Activation of CA3 neurons by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber
... Despite extensive studies in in vitro preparations, it is unclear whether and how discharges of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells shape spatial firing of CA3 neurons in behaving animals. To investigate effects of DG granule cell inputs on CA3 neural activity in vivo, we injected Credependent virus ca ...
... Despite extensive studies in in vitro preparations, it is unclear whether and how discharges of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells shape spatial firing of CA3 neurons in behaving animals. To investigate effects of DG granule cell inputs on CA3 neural activity in vivo, we injected Credependent virus ca ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... The data from the anterior callosotomy were used in 22 patients. In the remaining four patients who underwent the two-staged total callosotomy, intraoperative studies were performed at the second operation (posterior callosotomy). In all patients, the electrophysiological data were digitized at a sa ...
... The data from the anterior callosotomy were used in 22 patients. In the remaining four patients who underwent the two-staged total callosotomy, intraoperative studies were performed at the second operation (posterior callosotomy). In all patients, the electrophysiological data were digitized at a sa ...
Week 14 The Memory Function of Sleep
... the hippocampus.” Explain how “up-states” play a role here, and the excitatory phases of the spindle cycle. ...
... the hippocampus.” Explain how “up-states” play a role here, and the excitatory phases of the spindle cycle. ...
mspn4a
... c. What type of pathological event could have caused a lesion affecting this area, in which there exists, such a broad distribution of neuronal fibers? A cerebral vascular accident within the posterior limb of the internal capsule could bring about an ischemic infarct thus leading to the disruption ...
... c. What type of pathological event could have caused a lesion affecting this area, in which there exists, such a broad distribution of neuronal fibers? A cerebral vascular accident within the posterior limb of the internal capsule could bring about an ischemic infarct thus leading to the disruption ...
Action Potential: Resting State
... • A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential • EPSPs must _______________________ temporally or spatially to induce an action potential • Temporal summation – presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in _ ...
... • A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential • EPSPs must _______________________ temporally or spatially to induce an action potential • Temporal summation – presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in _ ...
Neural Basis of the Ventriloquist
... ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) Neurons use electrical potentials to communicate Multiple, aligned, synchronously-firing neurons produce enough voltage change to be read by electrodes on the scalp. ...
... ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) Neurons use electrical potentials to communicate Multiple, aligned, synchronously-firing neurons produce enough voltage change to be read by electrodes on the scalp. ...
Slide 1
... 1. Neurons are electrically active; They have a resting voltage, and can undergo electrical changes ...
... 1. Neurons are electrically active; They have a resting voltage, and can undergo electrical changes ...
GABA A Receptor
... 1. Neurotransmitter molecules are packaged into membranous vesicles, and the vesicles are concentrated and docked at the presynaptic terminal. 1. The presynaptic membrane depolarizes, usually as the result of an action potential. 1. The depolarization causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open and a ...
... 1. Neurotransmitter molecules are packaged into membranous vesicles, and the vesicles are concentrated and docked at the presynaptic terminal. 1. The presynaptic membrane depolarizes, usually as the result of an action potential. 1. The depolarization causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open and a ...
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
... neurotransmitter action on ionotropic receptors is hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane and the release of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), and excitatory neurotransmitter - its depolarization and release of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). The ability to generate action pote ...
... neurotransmitter action on ionotropic receptors is hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane and the release of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), and excitatory neurotransmitter - its depolarization and release of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). The ability to generate action pote ...
Slide 1
... •Significance of them not well understood - important in absence seizures, cognitive performance and regulation of amine release. ...
... •Significance of them not well understood - important in absence seizures, cognitive performance and regulation of amine release. ...
Lecture 38 (Rhythms)
... Most animals will die if kept from sleeping for too long All vertebrates sleep – evolution would have dropped sleep if it didn’t serve a useful function. ...
... Most animals will die if kept from sleeping for too long All vertebrates sleep – evolution would have dropped sleep if it didn’t serve a useful function. ...
Unit 3-2 Nervous System Pt 2 Notes File
... Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters •Two classifications: excitatory and inhibitory Excitatory neurotransmitters cause depolarizations (e.g., glutamate) Inhibitory neurotransmitters cause hyperpolarizations (e.g., GABA and glycine) •Some neurotransmitters have both excitatory and inhibito ...
... Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters •Two classifications: excitatory and inhibitory Excitatory neurotransmitters cause depolarizations (e.g., glutamate) Inhibitory neurotransmitters cause hyperpolarizations (e.g., GABA and glycine) •Some neurotransmitters have both excitatory and inhibito ...
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Identifying risk and
... SUDEP.10,19 The role of changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in seizure survivability is uncertain.20 Maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate mediated through the baroreflex may be altered in individuals with epilepsy during the interictal, nonseizure state, and also during blood pressure ch ...
... SUDEP.10,19 The role of changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in seizure survivability is uncertain.20 Maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate mediated through the baroreflex may be altered in individuals with epilepsy during the interictal, nonseizure state, and also during blood pressure ch ...
the summary and précis of the conference
... was recorded. Thus the responses to the same stimulus could be compared in two conditions, with visual attention inside or outside the neuron’s receptive field. At the same time, the local LFP was recorded from a nearby electrode. The correlations between single neurons and the neighboring populatio ...
