- erc
... • Tsunamis are characterized as shallow-water waves due to their long periods and wavelengths. • A wind-generated wave might have a period of ten seconds and a wavelength of 150 meters, but it is possible for a tsunami to have a wavelength more than 100 kilometers and a period on the order of one ho ...
... • Tsunamis are characterized as shallow-water waves due to their long periods and wavelengths. • A wind-generated wave might have a period of ten seconds and a wavelength of 150 meters, but it is possible for a tsunami to have a wavelength more than 100 kilometers and a period on the order of one ho ...
A new view on karst genesis
... fractures. Such small conduits and caverns are often found while performing exploratory drilling when drilling equipment dropdown and loss of drilling fluid occurs. Solution forms also include primary vadose caves with blind vertical conduits (Fig. 3a) which are largely present mainly on karst plate ...
... fractures. Such small conduits and caverns are often found while performing exploratory drilling when drilling equipment dropdown and loss of drilling fluid occurs. Solution forms also include primary vadose caves with blind vertical conduits (Fig. 3a) which are largely present mainly on karst plate ...
National ocean policy: the basic texts from
... include waters off Victoria, Tasmania, southern New South Wales and eastern South Australia. Australia’s Oceans Policy establishes a series of arrangements for implementation, including: • a National Oceans Ministerial Board of key Commonwealth Ministers, chaired by the Minister for the Environment a ...
... include waters off Victoria, Tasmania, southern New South Wales and eastern South Australia. Australia’s Oceans Policy establishes a series of arrangements for implementation, including: • a National Oceans Ministerial Board of key Commonwealth Ministers, chaired by the Minister for the Environment a ...
Full text PDF - Geochemical Perspectives
... In reading the pages that follow, Bob Berner’s influence on us, and on this story, will become abundantly obvious. Indeed, without Bob’s inspiration and guidance, this story would be unwritten.” Rob Raiswell and Don Canfield ...
... In reading the pages that follow, Bob Berner’s influence on us, and on this story, will become abundantly obvious. Indeed, without Bob’s inspiration and guidance, this story would be unwritten.” Rob Raiswell and Don Canfield ...
The sub-thermocline duct. - Naval Postgraduate School
... grouped together in Table V since the descriptive portion of the table applies equally to ducts in each of these categories, regardless of magnitude. It is of interest in duct analysis to break down each ...
... grouped together in Table V since the descriptive portion of the table applies equally to ducts in each of these categories, regardless of magnitude. It is of interest in duct analysis to break down each ...
NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Plan
... Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA/OAR. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recomm ...
... Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA/OAR. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recomm ...
New perspectives in benthic deep-sea microbial ecology
... microbial biomass and between 10 and 30% of the Earth’s total living biomass (Whitman et al., 1998). In recent years, a much wider portion of the seafloor has been sampled to investigate deep-sea microbes. The analysis of these samples has revealed that at least 2.9 × 1029 prokaryotes inhabit the fi ...
... microbial biomass and between 10 and 30% of the Earth’s total living biomass (Whitman et al., 1998). In recent years, a much wider portion of the seafloor has been sampled to investigate deep-sea microbes. The analysis of these samples has revealed that at least 2.9 × 1029 prokaryotes inhabit the fi ...
Nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton development along an
... from the processes in the coastal zone. The dynamic interplay between the two ecosystems and the intense process rates operating at their transition, therefore, strongly supports our continuum approach. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... from the processes in the coastal zone. The dynamic interplay between the two ecosystems and the intense process rates operating at their transition, therefore, strongly supports our continuum approach. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato
... (Penedos de São Pedro). Studying its biology and zoology, I observed that actually these islets do not have a carbonate platform, but there are some species of corals and green algae that live in the Caribbean Sea. The absence of a carbonate platform is probably due to the continuous uplift of the i ...
... (Penedos de São Pedro). Studying its biology and zoology, I observed that actually these islets do not have a carbonate platform, but there are some species of corals and green algae that live in the Caribbean Sea. The absence of a carbonate platform is probably due to the continuous uplift of the i ...
"Marine Biology Honors" as a life science requisite
... Understands how the earth’s water is processed through the water cycle and the role of the water cycle in geological and meteorological processes. Understands water as a solvent, its role in earth’s processes (e.g., freezing point/density of salt vs. fresh water, dependency of life on dissolved oxyg ...
