Contaminants in the arctic marine environment
... associated with global and regional releases of chemical and radioactive contaminants from human activities. The sources, mode of transport, and biological effects of persistent organic compounds, lead, cadmium, mercury, artificial radionuclides, and oil are reviewed. An outline of the physical and ...
... associated with global and regional releases of chemical and radioactive contaminants from human activities. The sources, mode of transport, and biological effects of persistent organic compounds, lead, cadmium, mercury, artificial radionuclides, and oil are reviewed. An outline of the physical and ...
The Crozet oceanic zone
... Figure 1: Map of the Crozet archipelago indicating the actual marine natural reserve around 4 islands of the archipelago. The Possession Island is at the moment the only one with no marine reserve but is, as the other islands a terrestrial natural reserve. This project follows the French "ecoregiona ...
... Figure 1: Map of the Crozet archipelago indicating the actual marine natural reserve around 4 islands of the archipelago. The Possession Island is at the moment the only one with no marine reserve but is, as the other islands a terrestrial natural reserve. This project follows the French "ecoregiona ...
THE OFFICIAl MAGAzINE OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
... determining the effect of changes in ionic composition. This is not always the case because non-electrolytes like Si(OH)4 are not detected by conductivity. There were quite a few committee discussions about how salinity should be defined. Physicists on the panel thought of salinity as 3.5 x 10–3 or ...
... determining the effect of changes in ionic composition. This is not always the case because non-electrolytes like Si(OH)4 are not detected by conductivity. There were quite a few committee discussions about how salinity should be defined. Physicists on the panel thought of salinity as 3.5 x 10–3 or ...
The Oceanic Lithosphere
... GEOPHYSICS AND GEOCHEMISTRY – Vol. II - The Oceanic Lithosphere - Javier Escartín ...
... GEOPHYSICS AND GEOCHEMISTRY – Vol. II - The Oceanic Lithosphere - Javier Escartín ...
UNOLS Booth at 2014 Ocean Sciences Conference Program
... of their material; specific times for each group of photographing of presentations Limnology and Oceanography poster presenters to be available to talk about their is not allowed at the meeting. For more than 50 years, ASLO has been a leadposters have been scheduled between 16:00 and ing professiona ...
... of their material; specific times for each group of photographing of presentations Limnology and Oceanography poster presenters to be available to talk about their is not allowed at the meeting. For more than 50 years, ASLO has been a leadposters have been scheduled between 16:00 and ing professiona ...
Microplastics in the ocean
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
G163S10L15_enso_ROD
... transition to ENSO-neutral conditions is expected by June 2010, which will continue into the Northern Hemisphere summer 2010. Although most models predict ENSO-neutral conditions, there is a growing possibility of La Niña developing during the second half of ...
... transition to ENSO-neutral conditions is expected by June 2010, which will continue into the Northern Hemisphere summer 2010. Although most models predict ENSO-neutral conditions, there is a growing possibility of La Niña developing during the second half of ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Iceland, although Caledonian and older ages have been reported for the recycled crust (Korenaga and Kelemen, 2000). One of two major positive geoid anomalies on Earth (+60 m) peaks over Iceland. The positive free air gravity values and the elevated surface topography indicate significant dynamic sup ...
... Iceland, although Caledonian and older ages have been reported for the recycled crust (Korenaga and Kelemen, 2000). One of two major positive geoid anomalies on Earth (+60 m) peaks over Iceland. The positive free air gravity values and the elevated surface topography indicate significant dynamic sup ...
Ch. 16 Marine and Coastal Systems: Resources, Impacts, and
... • Coral reef = a mass of calcium carbonate composed of the skeletons of corals - Consists of millions of densely packed individuals - Protect shorelines by absorbing waves - Innumerable invertebrates and fish species find food and shelter in reef nooks and crannies Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education ...
... • Coral reef = a mass of calcium carbonate composed of the skeletons of corals - Consists of millions of densely packed individuals - Protect shorelines by absorbing waves - Innumerable invertebrates and fish species find food and shelter in reef nooks and crannies Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education ...
