Figure 2.25
... Figure 2.2 The human nervous system Klein/Thorne: Biological Psychology © 2007 by Worth Publishers ...
... Figure 2.2 The human nervous system Klein/Thorne: Biological Psychology © 2007 by Worth Publishers ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et al. 1977), this is generally not the case. Given that the vast majority of spines, with the exception of some very thin spines (about 2–4 % of total cortical spines) (Arellano et al. 2007; Hersch and White 1981; White and Rock 1980), have a single t ...
... dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et al. 1977), this is generally not the case. Given that the vast majority of spines, with the exception of some very thin spines (about 2–4 % of total cortical spines) (Arellano et al. 2007; Hersch and White 1981; White and Rock 1980), have a single t ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... Box 1. Small-world and scale-free network architecture How fast can a message propagate from one neuron (‘node’) to distant neurons in large networks? If one defines a ‘characteristic path length’ lpath as the average number of monosynaptic connections in the shortest path between two neurons, how d ...
... Box 1. Small-world and scale-free network architecture How fast can a message propagate from one neuron (‘node’) to distant neurons in large networks? If one defines a ‘characteristic path length’ lpath as the average number of monosynaptic connections in the shortest path between two neurons, how d ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Chest x-ray was normal. Skin biopsy showed presence of sweat glands in dermis with retention of pilosebaceous structure [Fig. 1]. Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) of upper and lower limbs showed normal Sensory Nerve ...
... Chest x-ray was normal. Skin biopsy showed presence of sweat glands in dermis with retention of pilosebaceous structure [Fig. 1]. Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) of upper and lower limbs showed normal Sensory Nerve ...
The Five Senses - Flinn Scientific
... people cannot taste it at all! People who can taste PTC are referred to as “tasters.” Those who cannot taste PTC are called “non-tasters.” Not only is the difference in ability to taste this substance interesting, but it has also been found to be an inherited characteristic. Touch Mechanoreceptors a ...
... people cannot taste it at all! People who can taste PTC are referred to as “tasters.” Those who cannot taste PTC are called “non-tasters.” Not only is the difference in ability to taste this substance interesting, but it has also been found to be an inherited characteristic. Touch Mechanoreceptors a ...
Extrastriatal and striatal D 2 dopamine receptor blockade with
... plasma concentration following the drug dose intake. All patients were medicated for at least 15 days, which is much longer than the five half-lives necessary to reach the steady state for plasma antipsychotic concentration. Exclusion criteria included neurological or other medical conditions and su ...
... plasma concentration following the drug dose intake. All patients were medicated for at least 15 days, which is much longer than the five half-lives necessary to reach the steady state for plasma antipsychotic concentration. Exclusion criteria included neurological or other medical conditions and su ...
Title: Multimodal imagery in music: Active ingredients and
... perceptions, both are necessary and indeed related; neither must overwhelm the other. Similarly, in the sensory realm the modalities must be integrated for the therapeutic effect to be enhanced rather than diminished by cross-modal influence. Music therapy is an intensely interpersonal and multimoda ...
... perceptions, both are necessary and indeed related; neither must overwhelm the other. Similarly, in the sensory realm the modalities must be integrated for the therapeutic effect to be enhanced rather than diminished by cross-modal influence. Music therapy is an intensely interpersonal and multimoda ...
Receptors in lateral hypothalamic area involved in - AJP
... the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC autonomic efferents, which shows diffuse projections throughout the ipsilateral tuberal and posterior LHA (41). T ...
... the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC autonomic efferents, which shows diffuse projections throughout the ipsilateral tuberal and posterior LHA (41). T ...
Cranial Nerve I
... The vagus is a mixed nerve Most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and visceral organs Its sensory function is in taste Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... The vagus is a mixed nerve Most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and visceral organs Its sensory function is in taste Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic nucleus, and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). According to the model, three sources of input interact in generating the firing patterns of DA neurons. Two of ...
... whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic nucleus, and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). According to the model, three sources of input interact in generating the firing patterns of DA neurons. Two of ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... processing stage does SAT affect? (ii) does speed emphasis cause an increase in baseline activity or a decrease in response threshold? and (iii) how is SAT controlled in the cortico–basal ganglia circuit? Before we can adequately address these questions, however, we first need to review briefly the ...
... processing stage does SAT affect? (ii) does speed emphasis cause an increase in baseline activity or a decrease in response threshold? and (iii) how is SAT controlled in the cortico–basal ganglia circuit? Before we can adequately address these questions, however, we first need to review briefly the ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... to kainate were unaffected by APV in 5 cases (within 20% of control), whereas responses to N-MDA were reduced to 10% of control. In the other case, APV reduced the kainate excitations to 73% of control and the NMDA-induced excitation to 13%. Figure 1 shows the procedure for this type of experiment. ...
... to kainate were unaffected by APV in 5 cases (within 20% of control), whereas responses to N-MDA were reduced to 10% of control. In the other case, APV reduced the kainate excitations to 73% of control and the NMDA-induced excitation to 13%. Figure 1 shows the procedure for this type of experiment. ...