... Understands how the earth’s water is processed through the water cycle and the role of the water cycle in geological and meteorological processes. Understands water as a solvent, its role in earth’s processes (e.g., freezing point/density of salt vs. fresh water, dependency of life on dissolved oxyg ...
A new model of lunar crust: asymmetry in crustal composition... Tomoko Arai , Hiroshi Takeda , Akira Yamaguchi
... model” and the “serial magmatism model”, assuming a thin surface magma ocean plus an underlying convective crystalline mush, called “magmasphere” (Warren, 1985). These models were once considered to have an advantage in the thermal aspect, since the Moon can be mostly differentiated by the magmasphe ...
... model” and the “serial magmatism model”, assuming a thin surface magma ocean plus an underlying convective crystalline mush, called “magmasphere” (Warren, 1985). These models were once considered to have an advantage in the thermal aspect, since the Moon can be mostly differentiated by the magmasphe ...
The fate of fluids released from subducting slab in
... are carried into the mantle by subducting slabs (e.g. Peacock, 1990). The expelled fluids are inferred to rise, hydrate, and serpentinize the forearc mantle peridotite. However, we recognize that low velocities in the mantle wedge can also be attributed to (1) presence of chlorite with antigorite, ( ...
... are carried into the mantle by subducting slabs (e.g. Peacock, 1990). The expelled fluids are inferred to rise, hydrate, and serpentinize the forearc mantle peridotite. However, we recognize that low velocities in the mantle wedge can also be attributed to (1) presence of chlorite with antigorite, ( ...
ohrlls unesco un-doalos - Sustainable Development Knowledge
... Dr. Morrell, speaking on the on regional SIDS oceans policy as it relates to marine science and technology, recalled the high importance that Pacific SIDS place on oceans and its resources. He underscored the value of marine resources to Pacific SIDS in terms of economic value and support for liveli ...
... Dr. Morrell, speaking on the on regional SIDS oceans policy as it relates to marine science and technology, recalled the high importance that Pacific SIDS place on oceans and its resources. He underscored the value of marine resources to Pacific SIDS in terms of economic value and support for liveli ...
The lithosphere under stress
... figure 1a for mature oceanic lithosphere. Using Parsons & McKenzie’s (1978) terminology, the mechanical boundary layer maintains a conductive thermal gradient and is mechanically isolated from the underlying well-stirred asthenosphere, while the thermal boundary layer of small-scale convection can b ...
... figure 1a for mature oceanic lithosphere. Using Parsons & McKenzie’s (1978) terminology, the mechanical boundary layer maintains a conductive thermal gradient and is mechanically isolated from the underlying well-stirred asthenosphere, while the thermal boundary layer of small-scale convection can b ...
Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large
... intersection of Vogt’s [22,23] long list (117), a modification of Burke and Wilson’s [1] original list, and five more recently published shorter lists [2,21,28–30]. Many of the primary hotspots have been active over the past 1 Myr [31], and comparisons with a compilation of active Holocene volcanoes ...
... intersection of Vogt’s [22,23] long list (117), a modification of Burke and Wilson’s [1] original list, and five more recently published shorter lists [2,21,28–30]. Many of the primary hotspots have been active over the past 1 Myr [31], and comparisons with a compilation of active Holocene volcanoes ...
Stable Isotope Methods for the Study of the Nitrogen Cycle
... fine-tuning and careful attention to leaks in order to process samples containing less than a few micromoles of nitrogen. In practice, open ocean samples including suspended particles, small zooplankton, and sinking organic matter are often available only in µmole or sub-µmole quantities. These low ...
... fine-tuning and careful attention to leaks in order to process samples containing less than a few micromoles of nitrogen. In practice, open ocean samples including suspended particles, small zooplankton, and sinking organic matter are often available only in µmole or sub-µmole quantities. These low ...
Key Drivers of Seasonal Plankton Dynamics in Cyclonic and
... Mesoscale eddies in the south west Pacific region are prominent ocean features that represent distinctive environments for phytoplankton. Here, we examine the seasonal plankton dynamics associated with averaged cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (CE and ACE, respectively) off eastern Australia. We do ...
... Mesoscale eddies in the south west Pacific region are prominent ocean features that represent distinctive environments for phytoplankton. Here, we examine the seasonal plankton dynamics associated with averaged cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (CE and ACE, respectively) off eastern Australia. We do ...