Subduction factory 2. Are intermediate
... uppermost mantle dehydrating under equilibrium conditions and producing earthquakes; and (4) anhydrous mantle lithosphere transforming sluggishly and aseismically to denser minerals. Fluid generated through dehydration reactions can move via at least three distinct flow paths: percolation through lo ...
... uppermost mantle dehydrating under equilibrium conditions and producing earthquakes; and (4) anhydrous mantle lithosphere transforming sluggishly and aseismically to denser minerals. Fluid generated through dehydration reactions can move via at least three distinct flow paths: percolation through lo ...
Report of the Joint OSPAR/ICES Ocean Acidification Study Group
... the membership. It is clear that there are many OA-relevant chemical data collection activities ongoing in the OSPAR area, albeit, this is still an incomplete picture as many OSPAR Contracting Parties were not represented at SGOA. Data collection is often linked to other monitoring and research acti ...
... the membership. It is clear that there are many OA-relevant chemical data collection activities ongoing in the OSPAR area, albeit, this is still an incomplete picture as many OSPAR Contracting Parties were not represented at SGOA. Data collection is often linked to other monitoring and research acti ...
Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and sampling
... every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor of 4 when it is warmed from polar water temperatures of about –1.9 oC to equatorial water temperatures of about 30 oC. On the other hand, the total CO2 concentration in surfa ...
... every 16oC temperature increase. For a parcel of seawater with constant chemical composition, pCO2 would increase by a factor of 4 when it is warmed from polar water temperatures of about –1.9 oC to equatorial water temperatures of about 30 oC. On the other hand, the total CO2 concentration in surfa ...
Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary sediments: reservoir
... from the surface waters (~200 m) measure on worldwide average of 400 years older than contemporary terrestrial wood, since the reservoir from which these foraminifers derive carbon has lower 14C/12C ratios compared to the atmosphere. This is mainly due to the mixing with deeper 14C depleted water (S ...
... from the surface waters (~200 m) measure on worldwide average of 400 years older than contemporary terrestrial wood, since the reservoir from which these foraminifers derive carbon has lower 14C/12C ratios compared to the atmosphere. This is mainly due to the mixing with deeper 14C depleted water (S ...
09_AtmosphericCirculation
... air where the northeast trades and southeast trades converge, generally in the vicinity of the equator (or at least the heat equator). • The zone is also called the equatorial front, the intertropical front, and the doldrums. • Intertropical convergence zone thunderstorms provide the updrafts where ...
... air where the northeast trades and southeast trades converge, generally in the vicinity of the equator (or at least the heat equator). • The zone is also called the equatorial front, the intertropical front, and the doldrums. • Intertropical convergence zone thunderstorms provide the updrafts where ...
Lithospheric layering in the North American craton
... How cratons—extremely stable continental areas of the Earth’s crust—formed and remained largely unchanged for more than 2,500 million years is much debated. Recent studies of seismic-wave receiver function data have detected a structural boundary under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be ...
... How cratons—extremely stable continental areas of the Earth’s crust—formed and remained largely unchanged for more than 2,500 million years is much debated. Recent studies of seismic-wave receiver function data have detected a structural boundary under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be ...
Dehydration of serpentinized slab mantle: Seismic evidence from southwest Japan
... Honshu and southwest Japan in terms of the dehydration reactions in the crust based on the temperature structures of the slabs in these regions, and Peacock (2001) stressed the importance of hydration of slab mantle by faulting at the trench–outer rise region on double seismic zone generation. The P ...
... Honshu and southwest Japan in terms of the dehydration reactions in the crust based on the temperature structures of the slabs in these regions, and Peacock (2001) stressed the importance of hydration of slab mantle by faulting at the trench–outer rise region on double seismic zone generation. The P ...
The Influence of CO2 Enrichment on Net Photosynthesis of
... 0.3–0.4 units by 2100 (Omstedt et al., 2012; Schneider et al., 2015). Moreover, the brackish Baltic Sea is sensitive to a future increase in acidity due to low carbonate buffering capacity, which is related to its low salinity, particularly in the northern parts (Hjalmarsson et al., 2008; Omstedt et ...