Cortex Brainstem Spinal Cord Thalamus Cerebellum Basal Ganglia
... mitochondria. Slow twitch fibers contract more slowly and generate less force. They are, however, resistant to fatigue. Postural muscles such as those of the back or the soleus muscle of the leg are predominantly made up of slow twitch fibers. Fast twitch - Type II fibers are grossly paler than slow ...
... mitochondria. Slow twitch fibers contract more slowly and generate less force. They are, however, resistant to fatigue. Postural muscles such as those of the back or the soleus muscle of the leg are predominantly made up of slow twitch fibers. Fast twitch - Type II fibers are grossly paler than slow ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... visual cortex for neural computations. It will also discuss some first results on retinal processing based on experiments with live retinas. The cornea and lens of the eye focus light from the external visual world onto the retina. The retina is a thin tissue that lines the back of the eye and that ...
... visual cortex for neural computations. It will also discuss some first results on retinal processing based on experiments with live retinas. The cornea and lens of the eye focus light from the external visual world onto the retina. The retina is a thin tissue that lines the back of the eye and that ...
Ch19 Lecture
... If something unexpected occurs—a loud noise or sudden movement—people tend to respond immediately … stop what they are doing … orient toward the stimulus, and try to identify its potential for actual danger. This happens very quickly, in a reflex-like sequence in which action precedes any voluntary ...
... If something unexpected occurs—a loud noise or sudden movement—people tend to respond immediately … stop what they are doing … orient toward the stimulus, and try to identify its potential for actual danger. This happens very quickly, in a reflex-like sequence in which action precedes any voluntary ...
Continuous and Overlapping Expression Domains of Odorant
... in PBS. The skull was removed, and the surface of the OB was marked with a felt-tip pen. The tissues were then embedded in 4% agarose gel in PBS, and the lateral view of the OB was photographed. The posterior portion of the OB was sliced off with a microslicer (model PRO7; Douhan EM, Kyoto, Japan) u ...
... in PBS. The skull was removed, and the surface of the OB was marked with a felt-tip pen. The tissues were then embedded in 4% agarose gel in PBS, and the lateral view of the OB was photographed. The posterior portion of the OB was sliced off with a microslicer (model PRO7; Douhan EM, Kyoto, Japan) u ...
Spatial cognition and neuro-mimetic navigation: a model of
... During the agent-environment interaction, synapses between visually driven cells and path-integration neurons are established by means of Hebbian learning. This allows us to correlate allothetic and idiothetic cues to drive place cell activity. The proposed model results in a neural spatial represen ...
... During the agent-environment interaction, synapses between visually driven cells and path-integration neurons are established by means of Hebbian learning. This allows us to correlate allothetic and idiothetic cues to drive place cell activity. The proposed model results in a neural spatial represen ...
Neuronal Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans Chapter 7
... bimodal sensilla which comprise a few mechano- and some chemoreceptor neurons and occur on all appendages and aesthetascs which are innervated by 40–500 olfactory receptor neurons and exclusively occur on the antennular outer flagellum. Olfactory receptor neurons differ from chemoreceptor neurons of ...
... bimodal sensilla which comprise a few mechano- and some chemoreceptor neurons and occur on all appendages and aesthetascs which are innervated by 40–500 olfactory receptor neurons and exclusively occur on the antennular outer flagellum. Olfactory receptor neurons differ from chemoreceptor neurons of ...
Sequencing the connectome. - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
... In its simplest form the sequencing approach yields only a connectivity matrix. Missing from this matrix are at least two kinds of useful information typically obtained with conventional methods based on microscopy: information about the brain region (e.g. primary auditory cortex, striatum, etc) fro ...
... In its simplest form the sequencing approach yields only a connectivity matrix. Missing from this matrix are at least two kinds of useful information typically obtained with conventional methods based on microscopy: information about the brain region (e.g. primary auditory cortex, striatum, etc) fro ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... For that reason, visual object recognition operates not on specific combinations of individual pixels, but rather on complex constructs involving several layers of processing leading from pixels to lines on to phase-invariant lines and all the way to faces and other objects. Something similar is tru ...
... For that reason, visual object recognition operates not on specific combinations of individual pixels, but rather on complex constructs involving several layers of processing leading from pixels to lines on to phase-invariant lines and all the way to faces and other objects. Something similar is tru ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Each dot had a randomly assigned screen duration of 33–1000 ms that maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each dot’s angular distance from the radial COM as viewed by the monkey. Averag ...
... Each dot had a randomly assigned screen duration of 33–1000 ms that maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each dot’s angular distance from the radial COM as viewed by the monkey. Averag ...
W3005 1/29/0 Prof
... repulsive cues from the absence of attractive cues. The importance of local cues in establishing axon trajectories is shown very clearly in this experiment of Bill Harris (then at UCSD now at Cambridge). Harris labeled axons emerging from retinal ganglion cells with the fluoescent dye, diI, and the ...
... repulsive cues from the absence of attractive cues. The importance of local cues in establishing axon trajectories is shown very clearly in this experiment of Bill Harris (then at UCSD now at Cambridge). Harris labeled axons emerging from retinal ganglion cells with the fluoescent dye, diI, and the ...
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
... • spinal segment • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies a ...
... • spinal segment • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies a ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.