed, then similarly to rocky plate tectonics on Earth, rigid ice plates may rupture and collide, floating over such a liquid substrate layer, ...
The submersible and oceanography.
... aspects of oceanography, but the areas that are stressed include management of the coastal zone, pollution control, port development, and development of oceanographic instruments and tools. ...
... aspects of oceanography, but the areas that are stressed include management of the coastal zone, pollution control, port development, and development of oceanographic instruments and tools. ...
A slab in depth: Three-dimensional geometry and evolution of the
... depth of hypocenters, P wave tomography is used to determine the slab geometry. Four regional P wave tomographic models were used in the interpretation of the slab surface displayed in Figures 2 and 3: Australia, Indonesia, China and India. The P wave models are from Sri Widiyantoro and presented by ...
... depth of hypocenters, P wave tomography is used to determine the slab geometry. Four regional P wave tomographic models were used in the interpretation of the slab surface displayed in Figures 2 and 3: Australia, Indonesia, China and India. The P wave models are from Sri Widiyantoro and presented by ...
Initial Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Commitments
... This meeting followed recommendations made at I-GOOS-III (Paris, June 1998), and the 19th IOC Assembly (Paris, July 1998), and anticipated endorsement by the IOC Assembly of Resolution XX-7, which called for agreement to the GOOS Principles and plans, and urged Member States to contribute to GOOS im ...
... This meeting followed recommendations made at I-GOOS-III (Paris, June 1998), and the 19th IOC Assembly (Paris, July 1998), and anticipated endorsement by the IOC Assembly of Resolution XX-7, which called for agreement to the GOOS Principles and plans, and urged Member States to contribute to GOOS im ...
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... that characterize the Caribbean and the easternmost Scotia Sea may be produced by viscous coupling to the predicted Pacific outflow through the gaps, and the Caribbean floor slopes in the predicted direction. If mantle outflow does pass through the gaps in the Pacific perimeter, it must pass beneath ...
... that characterize the Caribbean and the easternmost Scotia Sea may be produced by viscous coupling to the predicted Pacific outflow through the gaps, and the Caribbean floor slopes in the predicted direction. If mantle outflow does pass through the gaps in the Pacific perimeter, it must pass beneath ...
Wilton Sturges III - FSU-EOAS
... on Departures of Sea Surface from Geoid, August, 1973 American Geophysical Union; Member, Committee on Marine Geodesy, 1973-76 Nova University/U.N.O.L.S.; Member, Current-meter facility advisory board, 1974-75 National Academy of Sciences; Member, Ocean Science Board, 1975-77 National Science Founda ...
... on Departures of Sea Surface from Geoid, August, 1973 American Geophysical Union; Member, Committee on Marine Geodesy, 1973-76 Nova University/U.N.O.L.S.; Member, Current-meter facility advisory board, 1974-75 National Academy of Sciences; Member, Ocean Science Board, 1975-77 National Science Founda ...
BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY 2001 IN REVIEW
... and then deployed an array of acoustic receivers along 160 km of the seafloor off Cape Breton. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of mixing of inshore Cape Breton cod stocks with the Gulf of St. Lawrence cod that migrate off Cape Breton during the BIO-2001 IN REVIEW / ...
... and then deployed an array of acoustic receivers along 160 km of the seafloor off Cape Breton. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of mixing of inshore Cape Breton cod stocks with the Gulf of St. Lawrence cod that migrate off Cape Breton during the BIO-2001 IN REVIEW / ...
Deep-Sea Life
... were looking to detect internal tidal waves and analyse their interaction with the continental Fig. 2 - Map of the predicted distribution of deep-sea sponge fields slope as a means of modelling carbonate mound composed of Pheronema carpenteri in UK and Irish deep sea environments. Moorings are the b ...
... were looking to detect internal tidal waves and analyse their interaction with the continental Fig. 2 - Map of the predicted distribution of deep-sea sponge fields slope as a means of modelling carbonate mound composed of Pheronema carpenteri in UK and Irish deep sea environments. Moorings are the b ...
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
... The Father of Plate Tectonics John Tuzo Wilson was born in Ottawa in 1908, the first child of Henrietta Tuzo and John Armistead Wilson (Figure 3.5). His mother was an accomplished mountaineer and his father an engineer. This heritage was reflected by Tuzo Wilson’s choice of studies: he graduated fro ...
... The Father of Plate Tectonics John Tuzo Wilson was born in Ottawa in 1908, the first child of Henrietta Tuzo and John Armistead Wilson (Figure 3.5). His mother was an accomplished mountaineer and his father an engineer. This heritage was reflected by Tuzo Wilson’s choice of studies: he graduated fro ...
Meteorological, Sea Ice and Physical Oceanographic Conditions on
... 0.5oC over the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine and up to 0.75oC in some areas (Figure 3). The seasonal anomaly of these regions is near normal during the first half of the year for the Scotian Shelf and below normal for the Gulf of Maine. For the second half of the year, the air temperatures were ab ...
... 0.5oC over the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine and up to 0.75oC in some areas (Figure 3). The seasonal anomaly of these regions is near normal during the first half of the year for the Scotian Shelf and below normal for the Gulf of Maine. For the second half of the year, the air temperatures were ab ...
Radiozoa (Acantharia, Phaeodaria and Radiolaria) and Heliozoa
... radiolarians in the pacific along 170° W transect. (Modified from Casey, in Funnell & Reidel 1971, figure 7.1.) ...