... 0.3–0.4 units by 2100 (Omstedt et al., 2012; Schneider et al., 2015). Moreover, the brackish Baltic Sea is sensitive to a future increase in acidity due to low carbonate buffering capacity, which is related to its low salinity, particularly in the northern parts (Hjalmarsson et al., 2008; Omstedt et ...
Driving the upper plate surface deformation by slab
... during the first subduction event (Fig. 4a). This toroidal flow occurs both below C1 and through the opening slab window. At the surface, extensional and compressional deformation occurs in the back-arc and collisional domain, respectively. Crustal and mantle flows are essentially decoupled and surface ...
... during the first subduction event (Fig. 4a). This toroidal flow occurs both below C1 and through the opening slab window. At the surface, extensional and compressional deformation occurs in the back-arc and collisional domain, respectively. Crustal and mantle flows are essentially decoupled and surface ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... To move forward we hear many voices say: ¨we need a convention¨, ¨we need an implementation agreement for the Law of the Sea¨, ¨we need to create a new structure to meet these function from outside the IOC¨, ¨let another organization take this role.¨ Colleagues will probably also say that there are ...
... To move forward we hear many voices say: ¨we need a convention¨, ¨we need an implementation agreement for the Law of the Sea¨, ¨we need to create a new structure to meet these function from outside the IOC¨, ¨let another organization take this role.¨ Colleagues will probably also say that there are ...
Document
... processes that remove dissolved silica (silicit acid) from the seas. Among these processes are: adsorption on river sediments as they cncountcr marine electrolytes; settling of diatoms and Radiolaria to the sea floor without resolution; uptake by sponges; reaction with clay minerals in the ocean or ...
... processes that remove dissolved silica (silicit acid) from the seas. Among these processes are: adsorption on river sediments as they cncountcr marine electrolytes; settling of diatoms and Radiolaria to the sea floor without resolution; uptake by sponges; reaction with clay minerals in the ocean or ...
Temperature Inversions in the Subarctic North Pacific
... Recently, Ueno and Yasuda (2000) used a climatological hydrographic dataset [World Ocean Atlas 1994 (WOA94); Levitus and Boyer 1994; Levitus et al. 1994] to examine the distribution and formation of temperature inversions over the entire subarctic North Pacific. They found temperature inversions nor ...
... Recently, Ueno and Yasuda (2000) used a climatological hydrographic dataset [World Ocean Atlas 1994 (WOA94); Levitus and Boyer 1994; Levitus et al. 1994] to examine the distribution and formation of temperature inversions over the entire subarctic North Pacific. They found temperature inversions nor ...
Collision of continental corner from 3
... lithospheric mantle. This weak zone has a ‘wet olivine’ rheology in contrast to the ‘dry olivine’ rheology elsewhere in both the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle. The rheological properties of hydrated and partially molten crustal and mantle rocks are shown in Tables S2 and S3. The top surface ...
... lithospheric mantle. This weak zone has a ‘wet olivine’ rheology in contrast to the ‘dry olivine’ rheology elsewhere in both the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle. The rheological properties of hydrated and partially molten crustal and mantle rocks are shown in Tables S2 and S3. The top surface ...
Summary Report of the first training workshop
... organisms and coral reef ecosystems. He highlighted the unique role of WESTPAC in bringing together marine scientific communities, and catalysing multi-disciplinary cooperation among its Member States in the research and monitoring of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification on ocean ecosystems ...
... organisms and coral reef ecosystems. He highlighted the unique role of WESTPAC in bringing together marine scientific communities, and catalysing multi-disciplinary cooperation among its Member States in the research and monitoring of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification on ocean ecosystems ...
QUESTION: Review
... Open ocean systems vary in biodiversity • Microscopic phytoplankton constitute the base of the marine food chain in the pelagic zone - Algae, protists, and cyanobacteria • These organisms feed zooplankton - Which then feeds fish, jellyfish, whales, etc. • Predators at higher trophic levels include ...
... Open ocean systems vary in biodiversity • Microscopic phytoplankton constitute the base of the marine food chain in the pelagic zone - Algae, protists, and cyanobacteria • These organisms feed zooplankton - Which then feeds fish, jellyfish, whales, etc. • Predators at higher trophic levels include ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.