Analysis of Local and Wide-Field Movements in the Superior
... paper concentrates on directionally selective cells responding to straight movements in the frontoparallel plane. To study the response properties of these cells, two types of white light patterns were independently backprojected on the screen from two projectors, each ofwhich was equipped with a mo ...
... paper concentrates on directionally selective cells responding to straight movements in the frontoparallel plane. To study the response properties of these cells, two types of white light patterns were independently backprojected on the screen from two projectors, each ofwhich was equipped with a mo ...
Warren S. McCulloch: Why the Mind Is in the Head
... nervous impulse, with the brevity of latent addition, with the duration of synaptic delay, with the evidence for spatial summation and for inhibition at a synapse, and with the local origin of energy from metabolism, all of which together insure that the principal circuit actions of the nervous syst ...
... nervous impulse, with the brevity of latent addition, with the duration of synaptic delay, with the evidence for spatial summation and for inhibition at a synapse, and with the local origin of energy from metabolism, all of which together insure that the principal circuit actions of the nervous syst ...
Opposite rheological properties of neuronal microcompartments
... of the lung and trachea3. Compartmentalization is also prominent in neuronal function: neurons possess cablelike microcompartments (dendrites and axons) that propagate information in the form of action potentials, whereas the neuronal body microcompartment (soma) houses most of the genetic content a ...
... of the lung and trachea3. Compartmentalization is also prominent in neuronal function: neurons possess cablelike microcompartments (dendrites and axons) that propagate information in the form of action potentials, whereas the neuronal body microcompartment (soma) houses most of the genetic content a ...
Neurons
... potential, or neural impulse. The action potential shoots down the entire length of the axon as a wave of changing electrical charges. We refer to this action as a “firing” of the neuron, or as a spike (see Figure 2.2). Once an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it causes the release of ne ...
... potential, or neural impulse. The action potential shoots down the entire length of the axon as a wave of changing electrical charges. We refer to this action as a “firing” of the neuron, or as a spike (see Figure 2.2). Once an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it causes the release of ne ...
Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I
... Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons) Nonexcitable (supporting) cells Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system Endoneurium Perineurium in peripheral nervous system Epineurium Epithelium found only in blood vessels of PNS Muscle (smooth) ...
... Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons) Nonexcitable (supporting) cells Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system Endoneurium Perineurium in peripheral nervous system Epineurium Epithelium found only in blood vessels of PNS Muscle (smooth) ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
... radial glial cells (RGCs). These span the entire cortical plate, contacting the marginal and ventricular zones. RGCs retain the potential to self-renew to increase their pool, while their asymmetric divisions produce premature neurons and intermediate progenitors. In the subventricular zone, each in ...
... radial glial cells (RGCs). These span the entire cortical plate, contacting the marginal and ventricular zones. RGCs retain the potential to self-renew to increase their pool, while their asymmetric divisions produce premature neurons and intermediate progenitors. In the subventricular zone, each in ...
Poster Example
... physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia from neuronal cultures. The first culture, the control, consisted of a mixture of plated neurons and glia. The sec ...
... physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia from neuronal cultures. The first culture, the control, consisted of a mixture of plated neurons and glia. The sec ...
Протокол
... two olfactory bulbs and modulate the input from the contralateral side. The lateral olfactory stria consists of fibers that project directly to the olfactory cortex, which is located on the medial portion of the ventral surface of the brain and consists of the olfactory tubercle, pyriform cortex, am ...
... two olfactory bulbs and modulate the input from the contralateral side. The lateral olfactory stria consists of fibers that project directly to the olfactory cortex, which is located on the medial portion of the ventral surface of the brain and consists of the olfactory tubercle, pyriform cortex, am ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... receptor neurons in the auditory nerve of adult Locusta migratoria. The tympanic hearing organ of these animals is located in the first abdominal segment above the coxa of the hindlegs. The somata of the receptor neurons are contained in the auditory ganglion on the inner side of the tympanum. Each ...
... receptor neurons in the auditory nerve of adult Locusta migratoria. The tympanic hearing organ of these animals is located in the first abdominal segment above the coxa of the hindlegs. The somata of the receptor neurons are contained in the auditory ganglion on the inner side of the tympanum. Each ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... labeled, acutely dissociated, and then analyzed using patch-clamp recording. Measurement of the dissociated neurons revealed that PG neurons were significantly larger than GG neurons. The active and passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. The ...
... labeled, acutely dissociated, and then analyzed using patch-clamp recording. Measurement of the dissociated neurons revealed that PG neurons were significantly larger than GG neurons. The active and passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. The ...
Pain Syndromes: Neuropathic Pain
... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... 2009). In fishes and other vertebrates, the terminal nerve GnRH system also modulates processing of visual and olfactory information at the periphery (i.e., retina and olfactory epithelium) (Eisthen et al., 2000; Kawai et al., 2009; Park and Eisthen, 2003; Stell et al., 1987; Zhang and Delay, 2007). ...
... 2009). In fishes and other vertebrates, the terminal nerve GnRH system also modulates processing of visual and olfactory information at the periphery (i.e., retina and olfactory epithelium) (Eisthen et al., 2000; Kawai et al., 2009; Park and Eisthen, 2003; Stell et al., 1987; Zhang and Delay, 2007). ...