... was recorded. Thus the responses to the same stimulus could be compared in two conditions, with visual attention inside or outside the neuron’s receptive field. At the same time, the local LFP was recorded from a nearby electrode. The correlations between single neurons and the neighboring populatio ...
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that
... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
Jürgen R. Schwarz
... adaptation. The current mediated by ether-à-go-go-related gene K+ channels (erg) is predominantly known as a cardiac current which takes part in repolarizing the heart action potential. However, erg channels have recently been shown to also modulate neuronal electrical activity. Further members of s ...
... adaptation. The current mediated by ether-à-go-go-related gene K+ channels (erg) is predominantly known as a cardiac current which takes part in repolarizing the heart action potential. However, erg channels have recently been shown to also modulate neuronal electrical activity. Further members of s ...
Case Study 55
... matter with predominantly small and irregularly shaped neurons admixed with increased numbers of atypical astrocytes and increased background vascularity. Within this region of cortex and adjacent white matter are multiple well-circumscribed glial nodules comprised of oligodendroglia-like cells with ...
... matter with predominantly small and irregularly shaped neurons admixed with increased numbers of atypical astrocytes and increased background vascularity. Within this region of cortex and adjacent white matter are multiple well-circumscribed glial nodules comprised of oligodendroglia-like cells with ...
2 - IS MU
... and synaptic vesicles between perikaryon and synaptic terminals. Myelin sheaths are wrapped about most axons, segmentation of sheaths by nodes of Ranvier enables the rapid saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. ...
... and synaptic vesicles between perikaryon and synaptic terminals. Myelin sheaths are wrapped about most axons, segmentation of sheaths by nodes of Ranvier enables the rapid saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. ...
phys chapter 45 [10-24
... membranes thin and partially permeable to K+ and Cl-, making them leaky to electric current (decremental conduction); the farther the excitatory synapse from the soma, the greater the decrement Excitatory state of neuron – summated degree of excitatory drive to that neuron; when excitatory state o ...
... membranes thin and partially permeable to K+ and Cl-, making them leaky to electric current (decremental conduction); the farther the excitatory synapse from the soma, the greater the decrement Excitatory state of neuron – summated degree of excitatory drive to that neuron; when excitatory state o ...
The Importance of the Nervous System
... • Ca2+ ions actively pumped out of neurons • action potential in presynaptic neuron causes calcium channels to open • Ca2+ ions flow in and cause synaptic vesicles to fuse with plasma membrane ...
... • Ca2+ ions actively pumped out of neurons • action potential in presynaptic neuron causes calcium channels to open • Ca2+ ions flow in and cause synaptic vesicles to fuse with plasma membrane ...
NervousSystem3
... all efferent output is due to input, if all input were erased, presumably all output would be lost. The animal would probably not die; for the heart would continue to beat and other functions of smooth muscle and gland would not be lost. These autonomic effectors would lose their neural regulation b ...
... all efferent output is due to input, if all input were erased, presumably all output would be lost. The animal would probably not die; for the heart would continue to beat and other functions of smooth muscle and gland would not be lost. These autonomic effectors would lose their neural regulation b ...
Does History Repeat Itself? The case of cortical columns
... ‘…while it is more useful (and probably more correct anatomically) to retain the concept of a ‘field’ as used by older workers ..it should nevertheless be recognised that a field thus conceived displays consistent changes in structural detail which must be considered ….architectonic characteristics ...
... ‘…while it is more useful (and probably more correct anatomically) to retain the concept of a ‘field’ as used by older workers ..it should nevertheless be recognised that a field thus conceived displays consistent changes in structural detail which must be considered ….architectonic characteristics ...
Document
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: ...
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: ...
Abstract View OPTICAL RECORDING OF THE TRITONIA SWIMMING CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATOR. ;
... during fictive swimming. Candidate central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons were identified by their bursting patterns and positions in the brain. Previously identifed populations of interneurons were imaged, including the dorsal swim interneurons (DSI), C2, and ventral swim interneurons (VSI). ...
... during fictive swimming. Candidate central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons were identified by their bursting patterns and positions in the brain. Previously identifed populations of interneurons were imaged, including the dorsal swim interneurons (DSI), C2, and ventral swim interneurons (VSI). ...
Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is the term that describes a particular pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures. A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex, the thalamocortical network, and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms. The first spike-and-wave pattern was recorded in the early twentieth century by Hans Berger. Many aspects of the pattern are still being researched and discovered, and still many aspects are uncertain. The spike-and-wave pattern is most commonly researched in absence epilepsy, but is common in several epilepsies such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Ohtahara syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed to treat epileptic seizures, and new ones are being discovered with less adverse effects. Today, most of the research is focused on the origin of the generalized bilateral spike-and-wave discharge. One proposal suggests that a thalamocortical (TC) loop is involved in the initiation spike-and-wave oscillations. Although there are several theories, the use of animal models has provided new insight on spike-and-wave discharge in humans.