A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... soma as an object approximately spherical having a diameter less than 70µm that may or may not release an electrical signal which propagates along the axon towards the other neurons. The axon is presented as a long protuberance with a diameter of few µm and it is connected to the dendrites of one or ...
... soma as an object approximately spherical having a diameter less than 70µm that may or may not release an electrical signal which propagates along the axon towards the other neurons. The axon is presented as a long protuberance with a diameter of few µm and it is connected to the dendrites of one or ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Comparison of traces showing firing in response to cortical stimulation and firing in response to current injection, such as those shown in Fig. 3, B and D , indicated that the differences in threshold were related to the voltage trajectory immediately before action-potential firing. The voltage tra ...
... Comparison of traces showing firing in response to cortical stimulation and firing in response to current injection, such as those shown in Fig. 3, B and D , indicated that the differences in threshold were related to the voltage trajectory immediately before action-potential firing. The voltage tra ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from a hyperpolarized DOWN state to a depolarized UP state appear to be necessary for action-potential firing in striatal neurons (Wilson and Groves 1981; Wilson and Kawaguchi 1996). Sev ...
... population of silent spiny neurons in awake behaving animals (Kiyatkin and Rebec 1996). Membrane potential shifts from a hyperpolarized DOWN state to a depolarized UP state appear to be necessary for action-potential firing in striatal neurons (Wilson and Groves 1981; Wilson and Kawaguchi 1996). Sev ...
7 Ghrelin signalling
... compounds that caused the immediate secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary. These compounds were developed as potential medicaments aiming to restore body growth (by boosting the production of GH). The orphan receptor, lacking a physiological ligand, ...
... compounds that caused the immediate secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary. These compounds were developed as potential medicaments aiming to restore body growth (by boosting the production of GH). The orphan receptor, lacking a physiological ligand, ...
Synaptic Specificity in Frog Sympathetic Ganglia During
... was pulled ventrally to expose the sympathetic trunk and spinal nerves. The principal landmark used to determine the proper site for lesion was the sciatic plexus, composed of nerves 8-l 0. The lesion sites for various experiments are detailed in the appropriate sections ofResults. For crush lesions ...
... was pulled ventrally to expose the sympathetic trunk and spinal nerves. The principal landmark used to determine the proper site for lesion was the sciatic plexus, composed of nerves 8-l 0. The lesion sites for various experiments are detailed in the appropriate sections ofResults. For crush lesions ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... The neuromelanin is formed by the polymerization of noradrenaline and is analogous to the black dopamine-based neuromelanin in the substantia nigra. In adult humans (19-78) the locus coeruleus has 22,000 to 51,000 total pigmented neurons that range in size between 31,000 to 60, 000 μm3.[4] ...
... The neuromelanin is formed by the polymerization of noradrenaline and is analogous to the black dopamine-based neuromelanin in the substantia nigra. In adult humans (19-78) the locus coeruleus has 22,000 to 51,000 total pigmented neurons that range in size between 31,000 to 60, 000 μm3.[4] ...
A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... states that whenever the motivation is the same, a defined set of stimuli will always release a specific motor response. Lorentz was the first to propose this concept in a 1935 German paper but not until 1948 and 1951 did Tinbergen introduce this concept to the English speaking world. The region of ...
... states that whenever the motivation is the same, a defined set of stimuli will always release a specific motor response. Lorentz was the first to propose this concept in a 1935 German paper but not until 1948 and 1951 did Tinbergen introduce this concept to the English speaking world. The region of ...
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons Burst with Theta during
... shown). A corresponding theta peak was evident on the EEG spectra in these regions (Fig. 3F ). The rhythmic burst discharge and cross-correlated theta activity were less consistently evident during active waking epochs than during PS epochs because of the transient appearance of theta activity, whic ...
... shown). A corresponding theta peak was evident on the EEG spectra in these regions (Fig. 3F ). The rhythmic burst discharge and cross-correlated theta activity were less consistently evident during active waking epochs than during PS epochs because of the transient appearance of theta activity, whic ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... mPFC fibers was detected at several downstream regions including NAcc and BLA. Using whole cell recordings in NAcc, the authors found that optogenetic activation of mPFC ChR2-containing terminals in NAcc elicited inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in NAcc neurons. Blocking GABAA, but not gluta ...
... mPFC fibers was detected at several downstream regions including NAcc and BLA. Using whole cell recordings in NAcc, the authors found that optogenetic activation of mPFC ChR2-containing terminals in NAcc elicited inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in NAcc neurons. Blocking GABAA, but not gluta ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... layers of the colliculus, and DA neurons, are unresponsive to visual events. Visual sensitivity can be restored to both collicular5,57 and DA neurons5 by a local disinhibitory injection of a GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) blocker into the superior colliculus (FIG. 2b). Comparable disinhibition of the vi ...