Neuropathic Pain
... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
... Neuropathic Pain: Central Mechanisms Peripheral neuropathic events can be complicated by temporary or long-term CNS changes, such as central sensitization and then reorganization of the pain pathways at the dorsal horn level ...
SI Wednesday November 5, 2008
... 1. Dorsal Root Ganglion neurons are derived from: A. The Caudal portion of the neural tube B. The Rostral portion of the neural tube C. Neural Crest Cells D. Somites 2. In adults, the conus medullaris corresponds approximately to: A. L1 B. The coccyx C. The base of the myelencephalon D. Cessation of ...
... 1. Dorsal Root Ganglion neurons are derived from: A. The Caudal portion of the neural tube B. The Rostral portion of the neural tube C. Neural Crest Cells D. Somites 2. In adults, the conus medullaris corresponds approximately to: A. L1 B. The coccyx C. The base of the myelencephalon D. Cessation of ...
IBRO 2008
... CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunofluorescence. Silencing an individual neuron by means of a specific sodium channel shRNA, also produces an increase in vGlut levels. This increase occurs specifically on bouto ...
... CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunofluorescence. Silencing an individual neuron by means of a specific sodium channel shRNA, also produces an increase in vGlut levels. This increase occurs specifically on bouto ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... plexus of long range horizontal connections that link cells with widely separated receptive fields. This is a network of connectivity formed by the axons of cortical pyramidal cells. Pyramidal and spiny stellate cells represent 80% of the neurons in the cortex, each cell can form lateral connections ...
... plexus of long range horizontal connections that link cells with widely separated receptive fields. This is a network of connectivity formed by the axons of cortical pyramidal cells. Pyramidal and spiny stellate cells represent 80% of the neurons in the cortex, each cell can form lateral connections ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a,b, 1997a, 1998); therefore it is conceivable that light tactile inputs and nociceptive visceral inputs may interact at any of several locations along the DC-ML pathway. The DC-ML pathway, through which light touch information is conveyed, thus appears to be an important system ...
... (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a,b, 1997a, 1998); therefore it is conceivable that light tactile inputs and nociceptive visceral inputs may interact at any of several locations along the DC-ML pathway. The DC-ML pathway, through which light touch information is conveyed, thus appears to be an important system ...
Chronic Opioid Therapy and Opioid Tolerance: A New Hypothesis
... However, opioids alone cannot provide long-term relief because of tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, or side effects. Pain practitioners are also well aware that other nonopioid therapies, such as intravenous infusion of local anesthetics or ketamine, inhalation of nitrous oxide, or conduction b ...
... However, opioids alone cannot provide long-term relief because of tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, or side effects. Pain practitioners are also well aware that other nonopioid therapies, such as intravenous infusion of local anesthetics or ketamine, inhalation of nitrous oxide, or conduction b ...
Course Objectives
... o Explain the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Membrane Potentials o Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. o Compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. o Explain how act ...
... o Explain the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Membrane Potentials o Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. o Compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. o Explain how act ...
Nineteen
... alongside the axons of the gelatinosa cells. Ttains of impulses coming through the larger {ibers are thought to cause synaptic inhibition of the tract cells concerned with nociception. This postulated mechanism, known as the gate control theory ofpain (Fig. I9-2), enables the neurons in the spinal c ...
... alongside the axons of the gelatinosa cells. Ttains of impulses coming through the larger {ibers are thought to cause synaptic inhibition of the tract cells concerned with nociception. This postulated mechanism, known as the gate control theory ofpain (Fig. I9-2), enables the neurons in the spinal c ...
Computational physics: Neural networks
... of the neuron is not identical, as can be seen in fig. 1. An important source of the noise is the unreliable response of synapses, as can be seen in fig. 2. This unreliability can in turn be related to the stochastic nature of the channels in the membrane, as is illustrated in fig. 3. Another cause ...
... of the neuron is not identical, as can be seen in fig. 1. An important source of the noise is the unreliable response of synapses, as can be seen in fig. 2. This unreliability can in turn be related to the stochastic nature of the channels in the membrane, as is illustrated in fig. 3. Another cause ...
Mechanism of acute and chronic pain
... • This includes the dorsal horn neurons, interneurons, and ventral horn neurons. • The thalamus, cortex, and other brain areas also develop relevant changes. • As a consequence of the central sensitization, low intensity or normal input of stimuli can produce an inappropriately greater response ...
... • This includes the dorsal horn neurons, interneurons, and ventral horn neurons. • The thalamus, cortex, and other brain areas also develop relevant changes. • As a consequence of the central sensitization, low intensity or normal input of stimuli can produce an inappropriately greater response ...
Electrophysiological characterization of Na transporter
... currents . i) a 5-HT-induced transport-associated inward current, ii) a constitutive inward leak current that is detected as an outward deflection in the base-line membrane current when applying SERT inhibitors, and iii) a transient current can be induced by voltage jumps to high negative potentials ...
... currents . i) a 5-HT-induced transport-associated inward current, ii) a constitutive inward leak current that is detected as an outward deflection in the base-line membrane current when applying SERT inhibitors, and iii) a transient current can be induced by voltage jumps to high negative potentials ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.