... radiolarians in the pacific along 170° W transect. (Modified from Casey, in Funnell & Reidel 1971, figure 7.1.) ...
marine biological considerations related to the reverse osmosis
... permanent coastal oceanographic feature for more than 50 years of continuous power plant operation. The heated water forms a mainly surface-occurring plume that fans out from the outflow channel and drifts south with the prevailing longshore surface current. The plume’s gradual rate of thermal dilut ...
... permanent coastal oceanographic feature for more than 50 years of continuous power plant operation. The heated water forms a mainly surface-occurring plume that fans out from the outflow channel and drifts south with the prevailing longshore surface current. The plume’s gradual rate of thermal dilut ...
Sea change: Advancing Australia`s ocean interests
... For the past twenty years or so, Australia has attempted to get its ocean management act together. Australia’s Oceans Policy was released in 1998, but it hasn’t achieved the high expectations originally set for it. It’s now mainly an environmental policy focused on implementing a system of bioregion ...
... For the past twenty years or so, Australia has attempted to get its ocean management act together. Australia’s Oceans Policy was released in 1998, but it hasn’t achieved the high expectations originally set for it. It’s now mainly an environmental policy focused on implementing a system of bioregion ...
Inclusions in Sublithospheric Diamonds
... originated from a narrow depth window between about 140 and 200 km, as indicated by calculations of temperature and pressure of formation of their silicate inclusions. The top end of this depth range corresponds to the transition of graphite to diamond at conditions in Earth’s mantle; the bottom end ...
... originated from a narrow depth window between about 140 and 200 km, as indicated by calculations of temperature and pressure of formation of their silicate inclusions. The top end of this depth range corresponds to the transition of graphite to diamond at conditions in Earth’s mantle; the bottom end ...
Geological Evidence For The Geographical Pattern of Mantle Return
... passingunder them, and (4) oceanicplatesare effectivelydecoupledfrom the asthenosphereand are driven largely by slab pull. This mechanismaccountsfor the openingof the Atlantic, the ability of spreadingridgesto stay on the midlinesof oceans,and the penetrationof India into Asia following their collis ...
... passingunder them, and (4) oceanicplatesare effectivelydecoupledfrom the asthenosphereand are driven largely by slab pull. This mechanismaccountsfor the openingof the Atlantic, the ability of spreadingridgesto stay on the midlinesof oceans,and the penetrationof India into Asia following their collis ...
The role of local atmospheric forcing on the
... regions, and in particular in the tropics and subtropics, cannot be maintained by local atmospheric forcings only, but are also a result of oceanic dynamics that are not simulated in a single column ocean model. Thus lateral ocean dynamics are essential in maintaining observed MLD. ...
... regions, and in particular in the tropics and subtropics, cannot be maintained by local atmospheric forcings only, but are also a result of oceanic dynamics that are not simulated in a single column ocean model. Thus lateral ocean dynamics are essential in maintaining observed MLD. ...
Author`s personal copy
... reflecting a complex fragmented structure of the mantle directly under the Moho boundary. The wave Pn and the next waves PN have often step-like traveltimes (Figs. 2 and 4) because of the alteration of layers with high and low velocities in the uppermost mantle. This suggests the existence of a veloc ...
... reflecting a complex fragmented structure of the mantle directly under the Moho boundary. The wave Pn and the next waves PN have often step-like traveltimes (Figs. 2 and 4) because of the alteration of layers with high and low velocities in the uppermost mantle. This suggests the existence of a veloc ...
Untitled - International Seabed Authority
... purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the superjacent waters, as well as of the seabed and subsoil. In addition, the coastal State has jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installat ...
... purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the superjacent waters, as well as of the seabed and subsoil. In addition, the coastal State has jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installat ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... mountains in the Pacific that he gave the name guyot. He puzzled at what could have formed mountains that appeared to be eroded at the top but were more than a mile beneath the sea surface. Hess also noticed trenches that were as much as 7 miles deep. Meanwhile, other scientists like Bruce Heezen di ...
... mountains in the Pacific that he gave the name guyot. He puzzled at what could have formed mountains that appeared to be eroded at the top but were more than a mile beneath the sea surface. Hess also noticed trenches that were as much as 7 miles deep. Meanwhile, other scientists like Bruce Heezen di ...
1994 Annual Report - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... affects density distributions and, thus, currents. The shear falls in the “weak signal” category at an important scale: The height of typical transient turbulent layers, which is a few meters. Shear at these scales can be unstable, and the flow can break down into turbulent The broad range of physic ...
... affects density distributions and, thus, currents. The shear falls in the “weak signal” category at an important scale: The height of typical transient turbulent layers, which is a few meters. Shear at these scales can be unstable, and the flow can break down into turbulent The broad range of physic ...
Newly identi¢ed segments of the Paci¢c^Australia plate boundary
... The North Fiji transform zone, a 1500 km long and 200 km wide transform segment of the Pacific^Australia plate boundary, is one of the major transform fault systems of the Earth. New data collected during the ALAUFI cruise (March 2000) on board the R/V L'Atalante make it possible to define more accu ...
... The North Fiji transform zone, a 1500 km long and 200 km wide transform segment of the Pacific^Australia plate boundary, is one of the major transform fault systems of the Earth. New data collected during the ALAUFI cruise (March 2000) on board the R/V L'Atalante make it possible to define more accu ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.