... layers of the colliculus, and DA neurons, are unresponsive to visual events. Visual sensitivity can be restored to both collicular5,57 and DA neurons5 by a local disinhibitory injection of a GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) blocker into the superior colliculus (FIG. 2b). Comparable disinhibition of the vi ...
File
... • Midbrain – most superior part of brain stem – Sensory and motor impulses – Vision, hearing, motor, temperature, sleep cycle ...
... • Midbrain – most superior part of brain stem – Sensory and motor impulses – Vision, hearing, motor, temperature, sleep cycle ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... has been the demonstration that certain neurotrophic factors can also promote neuronal death. In addition, several members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of ligands activate cell death mechanisms in developing neurons and play a role in regulating neuron number during development. I ...
... has been the demonstration that certain neurotrophic factors can also promote neuronal death. In addition, several members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of ligands activate cell death mechanisms in developing neurons and play a role in regulating neuron number during development. I ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... Wilson, 2002). This is not the physical volume of the axonal arborisation, but rather the volume of tissue in which it can potentially make contacts. The best analogy to describe this is the volume enclosed by a net thrown over the branches of a tree. The total volume of the branches themselves is n ...
... Wilson, 2002). This is not the physical volume of the axonal arborisation, but rather the volume of tissue in which it can potentially make contacts. The best analogy to describe this is the volume enclosed by a net thrown over the branches of a tree. The total volume of the branches themselves is n ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... basal forebrain (BF) (Peyron et al. 1998). Because of these projections to neuronal populations implicated in wakefulness, it is believed that orexin promotes wakefulness (Peyron et al. 1998). Our group recently began to map the distribution of the hypocretin receptor protein in the dorsolateral pon ...
... basal forebrain (BF) (Peyron et al. 1998). Because of these projections to neuronal populations implicated in wakefulness, it is believed that orexin promotes wakefulness (Peyron et al. 1998). Our group recently began to map the distribution of the hypocretin receptor protein in the dorsolateral pon ...
Neuronal Migration and Ventral Subtype Identity in the
... ability to bind to specific DNA sequences via their HMG box domains [21–24]. There are 20 Sox genes in mammals, and at least half are expressed in the developing nervous system [20,24]; however, their role in neural development is poorly understood. SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3 constitute the SOXB1 subfamily ...
... ability to bind to specific DNA sequences via their HMG box domains [21–24]. There are 20 Sox genes in mammals, and at least half are expressed in the developing nervous system [20,24]; however, their role in neural development is poorly understood. SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3 constitute the SOXB1 subfamily ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
The Role of Dorsal Columns Pathway in Visceral Pain
... visceral allodynia and hyperalgesia are present. It also relates to the clinical situation of visceral pain of cancer origin, under which the limited midline myelotomy was tested, where local tissue inflammation of affected visceral organs is likely. Our results and the evidence from other laborator ...
... visceral allodynia and hyperalgesia are present. It also relates to the clinical situation of visceral pain of cancer origin, under which the limited midline myelotomy was tested, where local tissue inflammation of affected visceral organs is likely. Our results and the evidence from other laborator ...
Untitled
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is predominantly released by local interneurons in the cerebral cortex to particular subcellular domains of the target cells. This suggests that compartmentalized, synapse specific action of GABA is required in cortical networks for phasic inhibition. However, GABA rel ...
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is predominantly released by local interneurons in the cerebral cortex to particular subcellular domains of the target cells. This suggests that compartmentalized, synapse specific action of GABA is required in cortical networks for phasic inhibition. However, GABA rel ...
Slide 1
... – The same stimulus can result in different responses under similar conditions and in different individuals (soldiers, athlete, etc.) April 29, 2009 ...
... – The same stimulus can result in different responses under similar conditions and in different individuals (soldiers, athlete, etc.) April 29, 2009 ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... provide oscillatory timing for the principal cells and that this function should be preserved in different animals – that is, independent of the brain size. How should the network be wired? Because synchronization requires a minimum connectedness, one possibility is to keep a given fractional connec ...
... provide oscillatory timing for the principal cells and that this function should be preserved in different animals – that is, independent of the brain size. How should the network be wired? Because synchronization requires a minimum connectedness, one possibility is to keep a given fractional connec ...
EEG - Wayne State University
... a. Pachymeninges (dura) i. Forms potential spaces: epidural and subdural ii. Forms dural folds: tentorium (btw cerebrum/cerebellum) and falx (btw cerebral hemispheres) b. Leptomeninges (arachnoid/pia) i. Forms potential spaces: subarachnoid (w/ CSF) and intraparenchymal 3. CSF production and circula ...
... a. Pachymeninges (dura) i. Forms potential spaces: epidural and subdural ii. Forms dural folds: tentorium (btw cerebrum/cerebellum) and falx (btw cerebral hemispheres) b. Leptomeninges (arachnoid/pia) i. Forms potential spaces: subarachnoid (w/ CSF) and intraparenchymal 3. CSF production and circula ...