Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... et al., 1999; McAlonan and Brown, 2003; Schoenbaum et al., 2003). Together, these studies indicate that, apart from changes in the ‘traditional’ reward circuit of the brain, psychostimulant drugs also produce alterations in other areas associated with higher-order associative learning and/or respons ...
... et al., 1999; McAlonan and Brown, 2003; Schoenbaum et al., 2003). Together, these studies indicate that, apart from changes in the ‘traditional’ reward circuit of the brain, psychostimulant drugs also produce alterations in other areas associated with higher-order associative learning and/or respons ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... et al., 1999; McAlonan and Brown, 2003; Schoenbaum et al., 2003). Together, these studies indicate that, apart from changes in the ‘traditional’ reward circuit of the brain, psychostimulant drugs also produce alterations in other areas associated with higher-order associative learning and/or respons ...
... et al., 1999; McAlonan and Brown, 2003; Schoenbaum et al., 2003). Together, these studies indicate that, apart from changes in the ‘traditional’ reward circuit of the brain, psychostimulant drugs also produce alterations in other areas associated with higher-order associative learning and/or respons ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... activation of LC neurons is unknown. Moreover, given the apparent absence of mRNA for CRH receptors in LC neurons, the exact location of action of CRH within the cerulear region is debated. Using in vitro intracellular recordings from rat brainstem, we examined whether CRH exerts a direct effect on ...
... activation of LC neurons is unknown. Moreover, given the apparent absence of mRNA for CRH receptors in LC neurons, the exact location of action of CRH within the cerulear region is debated. Using in vitro intracellular recordings from rat brainstem, we examined whether CRH exerts a direct effect on ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Among many objects, one is chosen at a time based on visual information, and gaze is oriented to it (with a saccadic eye move ...
... a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Among many objects, one is chosen at a time based on visual information, and gaze is oriented to it (with a saccadic eye move ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements of the arm and hand were organized across the cortex in a rough topographic map. Stimulation o ...
... study. First, stimulation of each site caused the relevant joints to move in a goal-directed fashion into a specific final posture regardless of the initial posture. Second, the stimulationevoked movements of the arm and hand were organized across the cortex in a rough topographic map. Stimulation o ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
Chapter_013
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the ...
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
Chapter_013
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the subarachnoid space ...
... Some fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through openings in its roof into the cisterna magna, a space that is continuous with the subarachnoid space ...
Edward Jones
... practical, and oral—covering all of the material at the end. It was very demanding in the amount of learning required, and I doubt that any modern medical student would handle it without complaint. Most of us did handle it, but it was still possible to fail and be dismissed from the School. The Anat ...
... practical, and oral—covering all of the material at the end. It was very demanding in the amount of learning required, and I doubt that any modern medical student would handle it without complaint. Most of us did handle it, but it was still possible to fail and be dismissed from the School. The Anat ...
The Location of Extrinsic Afferent and Efferent Neurons Innervating
... rather than projecting directly to the gut. It is not known if these ganglia exist in the rat. In the dog they could not be identified at dissection, and were only recognised at light microscopic level by the presence of labelled cells. Further retrograde labelling studies are required to explore th ...
... rather than projecting directly to the gut. It is not known if these ganglia exist in the rat. In the dog they could not be identified at dissection, and were only recognised at light microscopic level by the presence of labelled cells. Further retrograde labelling studies are required to explore th ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... neocortex, pineal, and hippocampus (Wong and Fritze, 1969; Donaldson et al., 1973; Frederickson et al., 1982), contains considerable amounts of Zn. While Zn is likely a cofactor in myriad metabolic processes(Vallee, 1959), histochemicalmethods have revealed foci of chelatableZn (Danscher et al., 198 ...
... neocortex, pineal, and hippocampus (Wong and Fritze, 1969; Donaldson et al., 1973; Frederickson et al., 1982), contains considerable amounts of Zn. While Zn is likely a cofactor in myriad metabolic processes(Vallee, 1959), histochemicalmethods have revealed foci of chelatableZn (Danscher et al., 198 ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... (Nakanishi et al. 1987; Overton and Greenfield 1995). But it is not known whether plateau potentials can be triggered by synaptic potentials. In the present study, we therefore tested whether activation of excitatory synaptic inputs to STN neurons can trigger a plateau potential and if so, how the p ...
... (Nakanishi et al. 1987; Overton and Greenfield 1995). But it is not known whether plateau potentials can be triggered by synaptic potentials. In the present study, we therefore tested whether activation of excitatory synaptic inputs to STN neurons can trigger a plateau potential and if so, how the p ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... pyramidal neurons, whereas layer II also contains large excitatory SCs in mEC and “fan cells” with similar morphology in lEC (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Alonso and Klink, 1993; Klink and Alonso, 1993; Jones, 1994; Dickson et al., 1997). SCs in mEC can be distinguished electrophysiologically due to the ...
... pyramidal neurons, whereas layer II also contains large excitatory SCs in mEC and “fan cells” with similar morphology in lEC (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Alonso and Klink, 1993; Klink and Alonso, 1993; Jones, 1994; Dickson et al., 1997). SCs in mEC can be distinguished electrophysiologically due to the ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... experiences, i.e. the rules and knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our interactions with others and the environment, are used as a substrate in order to understand and perceive an observed action (Decety and Ingvar, 1990). This striking property of our perceptual system is also respons ...
... experiences, i.e. the rules and knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our interactions with others and the environment, are used as a substrate in order to understand and perceive an observed action (Decety and Ingvar, 1990). This striking property of our perceptual system is also respons ...
2. Aim of the thesis
... were performed on cDNA templates derived from the complete Lymnaea CNS and from well-characterized VD4, RPed1 or LPeD1 neurons. In total twelve partial cDNA sequences with sequence similarity to nAChR subunits were identified and were named LnAChR A - L. Full length sequence information was obtained ...
... were performed on cDNA templates derived from the complete Lymnaea CNS and from well-characterized VD4, RPed1 or LPeD1 neurons. In total twelve partial cDNA sequences with sequence similarity to nAChR subunits were identified and were named LnAChR A - L. Full length sequence information was obtained ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIN), which provides a major auditory projection to the superior colliculus. We measured the spectral processing underlying audi ...
... understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (BIN), which provides a major auditory projection to the superior colliculus. We measured the spectral processing underlying audi ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... Materials and Methods Subjects. Two female adult rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) weighing 6.0 and 7.5 kg were used in this study. Using previously described methods (Miller et al., 1993), they were implanted with recording hardware. Eye movements were monitored and stored using an infrared eye trac ...
... Materials and Methods Subjects. Two female adult rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) weighing 6.0 and 7.5 kg were used in this study. Using previously described methods (Miller et al., 1993), they were implanted with recording hardware. Eye movements were monitored and stored using an infrared eye trac ...
Vision`s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid Lateral geniculate nucleus ...
... Gamma-aminobutyric acid Lateral geniculate nucleus ...
Noise in Neurons and Other Constraints
... fluctuations and provides an effective all-or- none response signal which is therefore thought to be noise free. How can we know what constitutes noise when recording signals from the brain? For instance, neuronal membrane potential shows small variations even at rest, even if synaptic inputs are ph ...
... fluctuations and provides an effective all-or- none response signal which is therefore thought to be noise free. How can we know what constitutes noise when recording signals from the brain? For instance, neuronal membrane potential shows small variations even at rest, even if synaptic inputs are ph ...