Changes in optical characteristics of surface
... extending along the coast off Peru between 4◦ and about 40◦ south, is among the most productive marine ecosystems worldwide (Capone and Hutchins, 2013; Chavez and Messié, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 1983) and it is characterized by high biological activity, involving high export rates of organic carbon ...
... extending along the coast off Peru between 4◦ and about 40◦ south, is among the most productive marine ecosystems worldwide (Capone and Hutchins, 2013; Chavez and Messié, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 1983) and it is characterized by high biological activity, involving high export rates of organic carbon ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Do Not Cite
... organisms is defined by their specialization on specific, limited temperature ranges and accordingly, by their thermal sensitivity (high confidence). Temperature defines the geographical distribution of species and their responses to climate change (medium confidence). Temperature extremes act throu ...
... organisms is defined by their specialization on specific, limited temperature ranges and accordingly, by their thermal sensitivity (high confidence). Temperature defines the geographical distribution of species and their responses to climate change (medium confidence). Temperature extremes act throu ...
Chapter 5. The Eclogite Engine
... mantle in order to satisfY any mass balance constraints. The recycling rate of lower crustal cumulates (arclogites) implies that about half of the continental crust is recycled every 0.6 to 2.5 billion years. In contrast to oceanic crust one can make a case that eroded and delaminated continental ma ...
... mantle in order to satisfY any mass balance constraints. The recycling rate of lower crustal cumulates (arclogites) implies that about half of the continental crust is recycled every 0.6 to 2.5 billion years. In contrast to oceanic crust one can make a case that eroded and delaminated continental ma ...
PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF ACEH TSUNAMI
... be less than few feet high level at the surface, but the wave height is increasing rapidly in the sallow water of the coastal area. The tsunami energy extends from the surface to the bottom of the deepest water. In the deep oeean. a destructive tsunami can be small -often for only few feet or less i ...
... be less than few feet high level at the surface, but the wave height is increasing rapidly in the sallow water of the coastal area. The tsunami energy extends from the surface to the bottom of the deepest water. In the deep oeean. a destructive tsunami can be small -often for only few feet or less i ...
An Iceland hotspot saga
... the large difference in viscosity of the different mantle layers. The asthenosphere, a relatively thin shallow zone in the mantle (∼160 km thick on average in the depth range 80–220 km), decouples the plates from the rest of the upper mantle. It is approximately 10 times less viscous than the upper ...
... the large difference in viscosity of the different mantle layers. The asthenosphere, a relatively thin shallow zone in the mantle (∼160 km thick on average in the depth range 80–220 km), decouples the plates from the rest of the upper mantle. It is approximately 10 times less viscous than the upper ...
Cover - IMBER
... Monday: Poster session for the Workshops, from 13:00 -‐ 14:00 ......................................... 14 Tuesday: Poster session 1, from 17:30 – 20:00 .................................................................... 14 Wednes ...
... Monday: Poster session for the Workshops, from 13:00 -‐ 14:00 ......................................... 14 Tuesday: Poster session 1, from 17:30 – 20:00 .................................................................... 14 Wednes ...
Presentation Notes – fully editable, add your own notes! Lesson 1
... gape allows them to eat larger items than you might think possible. Slide 36. Webbed feet are well-suited for life at sea. Slide 37. Sailors of the Air Albatross can travel long distances without flapping their wings. They take advantage of wind generated just above the waves that allows them to ris ...
... gape allows them to eat larger items than you might think possible. Slide 36. Webbed feet are well-suited for life at sea. Slide 37. Sailors of the Air Albatross can travel long distances without flapping their wings. They take advantage of wind generated just above the waves that allows them to ris ...
Meganyctiphanes norvegica - ICES Journal of Marine Science
... in the daytime weighted mean depth (WMD) of krill, nor did it discriminate the behaviour of the dominant species in the GSL. Interspecific differences between T. raschii and M. norvegica WMD have long been observed in the GSL (Berkes, 1976). Recently, Plourde et al. (2014) identified in the LSLE–GSL ...
... in the daytime weighted mean depth (WMD) of krill, nor did it discriminate the behaviour of the dominant species in the GSL. Interspecific differences between T. raschii and M. norvegica WMD have long been observed in the GSL (Berkes, 1976). Recently, Plourde et al. (2014) identified in the LSLE–GSL ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.